Variações nos métodos de aplicação dos herbicidas Diuron e Tripluralin na cultura do algodoeiro

Alves, Aldo; Forster, Reinaldo; Gregori, Romano

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051967000100019

Resumos

Foram estudados os efeitos das variações nos métodos de aplicação dos herbicidas Diuron e Trifluralin na cultura algodoeira, para verificar sua eficiência no combate às ervas daninhas. O tratamento Trifluralin aplicado em pré-plantio incorporado, provocou excelente combate às ervas daninhas gramíneas, porém irrisória redução da população das dicotiledôneas. A aplicação de Trifluralin em pré-plantio incorporado e a de Diuron em pré-emergência, aumentaram consideravelmente a área de contrôle nos dois grupos de ervas más. O tratamento Diuron aplicado em pré-emergência foi bastante efetivo no combate às ervas de "fôlhas largas", enquanto que no combate às gramineas não foi tão eficiente. O incorporação do Diuron, aplicado em pré-plantio, não aumentou a eficiência do produto químico. A redução da dose de Diuron em pré-plantio incorporado ou em pré-emergência não proporcionou combate adequado às ervas más.

1 - An experiment to study the various modalities of the application of the herbicides diuron and trifluralin in cotton plantings was carried out in purple latosol soil, Chapadão series. The two herbicides were applied in various doses and at different times. The most common weeds in the trial area were capim pé-de-galinha (goosegrass), capim carrapicho (sandbur), capim colchão (crabgrass), beldroega (purslane), carraplcho de carneiro, and poaia. 2 - The effectiveness of diuron (1.60 kg/ha), applied pre-planting, was not increased by incorporation into the soil. The control of weeds was efficient, but the yield was inferior to that of plots without incorporation. Of the weeds that survived the treatment, a predominance of grass species was noted. Some of the cotton leaves turned yellow in plots that received this herbicide, but this chlorosis was temporary and the plants regained their normal color within a few weeks. The tolerance of cotton for the treatments did not appear to be affected by the method of application of the herbicides. The method of incorporation in pre-planting was not found to be more advantageous than the pre-emergence treatment. 3 - A reduction in the dosage of diuron (0.80 kg/ha) in pre-pianting, with subsequent incorporation into the soil, did not give adequate control of annual weeds. 4 - The application of trifluralin (1 kg/ha), incorporated in pre-planting, gave excellent control of grass weeds, but the dicotyledonous species were little affected. 5 - A combination of diuron (0.80 kg/ha) and trifluralin (0.5 kg/ha) appears to be practical. The application of trifluralin in pre-planting, incorporated into the soil, and of diuron in pre-emergence, increased considerably the area of control of both groups of weeds. This practice, using two herbicides, offers the following advantages; a) greater variety of weeds controlled; b) a lessening of the opportunity for chlorosis to appear in the cotton by the use of a smaller dosage of diuron; c) a reduced residual effect for the subsequent crops; d) the band application of two products and reduction in cost of applied material; e) the possibility of cultivating between rows without loss of efficiency of the incorporated product. 6 - The treatment with diuron (1.60 kg/ha) applied in pre-emergence was sufficiently effective in the control of broad leaf weeds, while control of grass species was less so. Slight symptoms of phytotoxicity were noted, but these were not sufficient to affect the yield and with further development of the crop they disappeared. The yield from herbicide-treated plots was greater than that from check plots which received manual hoeing.

Variações nos métodos de aplicação dos herbicidas Diuron e Tripluralin na cultura do algodoeiro^* * Trabalho apresentado ao VI Seminário Brasileiro de Herbicidas e Ervas Daninhas, realizado em Sete Lagoas, Estado de Minas Gerais, de 2 a 5 de agôsto de 1966.

Methods of application of the herbicides Diuron and Trifluralin in cotton

Aldo Alves^I; Reinaldo Forster^I; Romano Gregori^II

^IEngenheiros-agrônomos, Estação Experimental "Theodureto de Camargo", Instituto Agronômico

^IIEngenheiro-agrônomo, DuPont do Brasil S. A., Ind. Quím., S. Paulo

SINOPSE

Foram estudados os efeitos das variações nos métodos de aplicação dos herbicidas Diuron e Trifluralin na cultura algodoeira, para verificar sua eficiência no combate às ervas daninhas.

O tratamento Trifluralin aplicado em pré-plantio incorporado, provocou excelente combate às ervas daninhas gramíneas, porém irrisória redução da população das dicotiledôneas.

A aplicação de Trifluralin em pré-plantio incorporado e a de Diuron em pré-emergência, aumentaram consideravelmente a área de contrôle nos dois grupos de ervas más.

O tratamento Diuron aplicado em pré-emergência foi bastante efetivo no combate às ervas de "fôlhas largas", enquanto que no combate às gramineas não foi tão eficiente.

O incorporação do Diuron, aplicado em pré-plantio, não aumentou a eficiência do produto químico.

A redução da dose de Diuron em pré-plantio incorporado ou em pré-emergência não proporcionou combate adequado às ervas más.

SUMMARY

1 - An experiment to study the various modalities of the application of the herbicides diuron and trifluralin in cotton plantings was carried out in purple latosol soil, Chapadão series. The two herbicides were applied in various doses and at different times. The most common weeds in the trial area were capim pé-de-galinha (goosegrass), capim carrapicho (sandbur), capim colchão (crabgrass), beldroega (purslane), carraplcho de carneiro, and poaia.

2 - The effectiveness of diuron (1.60 kg/ha), applied pre-planting, was not increased by incorporation into the soil. The control of weeds was efficient, but the yield was inferior to that of plots without incorporation. Of the weeds that survived the treatment, a predominance of grass species was noted. Some of the cotton leaves turned yellow in plots that received this herbicide, but this chlorosis was temporary and the plants regained their normal color within a few weeks. The tolerance of cotton for the treatments did not appear to be affected by the method of application of the herbicides.

The method of incorporation in pre-planting was not found to be more advantageous than the pre-emergence treatment.

3 - A reduction in the dosage of diuron (0.80 kg/ha) in pre-pianting, with subsequent incorporation into the soil, did not give adequate control of annual weeds.

4 - The application of trifluralin (1 kg/ha), incorporated in pre-planting, gave excellent control of grass weeds, but the dicotyledonous species were little affected.

5 - A combination of diuron (0.80 kg/ha) and trifluralin (0.5 kg/ha) appears to be practical. The application of trifluralin in pre-planting, incorporated into the soil, and of diuron in pre-emergence, increased considerably the area of control of both groups of weeds. This practice, using two herbicides, offers the following advantages; a) greater variety of weeds controlled; b) a lessening of the opportunity for chlorosis to appear in the cotton by the use of a smaller dosage of diuron; c) a reduced residual effect for the subsequent crops; d) the band application of two products and reduction in cost of applied material; e) the possibility of cultivating between rows without loss of efficiency of the incorporated product.

6 - The treatment with diuron (1.60 kg/ha) applied in pre-emergence was sufficiently effective in the control of broad leaf weeds, while control of grass species was less so. Slight symptoms of phytotoxicity were noted, but these were not sufficient to affect the yield and with further development of the crop they disappeared. The yield from herbicide-treated plots was greater than that from check plots which received manual hoeing.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação a 5 de março de 1967.

1. ABRAMIDES, E. As técnicas especiais e os planejamentos mais adequados utilizados nas pesquisas agronômicas de campo. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1964. 10p. (Boletim 147)
2. ARLE, F. H. & HAMILTON, K. C. Chemical control of annual weeds in cotton. Tucson, University of Arizona, 1963. 12p. (Bulletin A-28)
3. HARRIS, V. C. Production of cotton without postemergence cultivation or hand hoeing. State College, Mississippi State University, 1964. 7p. (Bulletin 685)
4. ________; HOLSTURN JR., J. T. & MOORE, C. E. Weed control recommendations for cotton. State College, Mississippi State University, 1964. 12p. (Bulletin 681)
5. LEIDERMAN, L.; LOBATO DOS SANTOS, C. A. & SILVEIRA, R. I. Aplicaçăo de herbicidas em algodăo em tręs regiőes do Estado de Săo Paulo. Biológico, 31(8):168-175, 1965.
6. SAVAGE, K. E. & BARDSLEY, C. E. Relation of lime and pre-emergence herbicides to yield of cotton and weeds. Agronomy Journal, 58:269-271, 1966.

*

Trabalho apresentado ao VI Seminário Brasileiro de Herbicidas e Ervas Daninhas, realizado em Sete Lagoas, Estado de Minas Gerais, de 2 a 5 de agôsto de 1966.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
24 Mar 2009
Data do Fascículo
Jan 1967

Histórico

Recebido
05 Mar 1967

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ABRAMIDES, E. As técnicas especiais e os planejamentos mais adequados utilizados nas pesquisas agronômicas de campo. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1964. 10p. (Boletim 147)

[2] 2. ARLE, F. H. & HAMILTON, K. C. Chemical control of annual weeds in cotton. Tucson, University of Arizona, 1963. 12p. (Bulletin A-28)

[3] 3. HARRIS, V. C. Production of cotton without postemergence cultivation or hand hoeing. State College, Mississippi State University, 1964. 7p. (Bulletin 685)

[4] 4. ________; HOLSTURN JR., J. T. & MOORE, C. E. Weed control recommendations for cotton. State College, Mississippi State University, 1964. 12p. (Bulletin 681)

[5] 5. LEIDERMAN, L.; LOBATO DOS SANTOS, C. A. & SILVEIRA, R. I. Aplicaçăo de herbicidas em algodăo em tręs regiőes do Estado de Săo Paulo. Biológico, 31(8):168-175, 1965.

[6] 6. SAVAGE, K. E. & BARDSLEY, C. E. Relation of lime and pre-emergence herbicides to yield of cotton and weeds. Agronomy Journal, 58:269-271, 1966.