Catalogue of Syringogastridae (Diptera, Diopsoidea)

Abstract

The catalogue of the Syringogastridae is updated, including now 21 extant species and two fossil records, all belonging to the genus Syringogaster Cresson. References to all known bibliography are given, totaling 27 records. A full list of the type-series and distribution records are also presented.

Key-Words.
List of species; Neotropical region; Taxonomy; Type material

INTRODUCTION

The Syringogastridae Prado comprises only a single genus of ant-like flies, Syringogaster Cresson (Fig. 1), with 21 described extant species and two fossils. Syringogastrids occur throughout tropical areas of the Neotropical Region - with exception of the Antilles, from which they are known only by the fossil - reaching from borders of neotropics in Mexico (S. subnearctica Feijen) south to Misiones, Argentina (an unassociated female similar to S. carioca Prado). The species can be found in lowland tropical forests from sea level to medium elevations (800 m), but occasionally they may be found up to 1,450 m (Marshall et al., 2009).

Figures 1-2
Syringogaster papaveroi Prado, holotype: (1) habitus; (2) labels.

Syringogastrids flies can be recognized by the petiolate abdomen, the long and collar-like prothorax, a swollen and spinose hind femur, and reduced head chaetotaxy (Marshall et al., 2009; Marshall & Buck, 2010) (Fig. 1). The biology is basically unknown. Some species were observed in presumably mating aggregations on the upper surfaces of broadleaved foliage and feeding in extrafloral nectaries - females observed had swollen abdomens, possibly replete with honeydew (Marshall et al., 2009). Papavero (1964) described syringogastrids on leaves walking and moving similar to ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex Lund occurring on the same leaf surfaces, and Marshall & Buck (2010) noticed syringogastrids occuring in foliages with Globopeza Marshall and Metasphen Frey (Micropezidae), all three myrmecomimicring. No elaborated courtship is known occurring in the family. Feijen (1989) and Meier & Hilger (2000) provided some information about egg morphology, but larva and pupa still remain unknown.

The systematics of the family follows: Cresson (1912) erected Syringogaster to two species and placed the genus within the Psilidae. Curran (1934) classified Syringogaster tentatively in the Megamerinidae, an opinion shared by Brues & Melander (1932), Brues et al. (1954) and Hennig (1958). Prado (1969), based in the principles of the phylogenetic systematics, erected the family Syringogastridae for Syringogaster and described six species from Brazil, a view shared by later authors (Griffiths, 1972; Hennig, 1973; J. McAlpine, 1989; D. McAlpine, 1997). Feijen (1983, 1989) described one species and placed Syringogastridae as sister-group of Centrioncidae (sensu Feijen), but this viewpoint was strongly rejected based in morphological and molecular data (D. McAlpine, 1997; Meier & Hilger, 2000) - in truth, Syringogastridae is the sister-group of Diopsidae [Diopsinae + Centrioncinae] (Marshall, 2012). Marshall et al. (2009) reviewed the entirely family under a systematic approach and added 11 extant species and two fossils. Rafael et al. (2011) added one extant species more.

The family is currently classified in groups and subgroups according the phylogenetic relationships (Marshall et al., 2009; Rafael et al., 2011): brunnea-group, with brunnea-subgroup [S. brunnea Cresson, S. carioca Prado and S. subnearctica Feijen], brunneina-subgroup [S. brunneina Marshall & Buck, S. cressoni Prado, S. lopesi Prado, S. palenque Marshall & Buck and S. sharkeyi Marshall & Buck] and S. nigrithorax Marshall & Buck; the fossil craigi-group [S. craigi Gaimari and S. miocenecus Gaimari]; figurata-group, with figurata-subgroup [S. atricalyx Marshall & Buck, S. figurata Marshall & Buck, S. plesioterga Marshall & Buck and certainly S. amazonensis Prado] and S. dactylopleura Marshall & Buck; rufa-group, with lanei-subgroup [S. lanei Prado and S. papaveroi Prado] and rufa-subgroup [S. apiculata Marshall & Buck, S. brachypecta Marshall & Buck, S. rufa Cresson and S. tenuipes Marshall & Buck] and S. fapeam Rafael, Câmara & Holanda.

This catalogue updates the previously of Prado (1975, 8 spp.) including now 23 species names in total, till the deadline of August 1^st of 2017.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The abbreviations and symbols used in the text follow: cat. (catalogue), char. (characterization); desc. (description), fig./figs. (figure/figures), ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature), phyl. (phylogeny), pl./pls. (plate/plates), orig. des. (by original designation), redesc. (redescription), Refs. (references), † (fossil species). The type-series is listed in full. Taxonomic and systematics literature are given. Distribution records are listed by country, in alphabetical order, with respective provinces, departments and states in parentheses.

The acronyms of the museums and collections cited are: AMNH - American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA; ANSP - Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; CAS - California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA; CBFC - Colección Boliviana de Fauna, La Paz, Bolivia; CNCI - Canadian National Collection of Insects and Arachnids, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CSCA - California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, California, USA; DEBU - University of Guelph Insect Collection, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; FIOC - Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; INBC - Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica; INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil; LACM - Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA; MUSM - Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; MZUSP - Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; QCAZ - Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; ROME - Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; SMTD - Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany; UASC - Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; USNM - National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA; UWIC - Insect Collection of the Department of Biological Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

This catalogue follows the alphabetic order to species and references to groups and subgroups are listed after them.

Catalogue

Syringogastridae Prado, 1969

SyringogastridaePrado, 1969: 4 (desc.), 23 (taxonomy, relationships), 31 (phylogenetic scheme). Type-genus: SyringogasterCresson, 1912. Refs. - Griffiths, 1972: 168-169 (systematics), 268 (key); Hennig, 1973: 15 (key), 53 (diagnosis); Prado, 1975: 1-2 (cat.); Feijen, 1983: 3-137 (systematics, sister-group of Centrioncidae sensu Feijen); Feijen, 1989: 1-122 (systematics, char.); J. McAlpine, 1989: 1431 (fig. 116.2, cladogram), 1432-1436 (systematics); D. McAlpine, 1997: 167-194 (systematics), 184 (key); Meier & Hilger, 2000: 1-36 (systematics, sister-group of Diopsidae); Prado & Papavero, 2002: 1 (cat., Amazon); Marshall et al., 2009: 1-80 (review); Buck et al., 2009: 137 (key); Marshall & Buck, 2010: 843-846 (manual); Marshall, 2012: 346-348 (char.), 590 (key); Rung, 2016: 558-560 (cat., Colombia).

Syringogaster Cresson, 1912

SyringogasterCresson, 1912: 392. Type-species: S. rufa Cresson, 1912 (orig. des.). Refs. - Cresson, 1912: 392 (desc., in Psilidae); Brues & Melander, 1932: 328 (fig.), 329 (key, in Megamerinidae); Curran, 1934: 26 (key), 373 (in Megamerinidae; figs.); Brues et al., 1954: 368 (fig.), 369 (key, in Megamerinidae); Hennig 1958: 568 (systematics, in Megamerinidae); Hennig, 1965: 51-52 (notes); Roback, 1969: 522 (cat.); Prado, 1975: 1 (cat.); D. McAlpine 1997: 190-194 (figs.); Marshall et al., 2009: 15 (redesc.); D. McAlpine, 2011: 148-149 (figs.); Rung, 2016: 558-560 (cat.).

amazonensisPrado, 1969: 12. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Estrada Belém-Bragança, km 100. Distr. - Brazil (Pará). Holotype ♀, FIOC. Refs. - Prado, 1969: 6 (key), 9 (fig.), 12 (desc.), 13 (fig.); Prado, 1975: 1 (cat.); Prado & Papavero, 2002: 1 (cat.); Marshall et al., 2009: 18 (key, notes), 19 (distr. map).

apiculataMarshall & Buck, 2009: 20 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Ecuador, Departamento Orellana, near Yasuní National Park, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37’55”S, 76°08’39”W, 220-250 m. Distr. - Brazil (Amazonas), Ecuador (Napo, Orellana), Peru (Madre de Díos). Holotype ♂, USNM. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 18 (key), 19 (distr. map), 20 (desc.), 21 (figs.), 58 (pl.); Rafael et al., 2011: 32 (new records), 33 (fig., phyl.).

atricalyxMarshall & Buck, 2009: 22 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Heath River Wildlife Centre, 12°40’S, 68°42’W. Distr. - Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz), Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará), Ecuador (Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbíos), Peru (Huánuco, Loreto, Madre de Díos). Holotype ♂, UASC. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 13 (fig., phyl.), 18 (key), 19 (distr. map), 22 (desc.), 23 (figs.), 34 (pl.), 58 (pl.), 67-68 (pls.); Rafael et al., 2011: 32 (new records), 33 (fig., phyl.); Marshall, 2012: 475 (fig.).

brachypectaMarshall & Buck, 2009: 25 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Ecuador Napo, Jatun Sacha Reserve, 6 km E Misahuallí, 450 m, 01°04’S, 77°37’W. Distr. - Ecuador (Napo, Orellana, Sucumbíos), Peru (Madre de Díos). Holotype ♂, QCAZ. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 18 (key), 19 (distr. map), 25 (desc.), 26 (figs.), 58 (pl.), 67-68 (pls.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (fig., phyl.).

brunneaCresson, 1912: 394. Type locality: Costa Rica, Peralta Station. Distr. - Colombia (Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica (Cartago, Heredia, Puntarenas), Ecuador (Guayas), Guatemala (Izabal), Panama (Panamá, Coclé). Holotype ♀, ANSP. Refs. - Cresson, 1912: 394 (desc.); Roback, 1969: 530 (cat., type material); Prado, 1969: 22 (notes); Prado, 1975: 1 (cat.); Buck et al., 2009: 128 (fig.); Marshall et al., 2009: 13 (fig., phyl.), 17 (key), 19 (distr. map), 28 (redesc.), 29 (figs.), 34 (pl.), 45 (pl.); Marshall & Buck, 2010: 843 (fig.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (fig., phyl.); Rung, 2016: 559 (cat.).

brunneinaMarshall & Buck, 2009: 30 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Trinidad, Arima, Windblow Ridge, Simla House, 2000. Distr. - Colombia (Amazonas, Caldas, Córdoba, Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica (Cartago, Higuito, Limón, Puntarenas, San José), Guatemala (Izabal), Nicaragua (Matagalpa), Panama (Chiriquí, Colón, Panamá Oeste), Suriname (Commewijne), Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad), Venezuela (Carabobo, Miranda, Sucre). Holotype ♂, DEBU. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 13 (fig., phyl.), 17 (key), 19 (distr. map), 30 (desc.), 33 (figs.), 34 (pl.), 45 (pl.), 67 (pl.); Marshall & Buck, 2010: 844 (figs.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (fig., phyl.); Marshall, 2012: 475 (fig.); Rung, 2016: 559 (cat.).

cariocaPrado, 1969: 20. Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Grajaú. Distr. - Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Napo), Peru (Huánuco, Ucayali), Suriname (Sipaliwini), Venezuela (Monagas). Holotype ♂, FIOC. Refs. - Prado, 1969: 6 (key), 9 (fig.), 20 (desc.), 21 (figs.); Prado, 1975: 1 (cat.); Marshall et al., 2009: 17 (key), 19 (distr. map), 35 (redesc.), 36 (figs.), 45 (pl.), 74 (pl.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (fig., phyl.).

† craigi Grimaldi, 2009: 75 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Dominican Republic [amber] (specific locality unknown). Distr. - Dominican Republic (Miocene). Holotype ♂, AMNH. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 75 (desc.), 76 (figs.), 77 (fig.), 78 (pl.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (fig., phyl.).

cressoniPrado, 1969: 18. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Fazenda Velha. Distr. - Bolivia (La Paz), Brazil (Pará), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo), Peru (Cuzco, Huánuco, Lima), Suriname (Sipaliwini). Holotype ♂, FIOC. Refs. - Cresson, 1914: 26 (male desc., fig.); Hennig, 1958: 542 (fig., as S. brunnea); Prado, 1969: 6 (key), 9 (fig.), 17 (figs.), 18 (desc.); Prado, 1975: 1 (cat.); Prado & Papavero, 2002: 1 (cat.); Marshall et al., 2009: 17 (key), 19 (distr. map), 37 (redesc.), 38 (figs.), 45 (pl.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (fig., phyl.).

dactylopleuraMarshall & Buck, 2009: 40 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Arroyo Tuhiri, 5 km W Mapiri, 508 m, 15°17.8’S, 68°15.6’W. Distr. - Bolivia (La Paz), Ecuador (Napo, Orellana), Peru (Huánuco, Madre de Díos). Holotype ♂, CBFC. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 13 (fig., phyl.), 17 (key), 19 (distr. map), 40 (desc.), 42 (figs.), 58 (pl.), 67-68 (pls.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (fig., phyl.); Marshall, 2012: 475 (fig.).

fapeamRafael, Câmara & Holanda, 2011: 27. Type locality: Brasil, Amazonas, Barcelos, Rio Padauari, Comunidade Ararinha, 00°30’18”N, 64°03’30”W. Distr. - Brazil (Amazonas). Holotype ♂, INPA. Refs. - Rafael et al., 2011: 27 (desc.), 28 (figs.), 29 (key), 33 (phyl.).

figurataMarshall & Buck, 2009: 43 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Osa Península, 2.5 km S Rincón, ~50 m, 08°42’01”N, 83°30’50”W. Distr. - Costa Rica (Higuito, San José, Puntarenas). Holotype ♂, INBC. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 18 (key), 43 (desc.), 44 (figs.), 50 (distr. map), 58 (pl.), 74 (pl.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

laneiPrado, 1969: 6. Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Barueri. Distr. - Bolivia (La Paz), Brazil (São Paulo). Holotype ♂, MZUSP. Refs. - Prado, 1969: 6 (key, desc.), 7 (fig.), 9 (fig.), 11 (figs.); Griffiths, 1972: 166 (notes); Prado, 1975: 1 (cat.); Marshall et al., 2009: 17 (key), 19 (distr. map), 47 (redesc.); Mello & Lamas, 2011: 188 (cat., type-material); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

lopesiPrado, 1969: 14. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Salvador. Distr. - Bolivia (La Paz), Brazil (Bahia, Pernambuco). Holotype ♂, FIOC. Refs. - Prado, 1969: 6 (key), 7 (fig.), 9 (fig.), 14 (desc.), 15 (figs.); Prado, 1975: 1 (cat.); Marshall et al., 2009: 17 (key), 45 (pl.), 48 (redesc.), 50 (distr. map); Mello & Lamas, 2011: 189 (cat., type-material); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

† miocenecus Grimaldi, 2009: 71 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Dominican Republic [amber] (specific locality unknown). Distr. - Dominican Republic (Miocene). Holotype ♀, AMNH. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 71 (desc.), 73 (figs.), 77 (figs.), 78 (pl.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

nigrithoraxMarshall & Buck, 2009: 50 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Ecuador, Departamento Orellana, near Yasuní Natl. Pk., Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37’55”S, 76°08’39”W, 220-250 m. Distr. - Ecuador (Orellana). Holotype ♂, USNM. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 17 (key), 50 (fig.), 52 (figs.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

palenqueMarshall & Buck, 2009: 53 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Ecuador, Província Pichincha, 47 km S Sto. Domingo, Río Palenque Biological Station, 250 m. Distr. - Colombia (Córdoba), Ecuador (Guayas, Pichincha). Holotype ♀, DEBU. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 17 (key), 19 (distr. map), 45 (pl.), 54 (figs.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.); Rung, 2016: 559 (cat.).

papaveroiPrado, 1969: 10. Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Barueri. Distr. - Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo). Holotype ♂, MZUSP (Figs. 1-2). Refs. - Prado, 1969: 6 (key), 7 (figs.), 9 (fig.), 10 (desc.), 13 (figs.), 23 (fig.); Prado, 1975: 1 (cat.); D. McAlpine, 1997: 191-192 (figs.), 194 (fig.); Marshall et al., 2009: 18 (key), 50 (distr. map), 55 (notes); Mello & Lamas, 2011: 189 (cat., type-material); Rafael et al., 2011: 29 (key, redesc.), 30 (figs.), 33 (phyl.). Remarks: Syringogaster papaveroi was described as Stylogaster papaveroi, a lapsus calami (article 32.5, ICZN; Feijen, 1989). The species was correctly spelled on pages 1, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13 and 23 (Marshall et al., 2009), in Prado (1975) and so on.

plesiotergaMarshall & Buck, 2009: 56 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Ecuador, Pto. Orellana, Río Tiputini, 00°38.2’S, 76°08.9’W. Distr. - Ecuador (Napo, Orellana), Peru (Huánuco, Madre de Díos, Pasco). Holotype ♂, USNM. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 18 (key), 50 (distr. map), 56 (desc.), 57 (figs.), 58 (pl.), 67-68 (pls.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

rufaCresson, 1912: 393. Type locality: Costa Rica, Surubres River, Bonnefil farm, 800’. Distr. - Costa Rica (Alajuela, Heredia, Puntarenas), Panama (Panamá Oeste), Ecuador (Pichincha). Holotype ♀, ANSP. Refs. - Cresson, 1912: pl. XIX (figs.), 393 (desc.); Papavero, 1964: 109-113 (notes); Roback, 1969: 555 (cat., type-material); Prado, 1969: 22 (notes); Griffiths, 1972: 290 (fig.); Prado, 1975: 1 (cat.); Buck et al., 2009: 150 (fig.); Marshall et al., 2009: 13 (phyl.), 18 (key), 34 (pl.), 50 (distr. map), 58 (pl.) 59 (redesc.), 60 (figs.), 67 (pl.), 68 (pl.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

sharkeyiMarshall & Buck, 2009: 62 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Peru, Departamento Huánuco, Río Llullapichis, right tributary of Río Pachitea, Station “Panguana” (of H.-W. Koepcke), 09°36’53”S, 74°55’57”W, 220 m. Distr. - Ecuador (Napo), Peru (Huánuco). Holotype ♂, DEBU. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 17 (key), 50 (distr. map), 62 (desc.), 63 (figs.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

subnearcticaFeijen, 1989: 119. Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Tamazunchalo. Distr. - Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Higuito, Puntarenas), El Salvador (San Salvador), Guatemala (El Progreso), Mexico (Chiapas, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz). Holotype ♂, CAS. Refs. - Feijen, 1989: 119 (desc.), 120 (figs.), 121 (fig.); Marshall et al., 2009: 17 (key), 45 (pl.), 50 (distr. map), 64 (redesc.), 65 (figs.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

tenuipesMarshall & Buck, 2009: 69 (in Marshall et al., 2009). Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Heath River Wildlife Centre, 12°40’S, 68°42’W. Distr. - Bolivia (La Paz), Ecuador (Napo), Peru (Madre de Díos). Holotype ♂, UASC. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 13 (phyl.), 18 (key), 34 (pl.), 50 (distr. map), 69 (desc.), 70 (figs.); Rafael et al., 2011: 33 (phyl.).

Groups and subgroups references

brunnea-group. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 11 (char., brunnea- and brunneina-subgroup), 12-13 (figs), 16 (key).

craigi-group. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 11 (char.), 12 (figs.).

figurata-group. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 11 (char., figurata-subgroup), 12-13 (figs.).

rufa-group. Refs. - Marshall et al., 2009: 11 (char., lanei- and rufa-subgroup), 12-13 (figs.), 18 (key); Rafael et al., 2011: 29 (key).

Additional type material (paratypes)

apiculata Marshall & Buck; Paratypes: 1♂, DEBU; 1♂, MUSM; 1♂, USNM.

atricalyx Marshall & Buck; Paratypes: 2♂♂ 3♀♀, AMNH; 7♂♂ 1♀, CBFC, CSCA and USNM; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, CBFC and USNM; 3♂♂ 2♀♀, CNCI; 1♀, CSCA; 15♂♂ 10♀♀, DEBU; 5♂♂ 4♀♀, DEBU and MUSM; 5♂♂ 4♀♀, DEBU and UASC; 6♂♂ 1♀, ROME; 42♂♂ 22♀♀, USNM.

brachypecta Marshall & Buck; Paratypes: 5♂♂ 7♀♀ DEBU and QCAZ; 1♂, LACM; 6♂♂ 12♀♀, USNM.

brunnea Cresson; Paratype: ♂, ANSP.

brunneina Marshall & Buck; Paratypes: 4♂♂ 4♀♀, AMNH; 11♂♂ 10♀♀, DEBU; 3♂♂ 3♀♀, DEBU and UWIC; 2♂♂ 3♀♀, CNCI; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, CSCA; 21♂♂ 26♀♀, INBC; 3♂♂, LACM; 4♂♂ 2♀♀, ROME; 13♂♂ 14♀♀, USNM.

cressoni Prado; Paratype: ♂, FIOC.

dactylopleura Marshall & Buck; Paratypes: 2♂♂ 2♀♀ CBFC, CSCA and USNM; 1♀, CNCI; 6♂♂ 2♀♀, DEBU; 5♂♂ 4♀♀, USNM.

fapeam Rafael, Câmara & Holanda; Paratypes: 4♂♂ 4♀♀, INPA; 1♂ 1♀, MZUSP.

figurata Marshall & Buck; Paratypes: 3♂♂ AMNH; 1♂, CNCI; 1♂ 2♀♀, DEBU; 8♂♂ 7♀♀, INBC; 43♂♂ 43♀♀, USNM.

lanei Prado; Paratypes: 4♂♂ 3♀♀, MZUSP.

lopesi Prado; Paratypes: 1♂ 3♀♀, FIOC; 1♂, MZUSP. Remarks: one paratype originally designated to be in FIOC is in MZUSP.

nigrithorax Marshall & Buck; Paratype: 1♂, USNM.

palenque Marshall & Buck; Paratypes: 1♀, DEBU; 1♂, AMNH; 1♀, USNM.

papaveroi Prado; Paratypes: 2♂♂ 11♀♀, MZUSP; 3♂♂ 3♀♀, FIOC. Remarks: there are 2♂♂ 11♀♀ paratypes in MZUSP instead the 3♂♂ 20♀♀ originally designated to be.

plesioterga Marshall & Buck; Paratypes: 1♂, CNCI; 1♂, CSCA; 1♂, ROME; 1♀, SMTD; 8♂♂ 26♀♀, USNM.

rufa Cresson; Paratypes: 2♂♂, ANSP.

sharkeyi Marshall & Buck; Paratype: 1♀, CNCI.

tenuipes Marshall & Buck; Paratypes: 1♀, CNCI; 1♂ 1♀, DEBU; 1♂ 3♀, CNCI and DEBU.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are very greatful to Dr. Carlos Lamas (MZUSP) by access to the type material of Syringogaster papaveroi Prado and to Camila Conti (MZUSP) by the photo of holotype of S. papaveroi. APC is grateful to Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba (FAPESQ) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the research support (Proc. #350052/2014-0).

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• 1
  Edited by: Marcelo Duarte
• Published with the financial support of the "Programa de Apoio às Publicações Científicas Periódicas da USP"
• 3
  Seção de Publicações - Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  2018

History

• Received
  04 Sept 2017
• Accepted
  17 Oct 2017