Considerations on HAM/TSP: rediscovering Tumaco

Yasuda, Noboru

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1993000100023

Abstracts

Considerations are made on the role of HTL.V-I in the etiopathogeny of HAM/ TSP. Neuroepidemiologic data reported in the literature are revisited for this purpose. Among results of this evaluation it is pointed-out that the Gkinawan Community of Brazil presents ethnographic and demographic characteristics which are ideal for designining new studies. For instance, analyses on HTLV-I and on HAM/TSP in face of the cohort of such community classified according to time and direction of the migration (Japan-Brazil and vice-versa), will ensure promising results for the understanding of etiopathogeny of HAM/TSP. They can also be paths towards clarifying the simultaneous generating, of geographical foci of the disease distant one the other, as that of Tumaco and that of south Japan.

HTLV-I; myelopathy; neuroepidemiology; geographical distribution

São feitas considerações acerca do papel etiopatogênico do HTLV-I na paraplegia espástica tropical (TSP), a mielopatia associada ao HTDV-I (HAM). Aspectos neuroepide-miológicos registrados na literatura são reavaliados com essa finalidade. Da avaliação resultam perspectivas para novos estudos. Para estes, é salientado que a Comunidade de Okinawa no Brasil apresenta características étnicas e demográficas ideais. Análises sobre o HTLV-I e a HAM/TSP em confronto a coorte populacional dessa comunidade classificada de acordo com o tempo e o sentido da corrente migratória (Japão-Brasil e vice-versa) poderão, por exemplo, garantir resultados promissores para a compreensão da etiopatogenia da HAM/TSP. Poderão constituir-se também em caminho para esclarecer a origem simultânea de focos geográficos da doença tão distantes entre si como o de Tumaco e o do sul do Japão.

HTDV-I; mielopatia; neuroepidemiologia; distribuição geográfica

Considerations on HAM/TSP: rediscovering Tumaco

Reflexões sobre HAM/TSP: redescobrindo Tumaco

Noboru Yasuda

Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo. Assistant Professor, M.D., Master in Neurology

SUMMARY

Considerations are made on the role of HTL.V-I in the etiopathogeny of HAM/ TSP. Neuroepidemiologic data reported in the literature are revisited for this purpose. Among results of this evaluation it is pointed-out that the Gkinawan Community of Brazil presents ethnographic and demographic characteristics which are ideal for designining new studies. For instance, analyses on HTLV-I and on HAM/TSP in face of the cohort of such community classified according to time and direction of the migration (Japan-Brazil and vice-versa), will ensure promising results for the understanding of etiopathogeny of HAM/TSP. They can also be paths towards clarifying the simultaneous generating, of geographical foci of the disease distant one the other, as that of Tumaco and that of south Japan.

Key words: HTLV-I, myelopathy, neuroepidemiology, geographical distribution.

RESUMO

São feitas considerações acerca do papel etiopatogênico do HTLV-I na paraplegia espástica tropical (TSP), a mielopatia associada ao HTDV-I (HAM). Aspectos neuroepide-miológicos registrados na literatura são reavaliados com essa finalidade. Da avaliação resultam perspectivas para novos estudos. Para estes, é salientado que a Comunidade de Okinawa no Brasil apresenta características étnicas e demográficas ideais. Análises sobre o HTLV-I e a HAM/TSP em confronto a coorte populacional dessa comunidade classificada de acordo com o tempo e o sentido da corrente migratória (Japão-Brasil e vice-versa) poderão, por exemplo, garantir resultados promissores para a compreensão da etiopatogenia da HAM/TSP. Poderão constituir-se também em caminho para esclarecer a origem simultânea de focos geográficos da doença tão distantes entre si como o de Tumaco e o do sul do Japão.

Palavras-chave: HTDV-I, mielopatia, neuroepidemiologia, distribuição geográfica.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Acknowledgement The Author thanks for the skill of their orientation and assistance to: Prof. A. Spina-França, M.D. (Neurology Investigation Center, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo); Prof. Gustavo C. Román, M.D. and Joana, Rosario, M.D. (Neuroepidemiology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA).

Aceite: 01-agosto-1992.

Dr. Noboru Yasuda Caixa Postal 5199 - 01061-970 São Paulo SP - Brasil.

1. Blattner WA, Nomura A, Olark JW, Ho GYF, Nakao Y, Gallo R, Robert-Guroff M. Modes of transmission and evidence for viral latency from studies of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I in Japanese migrant populations in Hawaii. Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA) 1986, 83:4895-4898.
2. Calender A, Gessain A, Essex M, De-Thé G. Seroepidemiology of HTDV-I in the French West Indies: antibodies in blood donors and lymphoproliferative diseases who do not have AIDS. Ann NY Acad Sci 1984, 437:175-176.
3. Clark JW, Robejrt-Guroff M, Ikehara O, Henzan El, Blattner WA. Human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I and adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma in Okinawa. Cancer Res 1985, 45:2849-2852.
4. Garruto RM, Yanagihara R, Gajdusek DC. Disappearance of high-incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam. Neurology 1985, 35:193-198.
5. Gessain A, Barin F, Vernant JC, Gout O, Maurs D, Calender A. Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1985, 2:407-411.
6. Hinuma Y, Komoda H, Chosa T, Kondo T, Kohakura M, Takenaka T, Kikuchi M, Ichimaru M, Yunoki K, Sato I, Matsuo R, Takiuchi Y, Matsuo R, Takiuchi Y, Uchino H, Hanaoka M, Antibodies to adult T-cell leukemic-virus-associated antigen (ATLA) in sera from patients with ATD and controls in Japan: a nation-wide sero-epidemiologic study. Int J Cancer 1982, 29:631-635.
7. Hinuma Y, Nagata K, Hanaoka M, Nakai M, Màtsumoto T, Kinoshita K, Shirakawa S, Miyoshi I. Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATD cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera. Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA) 1981, 78:6476-6480.
8. Ida H, Kurata A, Eguchi K, Kawakami A, Migita K, Fukuda T, Nagataki S. Different B-cell response to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTDV-I) envelope synthetic petides in HTDV-I infected individuals. J Neuroimmunol 1991, 11:1-9.
9. Kawai H, Nishida Y, Takagi M, Nakamura S, Saito S. HTDV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1989, 29:588-592.
10. Kayembe K, Goubau P, Desmyter J, Vlietinck R, Carton H, A cluster of HTL.V-I associated tropical spastic paraparesis in Equateur (Zaire): ethnic and familial distribution. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990, 53:4-10.
11. Kira J, Itoyama Y, Koyanagi Y, Tateishi J, Kishikawa M, Akizuki S, Kobayashi I, Toki N, Sueishi K, Sato H, Slakaki Y, Yamamoto N, Goto I. Presence of HTLV-I proviral DNA in central nervous system of patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Ann Neurol 1992, 31:39-45.
12. Kitagawa T, Fujishitia M, Taguchi H, Miyoshi I, Tadokoro H. Antibodies to HTLV-I in Japanese immigrants in Brazil. JAMA 1986, 256:2342.
13. Koprowski K, De Freitas E, Harper ME, Sandberg-Wolheim M, Sheremata WA, Robert-Guroff M, Saxinger CW, Feinberg MB, Wong-Staal F, Gallo RC. Multiple sclerosis and human T-cell lymphotropic retroviruses. Nature 1985, 318:154-160.
14. Kubota H, Osame M. The clinical features of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM). Advances in Neurological Sciences (Tokyo) 1991, 35:804-816.
15. Lavine D, Steele JC, Wolfe N, Calne DB, O'Brien PC, Williams DB, Kurland LT, Schoenberg BS. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex in Southern Guam: is it disappearing? In Rowland DP (ed): Advances in Neurology 1991, 56:271-285.
16. Miyai I, Saida T, Fujita M, Kitahara Y, Hirano N. Familial cases of HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Ann Neurol 1987, 22:601-605.
17. Mori M, Ban N, Kinoshita K. Familial occurrence of HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Ann Neurol 1988, 23:98.
18. Motomura M, Nakamura T, Nagasato K. Shibayama K, Kubo S, Nakasono I, Tsujihata M, Sonoda S, Yashiki S. HTLV-I associated myelopathy in an identical twin. Lancet 1990, 336:55.
19. Nasu T, Akimoto J, Watanabe A, Minami T, Enomoto T, Nakamura Y, Furubayashi T. Acute myelogenous leukemia accompanied by HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) caused by blood transfusion. Rinsho Ketsueki 1989, 30:245-250.
20. Osame M. Recent advances on the research of HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Advances in Neurological Sciences (Tokyo) 1991, 35:735-745.
21. Osame M, Igata A, Matsumoto M, Usuku K, Izumo S, Kosaka K. HTLV-I associated myelopathy: a report of 85 cases. Ann Neurol 1987, 22:116.
22. Osame M, Igata A, Usuku K, Rosales RL, Matsumoto M. Mother-to-child transmission in HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Lancet 1987, 1:106.
23. Osame M, Izumo S, Igata A, Matsumoto M, Matsumoto T, Sonoda S, Tara M, Shibata Y. Blood transfusion and HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Lancet 1986, 2:104-105.
24. Osame M, Janssen R, Kubota H, Nishitani H, Igata A, Nagataki S, Mori M, Goto I, Shimabukuro H, Khabbaz R, Kaplan J. Nationwide survey of HTLV-I associated myelopathy in Japan: association with blood-transfusion. Ann Neurol 1990, 28:50-56.
25. Osame M, Matsumoto M, Usuku K, Izumo S, Ijichi N, Amitani H, Tara M, Igata A. Chronic progressive myelopathy associated with elevated antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I and adult T-cell leukemialike cells. Ann Neurol 1987, 21:117-122.
26. Poser CM, Román GC, Vernant JC. Multiple sclerosis or HTLV-I myelitis? Neurology 1990, 40:1020-1022.
27. Reed D, Plato G, Elizan T, Kurlard LT. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex: a ten-year follow-up on Guam. Am J Epidemiol 1966, 83:54-73.
28. Rodgers-Johnson P, Gajdusek DC, Morgan OStC, Zaninovic V, Sarin PS, Graham DS. HTLV-I and HTLV-III antibodies and tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1985, 2:1247-1248.
29. Rodgers-Johnson P, Garruto RM, Yanagihara R, Chen KM, Gajdusek DC, Gibbs CJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam: a 30-year evaluation of clinical and neuropathologic trends. Neurology 1986, 36:7-13.
30. Román GC, Osame M. Identity of HTLV-I associated tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Lancet 1988, 1:651.
31. Román GC, Román LN, Spencer PS, Schoenberg BS. Tropical spastic paraparesis: a neuroepidemiological study in Colombia. Ann Neurol 1985, 17:361-365.
32. Román GC, Schoenberg BS, Maden DL, Sever JL, Hugon J, Ludolph A, Spencer PS. Human T-lymphotropic virus type I antibodies in the serum of patients with tropical spastic paraparesis in the Seychelles. Arch Neurol 1987, 44:605-607.
33. Román GC, Spencer PS, Schoenerg BS Tropical myeloneuropathies: the hidden endemias. Neurology 1985, 35:1158-1170.
34. Tournier-Lasserve E, Gout O, Gessain A, Iba-Zizen M, Lyon-Caen O. Lhermitte F, De-Thé G. HTLV-I, brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging and relation with multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1987, 2:49-50.
35. Usuku K, Sonoda S, Osame M, Yashiki S, Takahashi K, Matsumoto M, Sawada T, Tsuji K, Tara M, Igata A. HLA haplotype-linked high immune responsiveness against HTLV-I associated myelopathy: comparison with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Ann Neurol 1988, 23 (Suppl.):143-150.
36. Yanagihara R, Garruto RM, Gajdusek DC. HTLV-I myeloneuropathy in the Solomon Islands. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:615-616.
37. Yanagihara R, Jenkins CL, Alexander SS, Mora CA, Garruto RM. Human T lymphotropic virus type I infection in Papua New Guinea: high prevalence among the Hagahai confirmed by Western analysis. J Infect Dis 1990, 162:649-654.
38. Zaninovic V, Arango C, Biojo R, Mora C, Rodgers-Johnson P, Concha M, Corral R, Barreto P, Barrero I, Garruto RM, Gibbs CJ, Gajdusek DC. Tropical spastic paraparesis in Colombia. Ann Neurol 1988, 23 (Suppl.): 127-132.
39. Zhang Z, Anderson DW, Lavine L, Mantel N. Patterns of acquiring parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam. Arch Neurol 1990, 47 1019-1024

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
19 Jan 2011
Date of issue
Mar 1993

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Blattner WA, Nomura A, Olark JW, Ho GYF, Nakao Y, Gallo R, Robert-Guroff M. Modes of transmission and evidence for viral latency from studies of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I in Japanese migrant populations in Hawaii. Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA) 1986, 83:4895-4898.

[2] 2. Calender A, Gessain A, Essex M, De-Thé G. Seroepidemiology of HTDV-I in the French West Indies: antibodies in blood donors and lymphoproliferative diseases who do not have AIDS. Ann NY Acad Sci 1984, 437:175-176.

[3] 3. Clark JW, Robejrt-Guroff M, Ikehara O, Henzan El, Blattner WA. Human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I and adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma in Okinawa. Cancer Res 1985, 45:2849-2852.

[4] 4. Garruto RM, Yanagihara R, Gajdusek DC. Disappearance of high-incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam. Neurology 1985, 35:193-198.

[5] 5. Gessain A, Barin F, Vernant JC, Gout O, Maurs D, Calender A. Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1985, 2:407-411.

[6] 6. Hinuma Y, Komoda H, Chosa T, Kondo T, Kohakura M, Takenaka T, Kikuchi M, Ichimaru M, Yunoki K, Sato I, Matsuo R, Takiuchi Y, Matsuo R, Takiuchi Y, Uchino H, Hanaoka M, Antibodies to adult T-cell leukemic-virus-associated antigen (ATLA) in sera from patients with ATD and controls in Japan: a nation-wide sero-epidemiologic study. Int J Cancer 1982, 29:631-635.

[7] 7. Hinuma Y, Nagata K, Hanaoka M, Nakai M, Màtsumoto T, Kinoshita K, Shirakawa S, Miyoshi I. Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATD cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera. Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA) 1981, 78:6476-6480.

[8] 8. Ida H, Kurata A, Eguchi K, Kawakami A, Migita K, Fukuda T, Nagataki S. Different B-cell response to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTDV-I) envelope synthetic petides in HTDV-I infected individuals. J Neuroimmunol 1991, 11:1-9.

[9] 9. Kawai H, Nishida Y, Takagi M, Nakamura S, Saito S. HTDV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1989, 29:588-592.

[10] 10. Kayembe K, Goubau P, Desmyter J, Vlietinck R, Carton H, A cluster of HTL.V-I associated tropical spastic paraparesis in Equateur (Zaire): ethnic and familial distribution. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990, 53:4-10.

[11] 11. Kira J, Itoyama Y, Koyanagi Y, Tateishi J, Kishikawa M, Akizuki S, Kobayashi I, Toki N, Sueishi K, Sato H, Slakaki Y, Yamamoto N, Goto I. Presence of HTLV-I proviral DNA in central nervous system of patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Ann Neurol 1992, 31:39-45.

[12] 12. Kitagawa T, Fujishitia M, Taguchi H, Miyoshi I, Tadokoro H. Antibodies to HTLV-I in Japanese immigrants in Brazil. JAMA 1986, 256:2342.

[13] 13. Koprowski K, De Freitas E, Harper ME, Sandberg-Wolheim M, Sheremata WA, Robert-Guroff M, Saxinger CW, Feinberg MB, Wong-Staal F, Gallo RC. Multiple sclerosis and human T-cell lymphotropic retroviruses. Nature 1985, 318:154-160.

[14] 14. Kubota H, Osame M. The clinical features of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM). Advances in Neurological Sciences (Tokyo) 1991, 35:804-816.

[15] 15. Lavine D, Steele JC, Wolfe N, Calne DB, O'Brien PC, Williams DB, Kurland LT, Schoenberg BS. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex in Southern Guam: is it disappearing? In Rowland DP (ed): Advances in Neurology 1991, 56:271-285.

[16] 16. Miyai I, Saida T, Fujita M, Kitahara Y, Hirano N. Familial cases of HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Ann Neurol 1987, 22:601-605.

[17] 17. Mori M, Ban N, Kinoshita K. Familial occurrence of HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Ann Neurol 1988, 23:98.

[18] 18. Motomura M, Nakamura T, Nagasato K. Shibayama K, Kubo S, Nakasono I, Tsujihata M, Sonoda S, Yashiki S. HTLV-I associated myelopathy in an identical twin. Lancet 1990, 336:55.

[19] 19. Nasu T, Akimoto J, Watanabe A, Minami T, Enomoto T, Nakamura Y, Furubayashi T. Acute myelogenous leukemia accompanied by HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) caused by blood transfusion. Rinsho Ketsueki 1989, 30:245-250.

[20] 20. Osame M. Recent advances on the research of HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Advances in Neurological Sciences (Tokyo) 1991, 35:735-745.

[21] 21. Osame M, Igata A, Matsumoto M, Usuku K, Izumo S, Kosaka K. HTLV-I associated myelopathy: a report of 85 cases. Ann Neurol 1987, 22:116.

[22] 22. Osame M, Igata A, Usuku K, Rosales RL, Matsumoto M. Mother-to-child transmission in HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Lancet 1987, 1:106.

[23] 23. Osame M, Izumo S, Igata A, Matsumoto M, Matsumoto T, Sonoda S, Tara M, Shibata Y. Blood transfusion and HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Lancet 1986, 2:104-105.

[24] 24. Osame M, Janssen R, Kubota H, Nishitani H, Igata A, Nagataki S, Mori M, Goto I, Shimabukuro H, Khabbaz R, Kaplan J. Nationwide survey of HTLV-I associated myelopathy in Japan: association with blood-transfusion. Ann Neurol 1990, 28:50-56.

[25] 25. Osame M, Matsumoto M, Usuku K, Izumo S, Ijichi N, Amitani H, Tara M, Igata A. Chronic progressive myelopathy associated with elevated antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I and adult T-cell leukemialike cells. Ann Neurol 1987, 21:117-122.

[26] 26. Poser CM, Román GC, Vernant JC. Multiple sclerosis or HTLV-I myelitis? Neurology 1990, 40:1020-1022.

[27] 27. Reed D, Plato G, Elizan T, Kurlard LT. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex: a ten-year follow-up on Guam. Am J Epidemiol 1966, 83:54-73.

[28] 28. Rodgers-Johnson P, Gajdusek DC, Morgan OStC, Zaninovic V, Sarin PS, Graham DS. HTLV-I and HTLV-III antibodies and tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1985, 2:1247-1248.

[29] 29. Rodgers-Johnson P, Garruto RM, Yanagihara R, Chen KM, Gajdusek DC, Gibbs CJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam: a 30-year evaluation of clinical and neuropathologic trends. Neurology 1986, 36:7-13.

[30] 30. Román GC, Osame M. Identity of HTLV-I associated tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Lancet 1988, 1:651.

[31] 31. Román GC, Román LN, Spencer PS, Schoenberg BS. Tropical spastic paraparesis: a neuroepidemiological study in Colombia. Ann Neurol 1985, 17:361-365.

[32] 32. Román GC, Schoenberg BS, Maden DL, Sever JL, Hugon J, Ludolph A, Spencer PS. Human T-lymphotropic virus type I antibodies in the serum of patients with tropical spastic paraparesis in the Seychelles. Arch Neurol 1987, 44:605-607.

[33] 33. Román GC, Spencer PS, Schoenerg BS Tropical myeloneuropathies: the hidden endemias. Neurology 1985, 35:1158-1170.

[34] 34. Tournier-Lasserve E, Gout O, Gessain A, Iba-Zizen M, Lyon-Caen O. Lhermitte F, De-Thé G. HTLV-I, brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging and relation with multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1987, 2:49-50.

[35] 35. Usuku K, Sonoda S, Osame M, Yashiki S, Takahashi K, Matsumoto M, Sawada T, Tsuji K, Tara M, Igata A. HLA haplotype-linked high immune responsiveness against HTLV-I associated myelopathy: comparison with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Ann Neurol 1988, 23 (Suppl.):143-150.

[36] 36. Yanagihara R, Garruto RM, Gajdusek DC. HTLV-I myeloneuropathy in the Solomon Islands. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:615-616.

[37] 37. Yanagihara R, Jenkins CL, Alexander SS, Mora CA, Garruto RM. Human T lymphotropic virus type I infection in Papua New Guinea: high prevalence among the Hagahai confirmed by Western analysis. J Infect Dis 1990, 162:649-654.

[38] 38. Zaninovic V, Arango C, Biojo R, Mora C, Rodgers-Johnson P, Concha M, Corral R, Barreto P, Barrero I, Garruto RM, Gibbs CJ, Gajdusek DC. Tropical spastic paraparesis in Colombia. Ann Neurol 1988, 23 (Suppl.): 127-132.

[39] 39. Zhang Z, Anderson DW, Lavine L, Mantel N. Patterns of acquiring parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam. Arch Neurol 1990, 47 1019-1024