Ressonância magnética do envolvimento cerebral na hemiatrofia facial progressiva (doença de Romberg) reconsideração de uma síndrome

Terstegge, K.; Kunath, B.; Felber, S.; Speciali, J.G.; Beckert, M.; Henkes, H.; Hosten, N.

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1995000100016

Resumos

A hemiatrofia facial progressiva (HFP) é doença esporádica de etiologia não esclarecida, caracterizada por progressiva atrofia e deformação de um dos lados da face. Os relatos e interpretações de comprometimento do sistema nervoso central na HFP, conforme deduzido pela ocorrência de crises epilépticas em alguns pacientes e pela documentação por pneumencefalografia e CT em pequenas séries de pacientes, são contraditórios. Examinamos três pacientes do sexo feminino com HFP, uma com epilepsia, com o objetivo de obter mais informações sobre a patogênese da doença. MÉTODOS: Realizamos exames de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de rotina da cabeça e face. RESULTADOS:Apenas a paciente com epilepsia apresentou achados patológicos no cérebro. Estes eram confinados ao hemisfério homolateral à hemiatrofia facial: dilatação monoventricular, dismorfismo meningo-cortical e alterações na substância branca. CONCLUSÕES: As alterações morfológicas verificadas à RMN assim como os achados neurorradiológicos e histopatológicos mostrados em revisão da literatura indicaram que a hemiatrofia homolateral é achado típico para um subgrupo de pacientes com HFP, mas não indica um modelo de simples processo atrófico. Reconsideramos a possibilidade de uma meningoencefalite crônica com acometimento vascular como possível causa do ocasional envolvimento cerebral na HFP.

hemiatrofia facial progressiva; cérebro; ressonância magnética; esclerodermia localizada da face

Progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH) is a sporadic disease of unclear etiology, characterized by shrinking and deformation of one side of the face. Reports and interpretations of CNS involvement in PFH, as deduced from the occurrence of seizures in some patients and documented by pneumoencephalography and CT findings in small series of patients, are contradictory. We examined three female patients with PFH, one with partial epilepsy, with the view to gaining further insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS: Routine MR examinations of the head and face were performed. RESULTS:Only the patient with epilepsy showed pathological findings, confined to the cerebral hemisphere homolateral to the facial hemiatrophy, and including monoventricular enlargement, meningo-cortical dysmorphia and white matter changes. CONCLUSIONS: The MR morphology, and corresponding neuroradiological and histopathological findings disclosed by a review of the literature, indicate that homolateral hemiatrophy is a typical finding for a subgroup of PFH patients, but do not support the model of a simple or nutritive atrophic process. We reconsider chronic localized meningo-encephalitis with vascular involvement as possible underlying cause of the occasional brain involvement in PFH.

progressive facial hemiatrophy; brain; magnetic resonance; localized sclerodermia

Ressonância magnética do envolvimento cerebral na hemiatrofia facial progressiva (doença de Romberg) reconsideração de uma síndrome

Magnetic resonance of brain involvement in progressive facial hemiatrophy (Romberg's disease): reconsidering a syndrome

K. Terstegge^I; B. Kunath^II; S. Felber^III; J.G. Speciali^IV; M. Beckert^I; H. Henkes^III; N. Hosten^I

^IDepartament of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Freie Universität Berlin (Spandauer Damm 130, 1000 Berlim 19, Deutschland)

^IIKlinik und Poliklinik für Neurologic Medizinische Akademie "Carl Gustav Carus" (Fetscherstrasse 74, D-O-8019 Dresden, Deutschland)

^IIIInstitut für Neuroradiologie, Universitätskliniken der Universität Homburg (D-W-6650 Homburg/Saar, Deutschland)

^IVDepartamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP, Brasil)

RESUMO

A hemiatrofia facial progressiva (HFP) é doença esporádica de etiologia não esclarecida, caracterizada por progressiva atrofia e deformação de um dos lados da face. Os relatos e interpretações de comprometimento do sistema nervoso central na HFP, conforme deduzido pela ocorrência de crises epilépticas em alguns pacientes e pela documentação por pneumencefalografia e CT em pequenas séries de pacientes, são contraditórios. Examinamos três pacientes do sexo feminino com HFP, uma com epilepsia, com o objetivo de obter mais informações sobre a patogênese da doença.

MÉTODOS: Realizamos exames de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de rotina da cabeça e face.

RESULTADOS:Apenas a paciente com epilepsia apresentou achados patológicos no cérebro. Estes eram confinados ao hemisfério homolateral à hemiatrofia facial: dilatação monoventricular, dismorfismo meningo-cortical e alterações na substância branca.

CONCLUSÕES: As alterações morfológicas verificadas à RMN assim como os achados neurorradiológicos e histopatológicos mostrados em revisão da literatura indicaram que a hemiatrofia homolateral é achado típico para um subgrupo de pacientes com HFP, mas não indica um modelo de simples processo atrófico. Reconsideramos a possibilidade de uma meningoencefalite crônica com acometimento vascular como possível causa do ocasional envolvimento cerebral na HFP.

Palavras-chave: hemiatrofia facial progressiva, cérebro, ressonância magnética, esclerodermia localizada da face.

SUMMARY

Progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH) is a sporadic disease of unclear etiology, characterized by shrinking and deformation of one side of the face. Reports and interpretations of CNS involvement in PFH, as deduced from the occurrence of seizures in some patients and documented by pneumoencephalography and CT findings in small series of patients, are contradictory. We examined three female patients with PFH, one with partial epilepsy, with the view to gaining further insight into the pathogenesis of the disease.

METHODS: Routine MR examinations of the head and face were performed.

RESULTS:Only the patient with epilepsy showed pathological findings, confined to the cerebral hemisphere homolateral to the facial hemiatrophy, and including monoventricular enlargement, meningo-cortical dysmorphia and white matter changes. CONCLUSIONS: The MR morphology, and corresponding neuroradiological and histopathological findings disclosed by a review of the literature, indicate that homolateral hemiatrophy is a typical finding for a subgroup of PFH patients, but do not support the model of a simple or nutritive atrophic process. We reconsider chronic localized meningo-encephalitis with vascular involvement as possible underlying cause of the occasional brain involvement in PFH.

Key words:progressive facial hemiatrophy, brain, magnetic resonance, localized sclerodermia.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

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Aceite: 27-juIho-1994.

Dr. K. Terstegge - Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow - Augustenburger Platz 1-13 353 Berlin - Deutschland. Fax (49) (4505) 2078.

1. Abele DC, Bedingfield RB, Chandler FW, Given KS. Progressive facial hemiatropy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) and borreliosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988, 19: 820-825.
2. Archambault LS, Formm NK. Progressive facial hemiatropy: report of three cases. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 1932, 27:529-584.
3. Asher SW, Berg BO. Progressive facial hemiatrophy: report of three cases, including one observed over 43 years,and computed tomography findings. Arch Neurol 1982, 39:44-46.
4. Beer M. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hemiatrophia facialis progressiva. Inaug Dissert Konigsberg i. Pr.: Krause u. Ewerlein 1898, p 38.
5. Bergamini L, Ferraris F, Inghirami L. Osservazioni clinico elettroencefalografiche in pazienti affeti da emiatrofia facciale progressiva com epilessia. Acta Neurol (Napoli) 1964, 19: 1000-1014.
6. Brain R. Diseases of the nervous system. Ed 6. London: Oxford Univ Press, 1962, p 548-552 (originally presented in Ed 2,1940).
7. Cassirer R. Vasomorisch-Trophischen Neurosen. Berlin: Karger, 1912.
8. Chasanow M. Beiträge zur Ätiologie der Hematrophie des Gesichts. Ztschr Ges Neurol Psychiatr 1932, 140: 474-485.
9. Duro LAA, Lima JMB, Reis MM, Silva CV. Atrofia hemifacial progressiva (doença de Parry-Romberg): estudo de um caso. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1982, 40:193-200.
10. Dyke CG, Davidoff LM, Masson CB. Cerebral hemiatrophy with homolateral hypertropy of the skull and sinuses. Surg Gynecol Obstetr 1933, 57: 588-600.
11. Eadie MJ, Sutherland JM, Tyrer JH. The clinical features of hemifacial atrophy. Med J Aust 1963, 50:177-80.
12. Fromhold-Treu A. Die Hemiatrophia facialis progressiva. Inaug Dissert. Dorpat (Jurjew): Schnakenburg's Buchdruckerei 1893, p 78-84.
13. Graff H. Hemiatrophia facialis progressiva verbunden mit neuroparalytischer Ophtalmie. Inaug Dissert. Dorpat (Jurjew): Laakmann, 1886, p 10-15.
14. Homen EA. Zur Kenntnis der Hemiatrophia facialis und des Ursprungs des Nervus trigeminus. Neurolog Centralbl 1890, 9:385-388 & 430-438.
15. Jolly F. Ueber multiple Himsklerose. Arch f Psychiatr Nervenkrankh 1872, 3:711-730.
16. Jurkiewicz MJ, Nahai F. The use of free revascularized grafts in the amelioration of hemifacial atrophy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985, 76: 44-54.
17. Kaufman MD. Masticatory spasm in facial hemiatrophy. Ann Neurol 1980, 7: 585-587.
18. Klene C, Massicot P, Ferriere-Fontane I, Sarlangue J, Fontan D, Guillard JM. Sclerodermie en coup de sabre et hemi-atrophie faciale de Pany-Romberg. Ann Pediatr 1989, 36: 123-125.
19. Kumar F, Agrawal BV, Singh NP, Mukerji M, Edoliya TN. Progressive right hemifacial atrophy with contralateral cerebral hemiatrophy. J Assoc Physicians India 1971, 19: 595-597.
20. Lakhani PK, David TJ. Progressive hemifacial atrophy with scleroderma and ipsilateral limb wasting (Parry-Romberg syndrome). J R Soc Med 1984, 77: 138-139.
21. Lande L. Essai sur l'aplasie lamineuse progressive. These No 278. Paris, 1869.
22. Lande L. Sur une forme d'atrophie paitielle de la face. Arch Gen Med 1870, 15: 315-332.
23. Lederman RJ. Progressive facial and cerebral hemiatrophy. Clev Clin Q 1982, 51:545-548.
24. Lewkonia RM, Lowry RB. Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) report with review of genetics and nosology. Am J Med Genet 1983, 14: 385-390.
25. Loebl H, Wiesel J. Zur Klinik und Anatomie der Hemiatrophia facialis progressiva. Dts Ztschr Nervenheilk 1904, 27: 355-372.
26. Mankowski BN. Zur Pathogenese der Hemiatrophia facialis (Ein Fall von symptomatischer Hemiatrophie nach Enzephalitis epidêmica). Arch Psychiatr 1928, 78:572-580.
27. Mendel E. Zur Lehre von der Hemiatrophia facialis. Neurolog Centralbl 1888, 7:401-414.
28. Merrit KK, Faber HK, Bruch H. Progressive facial hemiatropy: report of two cases with cerebral calcifications. J Pediatr 1937, 10: 374-395.
29. Miller MT, Sloane H, Goldberg MF, Grisolano J, Frenkel M, Mafee M. Progressive hemifacial atrophy. J Pediatr Ophtalmol Strabismmus 1987, 24: 27-36.
30. Mobius PJ. Der umschiriebene Gesichtsschwund. In Nothnagel CWH (ed). Specielle Pathologie und Teraphie, Vol 2, Part 2. Vienna: Holder, 1895.
31. Oesterreich K. Zur Frage der Pathogenese der Hemiatrophia faciei. Nervenarzt 1963, 34:262-265.
32. Paradise JE, Raney B, Whitaker LA. Progressive facial hemiatrophy: report of a case associated with Ewings sarcoma. Am J Dis Child 1980, 134: 1065-1067.
33. Parry CH. Collections from the unpublished medical writings of the late Caleb Hilier Parry. London: Underwoods 1825, p 478-480.
34. Pensler JM, Murphy GF, Mulliken JB. Clinical and ultrastructural studies of Romberg's hemifacial atrophy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990, 85: 669-674.
35. Poch GF, Cordero AA. Algunos conceptos sobre la etiopatogenia de la hemiatrofia facial. Prensa Med Arg 1956, 43: 2945-2949.
36. Rees TD. Facial atrophy. Clin Plast Surg 1976, 3: 637-646.
37. Rischbieth RHC. Progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome). Proc Aust Assoc Neurol 1976, 13: 109-112.
38. Rogers BO. Progressive facial hemiatrophy: Romberg's syndrome. A review of 772 cases. In: Transactions of the third international congress of plastic surgery. Internal Congr Series No 66. Washington: Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1963, p 681-689.
39. Romberg MH. Klinische Ergebnisse. Berlin A: Forstner, 1846, p 75-81.
40. Romberg MH. (ed). Klinische Wahrnehmungen. Berlin: Wilhem Hertz, 1851, p 83-93.
41. Sagild JC, Alving J. Hemiplegic migraine and progressive hemifacial atrophy. Ann Neurol 1985, 17: 620.
42. Sato T, Lima LA, Oliviera MKF. Hemiatrofia facial progressiva: atualização. Neurobiologia (Recife) 1985, 48: 217-226.
43. Sener RN, Jinkins JR. MR of craniocerebral hemiatrophy. Clin Imaging 1992, 16: 93-97.
44. Shanker A, Datye MD, Gagrani SP. Facial hemiatrophy with hemiatrophy of the brain. J Indian Med 1963, 40: 467^69.
45. Speciali JG, Resende LAL. Hemiatrofia facial progressiva: registro de um caso. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1984, 42: 166-170.
46. Stief A. Über eine Fall von Hemiatrophie des Gesichtes mit Sektionsbefund. Zbl Neurol 1925, 45: 574-593.
47. Stiefler G. Über die Hemiatrophia faciei progressiva bilateralis. Jahrb Psychiatr Neurol 1934, 51: 278-292.
48. Tan E, Kurkçüoglu N, Atalag M, Gökoz A, Zileli T. Progressive hemifacial atrophy with localized scleroderma. Eur Neurol 1989, 29: 15-17.
49. Touche M. Deux cas d'hemiatrophie faciale avec autopsie. Rev Neurol 1902, 10: 375-376.
50. Tuffanelli DL, Marmelzat WL, Dorsey CS. Linear scleroderma with hemiatrophy. Dermatologica 1966, 132: 51-58.
51. Wartenberg R. Progressive facial hemiatrophy. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 1945, 54: 75-96.
52. Wartenberg R, Jacob R, Füngfeld A. Zur Klinik und Pathogenese der Hemiatrophia faciei progressiva. Arch f Psychiatr 1925, 74: 602-630.
53. Wolf SM, Verity MA. Neurological complications of progressive facial hemiatrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1974, 37: 997-1004.
54. Zeiss J, Brinker RA. MR imaging of cerebral hemiatrophy. JCAT 1988, 12: 640-643.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
19 Jan 2011
Data do Fascículo
Mar 1995

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Abele DC, Bedingfield RB, Chandler FW, Given KS. Progressive facial hemiatropy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) and borreliosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988, 19: 820-825.

[2] 2. Archambault LS, Formm NK. Progressive facial hemiatropy: report of three cases. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 1932, 27:529-584.

[3] 3. Asher SW, Berg BO. Progressive facial hemiatrophy: report of three cases, including one observed over 43 years,and computed tomography findings. Arch Neurol 1982, 39:44-46.

[4] 4. Beer M. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hemiatrophia facialis progressiva. Inaug Dissert Konigsberg i. Pr.: Krause u. Ewerlein 1898, p 38.

[5] 5. Bergamini L, Ferraris F, Inghirami L. Osservazioni clinico elettroencefalografiche in pazienti affeti da emiatrofia facciale progressiva com epilessia. Acta Neurol (Napoli) 1964, 19: 1000-1014.

[6] 6. Brain R. Diseases of the nervous system. Ed 6. London: Oxford Univ Press, 1962, p 548-552 (originally presented in Ed 2,1940).

[7] 7. Cassirer R. Vasomorisch-Trophischen Neurosen. Berlin: Karger, 1912.

[8] 8. Chasanow M. Beiträge zur Ätiologie der Hematrophie des Gesichts. Ztschr Ges Neurol Psychiatr 1932, 140: 474-485.

[9] 9. Duro LAA, Lima JMB, Reis MM, Silva CV. Atrofia hemifacial progressiva (doença de Parry-Romberg): estudo de um caso. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1982, 40:193-200.

[10] 10. Dyke CG, Davidoff LM, Masson CB. Cerebral hemiatrophy with homolateral hypertropy of the skull and sinuses. Surg Gynecol Obstetr 1933, 57: 588-600.

[11] 11. Eadie MJ, Sutherland JM, Tyrer JH. The clinical features of hemifacial atrophy. Med J Aust 1963, 50:177-80.

[12] 12. Fromhold-Treu A. Die Hemiatrophia facialis progressiva. Inaug Dissert. Dorpat (Jurjew): Schnakenburg's Buchdruckerei 1893, p 78-84.

[13] 13. Graff H. Hemiatrophia facialis progressiva verbunden mit neuroparalytischer Ophtalmie. Inaug Dissert. Dorpat (Jurjew): Laakmann, 1886, p 10-15.

[14] 14. Homen EA. Zur Kenntnis der Hemiatrophia facialis und des Ursprungs des Nervus trigeminus. Neurolog Centralbl 1890, 9:385-388 & 430-438.

[15] 15. Jolly F. Ueber multiple Himsklerose. Arch f Psychiatr Nervenkrankh 1872, 3:711-730.

[16] 16. Jurkiewicz MJ, Nahai F. The use of free revascularized grafts in the amelioration of hemifacial atrophy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985, 76: 44-54.

[17] 17. Kaufman MD. Masticatory spasm in facial hemiatrophy. Ann Neurol 1980, 7: 585-587.

[18] 18. Klene C, Massicot P, Ferriere-Fontane I, Sarlangue J, Fontan D, Guillard JM. Sclerodermie en coup de sabre et hemi-atrophie faciale de Pany-Romberg. Ann Pediatr 1989, 36: 123-125.

[19] 19. Kumar F, Agrawal BV, Singh NP, Mukerji M, Edoliya TN. Progressive right hemifacial atrophy with contralateral cerebral hemiatrophy. J Assoc Physicians India 1971, 19: 595-597.

[20] 20. Lakhani PK, David TJ. Progressive hemifacial atrophy with scleroderma and ipsilateral limb wasting (Parry-Romberg syndrome). J R Soc Med 1984, 77: 138-139.

[21] 21. Lande L. Essai sur l'aplasie lamineuse progressive. These No 278. Paris, 1869.

[22] 22. Lande L. Sur une forme d'atrophie paitielle de la face. Arch Gen Med 1870, 15: 315-332.

[23] 23. Lederman RJ. Progressive facial and cerebral hemiatrophy. Clev Clin Q 1982, 51:545-548.

[24] 24. Lewkonia RM, Lowry RB. Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) report with review of genetics and nosology. Am J Med Genet 1983, 14: 385-390.

[25] 25. Loebl H, Wiesel J. Zur Klinik und Anatomie der Hemiatrophia facialis progressiva. Dts Ztschr Nervenheilk 1904, 27: 355-372.

[26] 26. Mankowski BN. Zur Pathogenese der Hemiatrophia facialis (Ein Fall von symptomatischer Hemiatrophie nach Enzephalitis epidêmica). Arch Psychiatr 1928, 78:572-580.

[27] 27. Mendel E. Zur Lehre von der Hemiatrophia facialis. Neurolog Centralbl 1888, 7:401-414.

[28] 28. Merrit KK, Faber HK, Bruch H. Progressive facial hemiatropy: report of two cases with cerebral calcifications. J Pediatr 1937, 10: 374-395.

[29] 29. Miller MT, Sloane H, Goldberg MF, Grisolano J, Frenkel M, Mafee M. Progressive hemifacial atrophy. J Pediatr Ophtalmol Strabismmus 1987, 24: 27-36.

[30] 30. Mobius PJ. Der umschiriebene Gesichtsschwund. In Nothnagel CWH (ed). Specielle Pathologie und Teraphie, Vol 2, Part 2. Vienna: Holder, 1895.

[31] 31. Oesterreich K. Zur Frage der Pathogenese der Hemiatrophia faciei. Nervenarzt 1963, 34:262-265.

[32] 32. Paradise JE, Raney B, Whitaker LA. Progressive facial hemiatrophy: report of a case associated with Ewings sarcoma. Am J Dis Child 1980, 134: 1065-1067.

[33] 33. Parry CH. Collections from the unpublished medical writings of the late Caleb Hilier Parry. London: Underwoods 1825, p 478-480.

[34] 34. Pensler JM, Murphy GF, Mulliken JB. Clinical and ultrastructural studies of Romberg's hemifacial atrophy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990, 85: 669-674.

[35] 35. Poch GF, Cordero AA. Algunos conceptos sobre la etiopatogenia de la hemiatrofia facial. Prensa Med Arg 1956, 43: 2945-2949.

[36] 36. Rees TD. Facial atrophy. Clin Plast Surg 1976, 3: 637-646.

[37] 37. Rischbieth RHC. Progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome). Proc Aust Assoc Neurol 1976, 13: 109-112.

[38] 38. Rogers BO. Progressive facial hemiatrophy: Romberg's syndrome. A review of 772 cases. In: Transactions of the third international congress of plastic surgery. Internal Congr Series No 66. Washington: Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1963, p 681-689.

[39] 39. Romberg MH. Klinische Ergebnisse. Berlin A: Forstner, 1846, p 75-81.

[40] 40. Romberg MH. (ed). Klinische Wahrnehmungen. Berlin: Wilhem Hertz, 1851, p 83-93.

[41] 41. Sagild JC, Alving J. Hemiplegic migraine and progressive hemifacial atrophy. Ann Neurol 1985, 17: 620.

[42] 42. Sato T, Lima LA, Oliviera MKF. Hemiatrofia facial progressiva: atualização. Neurobiologia (Recife) 1985, 48: 217-226.

[43] 43. Sener RN, Jinkins JR. MR of craniocerebral hemiatrophy. Clin Imaging 1992, 16: 93-97.

[44] 44. Shanker A, Datye MD, Gagrani SP. Facial hemiatrophy with hemiatrophy of the brain. J Indian Med 1963, 40: 467^69.

[45] 45. Speciali JG, Resende LAL. Hemiatrofia facial progressiva: registro de um caso. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1984, 42: 166-170.

[46] 46. Stief A. Über eine Fall von Hemiatrophie des Gesichtes mit Sektionsbefund. Zbl Neurol 1925, 45: 574-593.

[47] 47. Stiefler G. Über die Hemiatrophia faciei progressiva bilateralis. Jahrb Psychiatr Neurol 1934, 51: 278-292.

[48] 48. Tan E, Kurkçüoglu N, Atalag M, Gökoz A, Zileli T. Progressive hemifacial atrophy with localized scleroderma. Eur Neurol 1989, 29: 15-17.

[49] 49. Touche M. Deux cas d'hemiatrophie faciale avec autopsie. Rev Neurol 1902, 10: 375-376.

[50] 50. Tuffanelli DL, Marmelzat WL, Dorsey CS. Linear scleroderma with hemiatrophy. Dermatologica 1966, 132: 51-58.

[51] 51. Wartenberg R. Progressive facial hemiatrophy. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 1945, 54: 75-96.

[52] 52. Wartenberg R, Jacob R, Füngfeld A. Zur Klinik und Pathogenese der Hemiatrophia faciei progressiva. Arch f Psychiatr 1925, 74: 602-630.

[53] 53. Wolf SM, Verity MA. Neurological complications of progressive facial hemiatrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1974, 37: 997-1004.

[54] 54. Zeiss J, Brinker RA. MR imaging of cerebral hemiatrophy. JCAT 1988, 12: 640-643.