Estudo anatômico e quantitativo do gânglio pterigopalatino humano: morfometria e estereologia

Oliveira, Sandra Helena de; Freire, Claudio da Silva; Costa, Waldemar Silva; Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Carlos A.

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1993000200013

Resumos

O gânglio pterigopalatino (GP) tem importância na regulação da pressão intraocular, na secreção lacrimal e na vasodilatação cerebral relacionada à dor de cabeça de origem vascular. Apesar disto, é ele pouco conhecido morfológica e morfometricamente. Quatro GP humanos foram dissecados, fixados e seccionados em série com 6 μm de espessura. Os volumes dos GP foram calculados por planimetria por contagem de pontos. Dados estereológicos foram calculados usando o sistema-teste M42 sob observação microscópica. O volume do GP apresentou (média±erro padrão da média), 5,6±0,5mm3. Os neurônios ocuparam 51,1%±3,4% do volume do GP e tiveram um volume de 41200,0±2250,0μm3. A densidade da população neuronal foi 12600,0±677,0 neurônios/mm3, o que dá a média de 70560 neurônios por gânglio no homem.

gânglio pterigopalatino; morfometria; estereologia; gânglios parassimpáticos

The pterygopalatine ganglion is important in the regulation of the intraocular pressure and in the cerebral vasodilatation connected with headache of vascular origin. Pour human ganglia were dissected, fixed in formalin and serially sectioned with a 6 mm thickness. The volume of the ganglion was calculated by point-counting and stereological parameters were determined using the test-system M42 with light microscopy. The PG volume was (mean±standard error of the mean) 5.6±0,5 mm3. The volume density of neurons was 51.1;%±3,4%, and the unitary volume of the neurons was 41,200.0±2,250.0 mm. The numerical density was 12,600.0±677.0 neurons by mm3, therefore approximately 70,560 neurons by ganglion.

pterygopalatine ganglion; morphometry; stereology; parasympathetic ganglia

Estudo anatômico e quantitativo do gânglio pterigopalatino humano: morfometria e estereologia

Anatomic and quantitative study of the human pterygopalatine ganglion: morphometry and stercology

Sandra Helena de Oliveira^I; Claudio da Silva Freire^II; Waldemar Silva Costa^III; Carlos A. Mandarim-de-Lacerda^IV

^IBolsista da UERJ, Setor de Neuroblologia, DA/UERJ. Departamento de Anatomia (DA), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro

^IIBolsista do CNPq, Setor de Neurobiologia, DA/UERJ. Departamento de Anatomia (DA), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro

^IIIProfessor Adjunto, DA/UERJ (Orientador). Departamento de Anatomia (DA), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro

^IVProfessor Titular, DA/UERJ. Departamento de Anatomia (DA), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro

RESUMO

O gânglio pterigopalatino (GP) tem importância na regulação da pressão intraocular, na secreção lacrimal e na vasodilatação cerebral relacionada à dor de cabeça de origem vascular. Apesar disto, é ele pouco conhecido morfológica e morfometricamente. Quatro GP humanos foram dissecados, fixados e seccionados em série com 6 μm de espessura. Os volumes dos GP foram calculados por planimetria por contagem de pontos. Dados estereológicos foram calculados usando o sistema-teste M42 sob observação microscópica. O volume do GP apresentou (média±erro padrão da média), 5,6±0,5mm3. Os neurônios ocuparam 51,1%±3,4% do volume do GP e tiveram um volume de 41200,0±2250,0μm3. A densidade da população neuronal foi 12600,0±677,0 neurônios/mm3, o que dá a média de 70560 neurônios por gânglio no homem.

Palavras-chave: gânglio pterigopalatino, morfometria, estereologia, gânglios parassimpáticos.

SUMMARY

The pterygopalatine ganglion is important in the regulation of the intraocular pressure and in the cerebral vasodilatation connected with headache of vascular origin. Pour human ganglia were dissected, fixed in formalin and serially sectioned with a 6 mm thickness. The volume of the ganglion was calculated by point-counting and stereological parameters were determined using the test-system M42 with light microscopy. The PG volume was (mean±standard error of the mean) 5.6±0,5 mm3. The volume density of neurons was 51.1;%±3,4%, and the unitary volume of the neurons was 41,200.0±2,250.0 mm. The numerical density was 12,600.0±677.0 neurons by mm3, therefore approximately 70,560 neurons by ganglion.

Key words: pterygopalatine ganglion, morphometry, stereology, parasympathetic ganglia.

Full text available only in PDF format.

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Agradecimentos Os autores agradecem aos Srs. Paulo César Cordeiro da Silva, Walter Pereira Rodrigues e João Mendes pela assistência técnica na elaboração do estudo. Trabalho parcialmente financiado pelo CNPq (Procs 800959/91-4 e 500427/91-7).

Aceite: 03-novembro-1992.

Dr. Waldemar Silva Costa Departamento de Anatomia, Centro Biomédico, UERJ, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto Av. 28 de Setembro 77, fundos 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.

1. Cormack DH. Ham's Histology. Philadelphia: Lippineott, 1987, p 381-387.
2. Costa WS, Morais R, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Stereology of the pterygopalatine ganglion of the rat. Arch Ital Anat Eimbriol (in press, 1992).
3. Elias H, Hyde DM. A guide to practical stereology. Basel: Karger, 1983, p 27-34.
4. Goasdsby PJ, Lambert GA, Lance JW. The peripheral pathway for extracranial vasodilatation in the cat. J Auton Nerv Syst 1984, 10:145-155.
5. Goasdsby PJ, MacDonald GJ. The effect of infusion of various peptide antisera on vasodilatation in the cat common carotid vasculary territory. Clin Exp Neurol 1985, 21: 115-121.
6. Hally AD. A counting method for measuring the volumes of tissue components in microscopical sections. Quart J Microsc Sei 1964, 105:503-507.
7. Hara H, Hamill GS, Jacobowitz DM. Origin of cholinergic nerves to the rat major cerebral arteries: coexistence with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Brain Res Bull 1985, 14:179-188.
8. Ito E, Okamoto Y, Konno A. Ultrastructural study of the human pterygopalatine ganglion. Nip Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1986, 89:1209-1216.
9. Keller JT, Beduk A, Saunders MC. Origin of fibers innervating the basilar artery of the cat. Neurosci Lett 1985, 58:263-268.
10. Leblanc GG, Landis SC. Differentiation of noradrenergic traits in the principal neurons and small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells of the parasympathetic sphenopalatine ganglion of the rat. Dev Biol 1989, 131:44-59.
11. Pearson J, Pytel B. Quantitative studies of ciliary and sphenopalatine ganglia in familial dysautonomia. J Neurol Sci 1978, 39:123-130.
12. Ruskell GL. A ocular parasympathetic new pathway of nerve facial origin and its influence on intraocular pressure. Exptl Eye Res 1970, 10:319-330.
13. Ruskell GL. Facial nerve distribution to the eye. Am J Optom Psysiol Opt 1985, 62: 793-798.
14. Seylaz J, Hara H, Pinard E, Macrovitz S, Mackenzie ET, Edvinsson L. Effect of stimulation to the sphenopalatine ganglion on cortical blood flow in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988, 8:875-878.
15. Suzuki N, Hardebo JE, Owman C. Origins and pathways of cerebrovascular vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive nerves in rat. J Cer Blood Flow Metab 1988, 8:687-712.
16. Uddman R, Edvinson L, Hara H. Axonal tracing of autonomic nerve fibers to the superficial temporal artery in the rat. Cell Tiss Res 1989, 256:559-565.
17. Walters BB, Gillespie SA, Moskowitz MA. Cerebrovascular projections from the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia to the middle cerebral artery of the cat. Stroke 1986, 17: 488-494.
18. Weibel ER. Stereological methods: practical methods for biological morphometry, Vol 1. London: Academic Press, 1979.
11. Pearson J, Pytel B. Quantitative studies of ciliary and sphenopalatine ganglia in familial dysautonomia. J Neurol Sci 1978, 39:123-130.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
19 Jan 2011
Data do Fascículo
Jun 1993

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Cormack DH. Ham's Histology. Philadelphia: Lippineott, 1987, p 381-387.

[2] 2. Costa WS, Morais R, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Stereology of the pterygopalatine ganglion of the rat. Arch Ital Anat Eimbriol (in press, 1992).

[3] 3. Elias H, Hyde DM. A guide to practical stereology. Basel: Karger, 1983, p 27-34.

[4] 4. Goasdsby PJ, Lambert GA, Lance JW. The peripheral pathway for extracranial vasodilatation in the cat. J Auton Nerv Syst 1984, 10:145-155.

[5] 5. Goasdsby PJ, MacDonald GJ. The effect of infusion of various peptide antisera on vasodilatation in the cat common carotid vasculary territory. Clin Exp Neurol 1985, 21: 115-121.

[6] 6. Hally AD. A counting method for measuring the volumes of tissue components in microscopical sections. Quart J Microsc Sei 1964, 105:503-507.

[7] 7. Hara H, Hamill GS, Jacobowitz DM. Origin of cholinergic nerves to the rat major cerebral arteries: coexistence with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Brain Res Bull 1985, 14:179-188.

[8] 8. Ito E, Okamoto Y, Konno A. Ultrastructural study of the human pterygopalatine ganglion. Nip Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1986, 89:1209-1216.

[9] 9. Keller JT, Beduk A, Saunders MC. Origin of fibers innervating the basilar artery of the cat. Neurosci Lett 1985, 58:263-268.

[10] 10. Leblanc GG, Landis SC. Differentiation of noradrenergic traits in the principal neurons and small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells of the parasympathetic sphenopalatine ganglion of the rat. Dev Biol 1989, 131:44-59.

[11] 11. Pearson J, Pytel B. Quantitative studies of ciliary and sphenopalatine ganglia in familial dysautonomia. J Neurol Sci 1978, 39:123-130.

[12] 12. Ruskell GL. A ocular parasympathetic new pathway of nerve facial origin and its influence on intraocular pressure. Exptl Eye Res 1970, 10:319-330.

[13] 13. Ruskell GL. Facial nerve distribution to the eye. Am J Optom Psysiol Opt 1985, 62: 793-798.

[14] 14. Seylaz J, Hara H, Pinard E, Macrovitz S, Mackenzie ET, Edvinsson L. Effect of stimulation to the sphenopalatine ganglion on cortical blood flow in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988, 8:875-878.

[15] 15. Suzuki N, Hardebo JE, Owman C. Origins and pathways of cerebrovascular vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive nerves in rat. J Cer Blood Flow Metab 1988, 8:687-712.

[16] 16. Uddman R, Edvinson L, Hara H. Axonal tracing of autonomic nerve fibers to the superficial temporal artery in the rat. Cell Tiss Res 1989, 256:559-565.

[17] 17. Walters BB, Gillespie SA, Moskowitz MA. Cerebrovascular projections from the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia to the middle cerebral artery of the cat. Stroke 1986, 17: 488-494.

[18] 18. Weibel ER. Stereological methods: practical methods for biological morphometry, Vol 1. London: Academic Press, 1979.

[19] 11. Pearson J, Pytel B. Quantitative studies of ciliary and sphenopalatine ganglia in familial dysautonomia. J Neurol Sci 1978, 39:123-130.