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Levantamento de cafèzais do Estado de São Paulo pela análise química foliar II: Solos Podzolizados de Lins e Marília, Latossolo Roxo e Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo-Orto

Survey of the nutritional condition of the coffee in the State of São Paulo through foliar analyses: II - Podzolized soils of Lins and Marilia, Latosolic B "Terra Roxa" and Ortho-Red Yellow Podzol

Resumos

Em amostras de 134 cafèzais, distribuídos nos principais grupos de solos do Estado de São Paulo, colhidas em três estações do ano, foram determinados 12 elementos químicos essenciais, sódio e alumínio. A percentagem de cafèzais deficientes em nitrogênio foi superior a 80% em todos os solos. No Podzolizado de Lins e Marília, o segundo elemento em falta foi o ferro. No Latossolo Roxo, depois do nitrogênio, a maior deficiência foi a de potássio e zinco; no Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo-Orto, a de boro.


Roughly, coffee fields are distributed on. the main types of soil in the State of São Paulo as follows: Podzolized Soils of Lins and Marilia, 70%; latosolic B "Terra Roxa", 15%; Ortho-Red Yellow Podzol, 10%; other types, 5%. This paper presents and discusses data on foliar analyses of coffee, plants cultivated on the 3 first soil types. It complements a previous survey made on red-yellow ortho podzol. Leaf samples were collected in the spring, summer and fall, from 134 "Mundo Novo" coffee fields. Besides the content of 12 essential elements, amount of Na and Al were also determined in these samples. Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The first 3 elements were determined in a wet digest of 0.5 g of dry plant material with a mixture of HNO3-H2SO4-HC10(4), in a final volume of 20 ml. Determination of Cu, on the other hand, required an extract obtained by dissolving in 10 ml of 0.25N HC1, ashes from 1.25 g of dry leaf tissue, incinerated at 500°C for 2 hours. The same extract used for Fe, Zn and Mn analyses served for Na and Al determination. However, content of Al was estimated by colorimetric method of Aluminon (1) whereas amount of Na was determined by flame emission photometry (2). The remaining elements - N, P, K, Ca Mg, S-S0(4), B and Mo - were determined according to the process described by Lott et al (4, 5). Evaluation of the nutritional condition of the coffee fields in each soil type was based upon the amount of the elements present in the leaf tissue sampled in the summer, compared to the levels considered as critical (4). The results of these evaluations showed a high proportion of plants defficient in nitrogen, in all soil types, indicating the importance of nitrogen fertilization. In Podzolized Soils of Lins and Marilia, attention should be given to Fe, Ca and Zn defficiency; there is also the possibility of toxic effects induced by excess of Mn in such soils. Besides N defficiency, latosolic B "Terra Roxa" had frequently defficiency of K and Zn, while Ortho-Red Yellow Podzol, of boron.


Levantamento de cafèzais do Estado de São Paulo pela análise química foliar II — Solos Podzolizados de Lins e Marília, Latossolo Roxo e Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo-Orto* * Trabalho efetuado com subvenção de "Acôrdo Instituto Brasileiro do Café — Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo". Apresentado ao XII Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo, realizado em Curitiba, Estado do Paraná, de 14 a 26 de julho de 1969.

Survey of the nutritional condition of the coffee in the State of São Paulo through foliar analyses. II — Podzolized soils of Lins and Marilia, Latosolic B "Terra Roxa" and Ortho-Red Yellow Podzol

J. Romano GalloI; Rúter HiroceI; O. C. BatagliaI; F. R. Pupo de MoraesII

IEngenheiros-agrônomos, Seção de Química

IIEngenheiro-agrônomo, Seção de Café, Instituto Agronômico

SINOPSE

Em amostras de 134 cafèzais, distribuídos nos principais grupos de solos do Estado de São Paulo, colhidas em três estações do ano, foram determinados 12 elementos químicos essenciais, sódio e alumínio.

A percentagem de cafèzais deficientes em nitrogênio foi superior a 80% em todos os solos. No Podzolizado de Lins e Marília, o segundo elemento em falta foi o ferro. No Latossolo Roxo, depois do nitrogênio, a maior deficiência foi a de potássio e zinco; no Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo-Orto, a de boro.

SUMMARY

Roughly, coffee fields are distributed on. the main types of soil in the State of São Paulo as follows: Podzolized Soils of Lins and Marilia, 70%; latosolic B "Terra Roxa", 15%; Ortho-Red Yellow Podzol, 10%; other types, 5%. This paper presents and discusses data on foliar analyses of coffee, plants cultivated on the 3 first soil types. It complements a previous survey made on red-yellow ortho podzol.

Leaf samples were collected in the spring, summer and fall, from 134 "Mundo Novo" coffee fields. Besides the content of 12 essential elements, amount of Na and Al were also determined in these samples.

Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The first 3 elements were determined in a wet digest of 0.5 g of dry plant material with a mixture of HNO3-H2SO4-HC104, in a final volume of 20 ml. Determination of Cu, on the other hand, required an extract obtained by dissolving in 10 ml of 0.25N HC1, ashes from 1.25 g of dry leaf tissue, incinerated at 500°C for 2 hours. The same extract used for Fe, Zn and Mn analyses served for Na and Al determination. However, content of Al was estimated by colorimetric method of Aluminon (1) whereas amount of Na was determined by flame emission photometry (2). The remaining elements — N, P, K, Ca Mg, S-S04, B and Mo — were determined according to the process described by Lott et al (4, 5).

Evaluation of the nutritional condition of the coffee fields in each soil type was based upon the amount of the elements present in the leaf tissue sampled in the summer, compared to the levels considered as critical (4). The results of these evaluations showed a high proportion of plants defficient in nitrogen, in all soil types, indicating the importance of nitrogen fertilization. In Podzolized Soils of Lins and Marilia, attention should be given to Fe, Ca and Zn defficiency; there is also the possibility of toxic effects induced by excess of Mn in such soils. Besides N defficiency, latosolic B "Terra Roxa" had frequently defficiency of K and Zn, while Ortho-Red Yellow Podzol, of boron.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 4 de março de 1970.

  • 1. BRAUNER, J. L.; CATANI, R. A. & BITTENCOURT, W. C. Extraçăo e determinaçăo do alumínio trocável do solo. Anais Esc. sup. Agric. "Luiz de Queiroz" 23:53-73, 1966.
  • 2. GALLO, J. R. A determinaçăo do sódio por fotometria de chama, sua aplicaçăo em análise foliar. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1958. 16p. (Bol. 106)
  • 3. ________; HIROCE, R.; COELHO, F. A. S. & TOLEDO, S. V. Levantamento do estado nutricional de cafčzais de Săo Paulo, pela análise foliar. I Solo massapé-salmourăo. Bragantia 26:103-108, 1967.
  • 4. LOTT, W. L.; McCLUNG, A. C; VITA, R. & GALLO, J. R. Levantamento de cafčzais em Săo Paulo e Paraná pela análise foliar. Săo Paulo, Instituto de Pesquisas IRI, 1961. 69p. (Boi. 26)
  • 5. ________; NERY, J. P.; GALLO, J. R. & MEDCALF. J. C. A técnica de análise foliar aplicada ao cafeeiro. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1965. 29p. (Bol. 79)
  • *
    Trabalho efetuado com subvenção de "Acôrdo Instituto Brasileiro do Café — Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo". Apresentado ao XII Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo, realizado em Curitiba, Estado do Paraná, de 14 a 26 de julho de 1969.
  • Datas de Publicação

    • Publicação nesta coleção
      18 Mar 2009
    • Data do Fascículo
      Jan 1970

    Histórico

    • Recebido
      04 Mar 1970
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