Diferenças entre linhagens de milho cultivadas em solução nutritiva quanto à absorção e utilização de nitrogenio

Furlani, Angela Maria Cangiani; Bataglia, Onaino Cleante; Lima, Marlene

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051985000200009

Resumos

Foram conduzidos dois ensaios em casa de vegetação, no período de outubro de 1982 a fevereiro de 1983, no Centro Experimental de Campinas, para o estudo diferencial de trinta e nove linhagens de milho (Zea mays L.) quanto ao crescimento, absorção e utilização de N, em solução nutritiva. No primeiro ensaio, cinco linhagens foram cultivadas com 30, 60, 120, 180 e 240 mg/litro de N, em vasos de 2,8 litros, até aos trinta dias de idade, a fim de se definir o nível mais adequado para diferenciação das plantas. No segundo ensaio, as linhagens foram selecionadas com 120 mg/litro de N, no mesmo sistema de crescimento. Ambos os ensaios foram dispostos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As soluções nutritivas, continuamente arejadas, não foram renovadas e o pH foi periodicamente reajustado para o valor inicial (5,0), durante os experimentos. Observaram-se diferenças entre as linhagens na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, nos teores de N, nos conteúdos totais de N e nas relações de eficiência (matéria seca produzida por unidade de N absorvida). A variação nos conteúdos totais de N (CV das médias =8,7%) foi correlacionada com os pesos de matéria seca total (r= 0,87). A variação nas relações de eficiência (CV das médias = 16,1%) também foi correlacionada com os pesos de matéria seca total (r = 0,92). Portanto, os processos de absorção e de utilização de N limitaram o desenvolvimento das plantas, sendo, entretanto, este último, o principal fator de variação entre as linhagens. Estas foram classificadas de acordo com a produção de matéria seca total em eficientes, medianamente eficientes e ineficientes.

nitrogênio; milho; eficiência; absorção de N; utilização de N; solução nutritiva; seleção de plantas

Two experiments were conducted in nutrient solutions, in a greenhouse, during the period of October/1982 to February/1983, in the Experimental Station of Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The objective was to study the differences among thirty nine corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines in relation to N uptake and use under low N conditions. At first, five corn inbred lines were grown in 2,8 liter pots with different N levels in the nutrient solutions: 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 N/liter. In a second trial thirty nine inbred lines were tested in nutrient solutions with 120mg N/liter, in the same growth system and similar growth conditions. The solutions were continuously aerated and the initial pH was 5.0. The pH was readjusted periodically throughout the experiments. The plants were allowed to grow without N reposition up to 30 days of age, when N deficiency symptoms appeared in the leaeves. Differences among lines were observed for top and root dry matter yields, for N concentrations, N contents, and efficiency ratios (dry matter produced per unit N absorbed). The N contents and the effìciency ratios averages followed, proportionally, lhe variation observed for dry matter yields, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.87 and 0.92, and coefficients of variation of means (CV) of 8.7 and 16.1%, respectivelly. This indicated that both processes, absorption and use, varied among genotypes, but the mechanism of N use, appeared to be the main cause for the differential growth of the genotypes. The inbred lines were ranked and classified based on the plant dry matter data.

nitrogen; corn; efficiency; N uptake; N use; nutrient solution; plant selection

ARTIGOS

Diferenças entre linhagens de milho cultivadas em solução nutritiva quanto à absorção e utilização de nitrogenio¹ 1 Com auxilio da FINEP. Apresentado na XVI Reunião Brasileira de Fertilidade do Solo, Itabuna (BA), 22-27/7/84.

Differences in nitrogen uptake and use of corn inbred lines grown in nutrient solutions

Angela Maria Cangiani Furlani^I, ² 2 Com bolsa de suplementação do CNPq. ; Onaino Cleante Bataglia^I,² 2 Com bolsa de suplementação do CNPq. ; Marlene Lima^II

^ISeção de Fertilidade do Solo e Nutrição de Plantas, IAC, CP 28, 13100 Campinas (SP)

^IISeção de Genética, IAC

RESUMO

Foram conduzidos dois ensaios em casa de vegetação, no período de outubro de 1982 a fevereiro de 1983, no Centro Experimental de Campinas, para o estudo diferencial de trinta e nove linhagens de milho (Zea mays L.) quanto ao crescimento, absorção e utilização de N, em solução nutritiva. No primeiro ensaio, cinco linhagens foram cultivadas com 30, 60, 120, 180 e 240 mg/litro de N, em vasos de 2,8 litros, até aos trinta dias de idade, a fim de se definir o nível mais adequado para diferenciação das plantas. No segundo ensaio, as linhagens foram selecionadas com 120 mg/litro de N, no mesmo sistema de crescimento. Ambos os ensaios foram dispostos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As soluções nutritivas, continuamente arejadas, não foram renovadas e o pH foi periodicamente reajustado para o valor inicial (5,0), durante os experimentos. Observaram-se diferenças entre as linhagens na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, nos teores de N, nos conteúdos totais de N e nas relações de eficiência (matéria seca produzida por unidade de N absorvida). A variação nos conteúdos totais de N (CV das médias =8,7%) foi correlacionada com os pesos de matéria seca total (r= 0,87). A variação nas relações de eficiência (CV das médias = 16,1%) também foi correlacionada com os pesos de matéria seca total (r = 0,92). Portanto, os processos de absorção e de utilização de N limitaram o desenvolvimento das plantas, sendo, entretanto, este último, o principal fator de variação entre as linhagens. Estas foram classificadas de acordo com a produção de matéria seca total em eficientes, medianamente eficientes e ineficientes.

Termos de indexação: nitrogênio; milho; eficiência; absorção de N; utilização de N; solução nutritiva; seleção de plantas.

SUMMARY

Two experiments were conducted in nutrient solutions, in a greenhouse, during the period of October/1982 to February/1983, in the Experimental Station of Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The objective was to study the differences among thirty nine corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines in relation to N uptake and use under low N conditions. At first, five corn inbred lines were grown in 2,8 liter pots with different N levels in the nutrient solutions: 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 N/liter. In a second trial thirty nine inbred lines were tested in nutrient solutions with 120mg N/liter, in the same growth system and similar growth conditions. The solutions were continuously aerated and the initial pH was 5.0. The pH was readjusted periodically throughout the experiments. The plants were allowed to grow without N reposition up to 30 days of age, when N deficiency symptoms appeared in the leaeves. Differences among lines were observed for top and root dry matter yields, for N concentrations, N contents, and efficiency ratios (dry matter produced per unit N absorbed). The N contents and the effìciency ratios averages followed, proportionally, lhe variation observed for dry matter yields, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.87 and 0.92, and coefficients of variation of means (CV) of 8.7 and 16.1%, respectivelly. This indicated that both processes, absorption and use, varied among genotypes, but the mechanism of N use, appeared to be the main cause for the differential growth of the genotypes. The inbred lines were ranked and classified based on the plant dry matter data.

Index terms: nitrogen, corn, efficiency, N uptake, N use, nutrient solution, plant selection.

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Recebido para publicação em 12 de junho de 1984.

ALAGARSWAMY, G. & BIDINGER, F.R. Nitrogen uptake and utilization by Pearl Millet (Pennisetum amencanum L. Leeke). In: INTERNATIONAL PLANT NUTRITION COLLOQUIUM, 9., Coventry, UK, 1982. Proceedings. p. 12-16.
BAKER, D.E.; JARREL, A.E.; MARSHALL, L.E. & THOMAS, N.I. Phosphorus uptake from soils by corn hybrids selected for high and low phosphorus accumulation. Agronomy Journal, 62:103-106, 1970.
BATAGLIA, O.C.; TEIXEIRA, J.P.F.; FURLANI, P.R; FURLANI, A.M.C. & GALLO, J.R. Análise química de plantas. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1983. 48p. (Boletim técnico, 78)
BERNARDO, L.M., CLARK, R.B. & MARANVILLE, J.W. Effect of nitrate/ ammonium ratios on nutrient solution pH, nitrogen uptake, and drymatter yields of sorghum. Agronomy Abstracts, 74:92, 1982.
CLARK, R.B. Nutrient solution growth of sorghum and corn in mineral nutrition studies. Journal Plant Nutrition, 5:1039-1057, 1982.
^__________ & BROWN. J.C. Differential mineral uptake by maize inbreds. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 5:213-227, 1974.
EPSTEIN, E. & JEFFERIES, R.L. The genetic basis of selective ion transport in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 15:169-184, 1964.
FLEMING, A.L. Ammonium uptake by wheat varieties differing in Al tolerance. Agronomy Journal, 75:726-730, 1983.
FRANÇA, G.E. de. Differences in dry matter yield and the uptake, distribution and use of nitrogen by sorghum genotypes. Lincoln, University of Nebraska, 1981. 95p. Dissertation (Ph.D.)
FURLANI, A.M.C., BATAGLIA, O.C. & LIMA, M. Eficiência de linhagens de milho na absorção e/ou utilização de fósforo, a baixo nível, em solução nutritiva. Bragantia, Campinas, 44(1): 129-147, 1985.
GABELMAN, W.H. Genetic potentials in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium efficiencies. In: WORKSHOP ON PLANT ADAPTATION TO MINERAL STRESS IN PROBLEM SOILS, Beltsville, Maryland, 1976, edited by M.J. Wright -Proceedings. Ithaca, NY, CornellUniversity Agricultural Experimental Station, 1976. p.205-212.
GERLOFF, G.C. Plant efficiencies in the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In: WORKSHOP ON PLANT ADAPTATION TO MINERAL STRESS IN PROBLEM SOILS, Beltsville, Maryland, 1976, edited by M.J. Wright - Proceedings. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, 1976. p.161-173.
HIATT, A.J. & LEGGETT, J.E. Ionic interactions and antagonism in plants. In: CARLSON, E.W., ed. The plant root and its environment. Charlottesville, University Press of Virgínia, 1974. p.101-134.
HUCKLESBY, D.P.; BROWN, C.M.; HOWELL, S.E. & HAGEMAN, R.H. Late spring applications of nitrogen for efficient utilization and enhanced production of grain and protein of wheat. Agronomy Journal, 63:274-277,1971.
LINDGREN, D.T.; GABELMAN, W.H. & GERLOFF, G.C. Variability of Phosphorus uptake and translocation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. under phosphorus stress. Journal ot the American Society for Horticultural Science, 102:674-677,1977.
MARANVILLE, J.W.; CLARK, R.B. & ROSS, W.M. Nitrogen efficiency in grain sorghum. Journal of Nutrition, 2(5):577-589, 1980.
NIELSEN, N.E. & BARBER, S.A. Differences among genotypes of corn in the kinetics of P uptake. Agronomy Journal, 70:695-698, 1978.
O'SULLIVAN, J.; GABELMAN, W.H. & GERLOFF, G.C. Variations in efficiency of nitrogen utilization in tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) grown under nitrogen stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 99:543-547, 1974.
POLLMER, W.G.; EBERHARD, D.; KLEIN, D. & DHILLON, B.S. Genetic control of nitrogen uptake and translocation in maize. Crop Science, 19(1):82-86, 1979.

1

Com auxilio da FINEP. Apresentado na XVI Reunião Brasileira de Fertilidade do Solo, Itabuna (BA), 22-27/7/84.

2

Com bolsa de suplementação do CNPq.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
17 Dez 2007
Data do Fascículo
1985

Histórico

Recebido
12 Jun 1984

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ALAGARSWAMY, G. & BIDINGER, F.R. Nitrogen uptake and utilization by Pearl Millet (Pennisetum amencanum L. Leeke). In: INTERNATIONAL PLANT NUTRITION COLLOQUIUM, 9., Coventry, UK, 1982. Proceedings. p. 12-16.

[2] BAKER, D.E.; JARREL, A.E.; MARSHALL, L.E. & THOMAS, N.I. Phosphorus uptake from soils by corn hybrids selected for high and low phosphorus accumulation. Agronomy Journal, 62:103-106, 1970.

[3] BATAGLIA, O.C.; TEIXEIRA, J.P.F.; FURLANI, P.R; FURLANI, A.M.C. & GALLO, J.R. Análise química de plantas. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1983. 48p. (Boletim técnico, 78)

[4] BERNARDO, L.M., CLARK, R.B. & MARANVILLE, J.W. Effect of nitrate/ ammonium ratios on nutrient solution pH, nitrogen uptake, and drymatter yields of sorghum. Agronomy Abstracts, 74:92, 1982.

[5] CLARK, R.B. Nutrient solution growth of sorghum and corn in mineral nutrition studies. Journal Plant Nutrition, 5:1039-1057, 1982.

[6] ^__________ & BROWN. J.C. Differential mineral uptake by maize inbreds. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 5:213-227, 1974.

[7] EPSTEIN, E. & JEFFERIES, R.L. The genetic basis of selective ion transport in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 15:169-184, 1964.

[8] FLEMING, A.L. Ammonium uptake by wheat varieties differing in Al tolerance. Agronomy Journal, 75:726-730, 1983.

[9] FRANÇA, G.E. de. Differences in dry matter yield and the uptake, distribution and use of nitrogen by sorghum genotypes. Lincoln, University of Nebraska, 1981. 95p. Dissertation (Ph.D.)

[10] FURLANI, A.M.C., BATAGLIA, O.C. & LIMA, M. Eficiência de linhagens de milho na absorção e/ou utilização de fósforo, a baixo nível, em solução nutritiva. Bragantia, Campinas, 44(1): 129-147, 1985.

[11] GABELMAN, W.H. Genetic potentials in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium efficiencies. In: WORKSHOP ON PLANT ADAPTATION TO MINERAL STRESS IN PROBLEM SOILS, Beltsville, Maryland, 1976, edited by M.J. Wright -Proceedings. Ithaca, NY, CornellUniversity Agricultural Experimental Station, 1976. p.205-212.

[12] GERLOFF, G.C. Plant efficiencies in the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In: WORKSHOP ON PLANT ADAPTATION TO MINERAL STRESS IN PROBLEM SOILS, Beltsville, Maryland, 1976, edited by M.J. Wright - Proceedings. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, 1976. p.161-173.

[13] HIATT, A.J. & LEGGETT, J.E. Ionic interactions and antagonism in plants. In: CARLSON, E.W., ed. The plant root and its environment. Charlottesville, University Press of Virgínia, 1974. p.101-134.

[14] HUCKLESBY, D.P.; BROWN, C.M.; HOWELL, S.E. & HAGEMAN, R.H. Late spring applications of nitrogen for efficient utilization and enhanced production of grain and protein of wheat. Agronomy Journal, 63:274-277,1971.

[15] LINDGREN, D.T.; GABELMAN, W.H. & GERLOFF, G.C. Variability of Phosphorus uptake and translocation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. under phosphorus stress. Journal ot the American Society for Horticultural Science, 102:674-677,1977.

[16] MARANVILLE, J.W.; CLARK, R.B. & ROSS, W.M. Nitrogen efficiency in grain sorghum. Journal of Nutrition, 2(5):577-589, 1980.

[17] NIELSEN, N.E. & BARBER, S.A. Differences among genotypes of corn in the kinetics of P uptake. Agronomy Journal, 70:695-698, 1978.

[18] O'SULLIVAN, J.; GABELMAN, W.H. & GERLOFF, G.C. Variations in efficiency of nitrogen utilization in tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) grown under nitrogen stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 99:543-547, 1974.

[19] POLLMER, W.G.; EBERHARD, D.; KLEIN, D. & DHILLON, B.S. Genetic control of nitrogen uptake and translocation in maize. Crop Science, 19(1):82-86, 1979.