Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Coping strategies for domestic violence against pregnant female adolescents: integrative review

Estrategias de enfrentamiento de la violencia doméstica contra adolescentes embarazadas: revisión integrativa

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To investigate and analyze in the scientific literature coping strategies for domestic violence against pregnant female adolescents.

Method:

This is an integrative literature review, conducted from July to August 2017 on LILACS, SciELO and PubMed, using the descriptors and the MeSH terms: confrontation, violence, adolescent, pregnant women, prenatal care.

Result:

The sample comprised 9 articles that were organized and characterized according to year, country of study and coping strategy used. The main forms of coping involved the active search for cases and the primary care approach with all family members.

Conclusion:

Individualized prenatal care, the change in professional training and networking activities were pointed out as important components of the strategies for coping with violence against pregnant adolescents.

Descriptors:
Strategies; Domestic Violence; Adolescent; Pregnancy; Public health

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Investigar y analizar, en la literatura científica, las estrategias de enfrentamiento de la violencia doméstica contra adolescentes embarazadas.

Método:

Se trata de una revisión integrativa de literatura, realizada de julio a agosto de 2017 en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS y PubMed, con las palabras clave, Mesh terms: enfrentamiento, violencia, adolescente, embarazadas, prenatal.

Resultado:

La muestra fue compuesta por 9 artículos, que fueron organizados y caracterizados de acuerdo con el año, el país del estudio y la estrategia de enfrentamiento utilizada. Las principales maneras de enfrentamiento involucran la búsqueda activa de los casos y el abordaje en atención primaria con todos los miembros de la familia.

Conclusión:

un prenatal individualizado, el cambio en la formación profesional y la actuación en red fueron indicados como importantes componentes de las estrategias de enfrentamiento de la violencia contra adolescentes embarazadas.

Descriptores:
Estrategias; Violencia Doméstica; Adolescente; Embarazo; Salud Colectiva

RESUMO

Objetivo:

Investigar e analisar, na literatura científica, as estratégias de enfrentamento da violência doméstica contra adolescentes grávidas.

Método:

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada de julho a agosto de 2017 nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PubMed, com as palavras-chave, Mesh terms: enfrentamento, violência, adolescente, grávidas, pré-natal.

Resultado:

A amostra foi composta por 9 artigos, que foram organizados e caracterizados de acordo com o ano, país do estudo e estratégia de enfrentamento utilizada. As principais formas de enfrentamento envolviam a busca ativa de casos e a abordagem em atenção primária com todos os membros da família.

Conclusão:

Um pré-natal individualizado, a mudança na formação profissional e a atuação em rede foram apontados como importantes componentes das estratégias de enfrentamento da violência contra adolescentes grávidas.

Descritores:
Estratégias; Violência Doméstica; Adolescente; Gravidez; Saúde Coletiva

INTRODUCTION

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence corresponds to the age group between 10 and 19 years(11 World Health Organization. WHO. Young People´s Health: a Challenge for Society. Report of a WHO Study Group on Young People and Health for All. Technical Report Series 731. Geneva: WHO; 1986.). The Brazilian Statute of Children and Adolescents (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente) establishes the age group as 12 to 18 years(22 Brasil. Ministério da Justiça. Lei 8.069, de 13 de Julho de 1990. Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Brasília: Ministério da Justiça. Diário Oficial da União (1990 jul. 13);1.). For this study we chose the age group established by WHO.

Although there are disagreements about when the adolescence starts and ends, from an idealistic view, this period is considered a transition to adulthood, marked by great changes and new responsibilities. However, some authors argue that the idea of understanding adolescence as a “transitional period” tends to disregard the needs of this group. According to Adamo (1985), adolescence cannot be considered just a period of transition; it is characterized as part of a gradual, slow and careful process of maturation(33 Adamo F. Juventude: trabalho, saúde e educação. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária; 1985. p. 16 -19.). For public health nursing, adolescence is a social phenomenon, i.e., the historicity of the society where the phenomenon occurs is a part of it. Therefore, chronological analyses do not comprise the complexity of this social group, which is one of the landmarks of the category “generation”(44 Egry EY, Fonseca RMGS, Oliveira MAC. Ciência, Saúde Coletiva e Enfermagem: destacando as categorias gênero e geração na episteme da práxis. Rev Bras Enferm[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2017 Jul 20];66(esp):119-33. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v66nspe/v66nspea16.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v66nspe/v...
).

The category “gender” seeks to explain the social relations between the sexes beyond the biological aspects, breaking with the idea of male supremacy(44 Egry EY, Fonseca RMGS, Oliveira MAC. Ciência, Saúde Coletiva e Enfermagem: destacando as categorias gênero e geração na episteme da práxis. Rev Bras Enferm[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2017 Jul 20];66(esp):119-33. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v66nspe/v66nspea16.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v66nspe/v...
); these two categories are part of the understanding of the phenomenon of domestic violence against adolescents. Ideological and idealistic norms that permeate the social relations between men and women influence what being a female or a male adolescent means(44 Egry EY, Fonseca RMGS, Oliveira MAC. Ciência, Saúde Coletiva e Enfermagem: destacando as categorias gênero e geração na episteme da práxis. Rev Bras Enferm[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2017 Jul 20];66(esp):119-33. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v66nspe/v66nspea16.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v66nspe/v...
). Thus, pregnancy in adolescence causes different experiences and consequences for men and women due to historically built social conceptions.

Some authors argue that pregnancy during this stage of life is considered a social risk that can lead to various problems, like leaving school and the health risks during pregnancy(55 Lomonaco BP, Nakasu MVP, Silva TSS, Hercowitz V, Santos VS. Mundo Jovem: desafios e possibilidades de trabalho com adolescentes. São Paulo: Fundação Tide Setubal; 2008. p.148.). Western culture considers pregnancy in adolescence as an early insertion in the adult world, causing concerns about life projects, education, autonomy and economic rise, leading to a stress that can trigger and/or exacerbate family disputes and result in physical and spoken conflicts. Thus, pregnancy itself can be a gateway to perpetuate situations of domestic violence and its repercussions(66 Moreira TMM, Viana DS, Queiroz MVO, Jorge MSB. Conflitos vivenciados pelas adolescentes com a descoberta da gravidez. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2017 Jul 20]; 42(2):312-20. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v42n2/a14.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v42n2/a1...
). Studies show that when the pregnancy is unwanted the woman has greater chance of suffering violence, and that there is strong association between gender violence and pregnancy in adolescence(77 Rodrigues DP, Gomes SFA, Stefanelo J, Nakano AMS, Monteiro JCS. Intimate partner violence against pregnant women: study about the repercussions on the obstetric and neonatal results. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 48(2):206-12. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48n2/pt_0080-6234-reeusp-48-02-206.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48n2/pt...
-88 Chacham AS, Maia MB, Camargo MB. Autonomia, gênero e gravidez na adolescência: uma análise comparativa da experiência de adolescentes e mulheres jovens provenientes de camadas médias e populares em Belo Horizonte. Rev Bras Estud Popul[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Jul 23];29(2),389-407. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbepop/v29n2/a10v29n2.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbepop/v29n2/a1...
).

When domestic violence happens during the gestation period, it can directly and/or indirectly affect the maternal and fetal well-being. Some studies suggest women victims of violence during this period have higher risk of spontaneous abortion, they start prenatal monitoring late (especially if they are younger than 16 years and it is their first pregnancy), they have higher risks during birth and of premature birth, fetal injuries, low birth weight, perinatal and neonatal mortality and in extreme cases, maternal mortality(99 Viellas EF, Gama SGN, Carvalho ML, Pinto LW. Fatores associados à agressão física em gestantes e os desfechos negativos no recém-nascido. J Pediatr[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 89(1):83-90. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.02.013
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.02...
-1010 Coker AL, Sanderson M, Dong B. Partner violence during pregnancy and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 18(4):260-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15255879
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1525...
). Other studies show that female victims of violence have more chances to have a prenatal care of poor quality due to low adhesion and late start of the follow-up treatment(1111 Moraes CL, Arana FDN, Reichenheim ME. Physical intimate partner violence during gestation as a risk factor for low quality of prenatal care. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 44(4):667-676. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v44n4/en_10.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v44n4/en_10...
). An integrative review with adolescents and their relationship with intimate partners showed the complexity that the phenomenon of domestic violence acquires when it happens during adolescence(1212 Oliveira RNG, Gessner R, Brancaglioni BCA, Fonseca RMGS, Egry EY. Preventing violence by intimate partners in adolescence: an integrative review. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 50(1):134-43. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v50n1/0080-6234-reeusp-50-01-0137.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v50n1/00...
). Another study showed that the psychosocial vulnerability of female adolescents increases when pregnancy in adolescence and domestic violence happen at the same time(1313 Miura PO, Passarini GMR, Ferreira LS, Paixão RAP, Tardivo LSPC, Barrientos DMS. Cumulative Vulnerability: A Case Study on intrafamilial violence, Drug Addiction and Adolescent Pregnancy. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 Aug 03];48(spe2):53-8. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48nspe2/pt_0080-6234-reeusp-48-nspe2-00053.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48nspe2...
-1414 Monterrosa CA, Arteta AC, Ulloque CL. Violencia doméstica en adolescentes embarazadas: caracterización de la pareja y prevalencia de las formas de expresión. Iatreia [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Jun 27]; 30(1):34-46. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/iat/v30n1/0121-0793-iat-30-01-00034.pdf
http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/iat/v30n1/0...
). This reveals the need for tracking actions and combating the phenomenon of violence, especially regarding pregnant adolescents.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate and analyze, based on the national and international literature, coping strategies of domestic violence against pregnant adolescents.

METHOD

This study used the method of integrative review that:

Provides health professionals with relevant data of a given subject in different places and times, keeping them updated and making changes in clinical practice as a result of the research(1515 Mendes KDS, Silveira RCCP, Galvão CM. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto Contexto Enferm [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2017 Jun 27]; 17(4):758-64. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/tce/v17n4/18.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/tce/v17n4/18.pd...
).

The authors recommend six steps for the design of the review: 1) definition of the research question, 2) search of the studies and definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3) extraction of the information and categorization of the studies, 4) evaluation of the studies of the sample, 5) analysis of the results and 6) presentation of the review with a summary of the studies(1515 Mendes KDS, Silveira RCCP, Galvão CM. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto Contexto Enferm [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2017 Jun 27]; 17(4):758-64. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/tce/v17n4/18.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/tce/v17n4/18.pd...
).

For the search on the databases, the research question was: Which coping strategies for domestic violence against pregnant adolescents are used by professionals? The online databases used in the study were: SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PubMed and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information). The keywords used were: violence AND adolescent AND pregnancy, in English, Spanish and Portuguese on SciELO and LILACS. In PubMed, the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms used were: violence AND adolescent AND pregnancy AND coping. Primary studies published from 2007 to 2017 were included.

The inclusion criteria were: the article had to describe the coping strategies for violence against pregnant adolescents performed in primary health care, in schools and in other institutions for young people or experiences resulting from programs and projects developed for monitoring adolescents and their families in hospitals, emergency, or NGOs. The articles excluded were those that discussed the policies for combating violence against pregnant adolescents that referred to violence against them in war zones, armed conflicts and because of unforeseeable circumstances or natural events; and studies that only described the epidemiological profile of them in situations of violence.

Figure 1
Flowchart of the systematic search on the databases PubMed, LILACS and SciELO, São Paulo, Brazil, 2017

The collection took place from July to August 2017; then, the reading of the titles and abstracts and, finally, the articles were fully read to identify the used coping strategy.

For the analysis of the articles from the databases we used the data collection instrument validated by Ursi (2005). The instrument includes: identification of the publication, the institution where the study was written, publication type, methodological characteristics of the study and evaluation methodological rigor(1616 Ursi ES. Prevenção de lesões de pele no perioperatório: revisão integrativa da literatura. [Dissertação]. Ribeirão Preto: Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo; 2005.).

The search resulted in nine studies: four from the PubMed; five from LILACS; and no studies from SciELO. The nine articles were fully analyzed, seeking to answer the guiding question of this study. The qualitative analysis of the data was performed with the support of the WebQDA® tool(1717 Souza FN, Costa AP. Questionamento no processo de dados qualitativos com apoio do software WEBDQA. Eduser: Rev Educ Inov Educ TIC. 2011;3(1).), creating thematic groups according to the results presented in the articles. Thus, we explored the results presented in the studies searching for similarities, differences, gaps, new approaches, coping strategies, among other things.

RESULTS

We analyzed nine studies, and the quantitative approach was predominant (n = 5). The others used a qualitative approach (n = 4) and none of them used both approaches.

Of all kinds of violence described in the literature, we observe in the articles incorporated to the review the prevalence of: psychological violence (n = 9), physical violence (n = 9), sexual violence (n = 9), intimate partner violence (n = 7). Some studies presented more than one kind of violence.

Five studies were performed in Brazil, two studies in the United States of America and one in Nepal and Uganda, respectively. Regarding the journals, seven studies were published in health journals (nursing, collective health, medicine, public health) and two studies in Humanities (psychology, sociology and education). After reading the studies, we organized them in Chart 1.

Chart 1
Articles incorporated to the integrative review, published from 2007 to 2017, São Paulo, Brazil, 2017

DISCUSSION

The objective of one of the studies was to understand the professional experience in health units participating in the Brazil’s Family Health Strategy (FHS) showed that this Strategy assists on the approximation to the phenomenon of violence(1818 Oliveira MT, Samico I, Ishigami ABM, Nascimento RMM. Violência intrafamiliar: a experiência dos profissionais de saúde nas Unidades de Saúde da Família de São Joaquim do Monte, Pernambuco. Rev Bras Epidemiol [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 15(1):166-78. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbepid/v15n1/15.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbepid/v15n1/15...
). The actions to cope with the problem in this context were based on the identification and notification of the cases, referrals and the use of the support network with multidisciplinary teams. Institutional and bureaucratic barriers were cited as the biggest challenges.

The prenatal consultation was presented as a moment that stimulated coping actions, since the female adolescent attends health services more frequently. Prevention, tracking and treatment actions are suggested by a study as an integral part of the prenatal care of pregnant adolescents(1919 Pereira PK, Lovisi GM, Lima LA, Legay LF. Complicações obstétricas, eventos estressantes, violência e depressão durante a gravidez em adolescentes atendidas em unidade básica de saúde. Rev Psiquiatr Clín [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 37(5):216-22. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rpc/v37n5/a06v37n5.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rpc/v37n5/a06v3...
).

Interventions involving the FSH and prenatal care were based on tracking cases of violence on primary care, on the dialogue between the friends and family of the victim, on prenatal care individualized and focused on the needs of the victims, on the participation in multidisciplinary groups for debate on gender-related issues and on the relationship of the adolescent with her baby(1919 Pereira PK, Lovisi GM, Lima LA, Legay LF. Complicações obstétricas, eventos estressantes, violência e depressão durante a gravidez em adolescentes atendidas em unidade básica de saúde. Rev Psiquiatr Clín [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 37(5):216-22. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rpc/v37n5/a06v37n5.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rpc/v37n5/a06v3...
-2020 Silva RA, Araújo TVB, Valongueiro S, Ludermir AB. Enfrentamento da violência infligida pelo parceiro íntimo por mulheres em área urbana da região Nordeste do Brasil. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 46(6):1014-1022. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v46n6/ao3594.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v46n6/ao359...
). These studies also cited the need for a present and permanent education and for the specific training of professionals to provide an individualized prenatal care focused on the needs of the victims.

Financial independence was addressed in two studies. The female adolescents participated in groups and educational workshops focused on exchanging experiences with other victims and learning new skills to break the dependence on the abuser. The study pointed out that the priority of these groups is to restore the self-confidence of the female adolescent(2020 Silva RA, Araújo TVB, Valongueiro S, Ludermir AB. Enfrentamento da violência infligida pelo parceiro íntimo por mulheres em área urbana da região Nordeste do Brasil. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 46(6):1014-1022. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v46n6/ao3594.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v46n6/ao359...

21 Pun KD, Infanti JJ, Koju R, Schei B, Darj E. Experience of intimate partner violence among young pregnant women in urban slums of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: a qualitative study. BMC Women’s Health [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 16(11):1-10. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4779579/pdf/12905_2016_Article_293.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article...
-2222 Gatti MC, Andréa MA. Acolhendo e ressignificando experiências de vida em grupo com mães adolescentes em risco de exploração sexual. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 13(1):54-61. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rspagesp/v13n1/v13n1a07.pdf
http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rspagesp/v...
).

The construction of spaces that focus on caring for female adolescent in situations of violence, allowing the exchange, resilience, reflection and the woman to be the protagonist of the nursing care model were strategies used in four studies developed in different contexts(2323 Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Turner LA. The efficacy of an intimate partner violence prevention program with high-risk adolescent girls: a preliminary test. Prev Sci [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 13(4):384-94. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21842333
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2184...

24 Bhandari S, Bullock LF, Anderson KM, Danis FS, Sharps PW. Pregnancy and Intimate Partner Violence: How do Rural, Low-Income Women Cope? Health Care for Women Int[Internet] 2011 [cited 2017 Aug 05]1;32(9):833-54. Available from: http://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2011.585532
http://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2011.585...

25 Lourenço MA, Deslandes SF. Experiência do cuidado materno e amamentação sob a ótica de mulheres vítimas de violência conjugal. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 42(4):615-21. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v42n4/6914.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v42n4/6914....
-2626 Kaye DK, Ekström AM, Johansson A, Bantebya G, Mirembe FM. Escaping the triple trap: coping strategies of pregnant adolescent survivors of domestic violence in Mulago hospital, Uganda. Scand J Public Health. 2007; 35(2):180-6.) - this highlights the potential of this kind of strategy and confirms previous studies(2727 Signorelli MC, Taft A, Pereira PPG. Intimate partner violence against women and healthcare in Australia: charting the scene. Ciênc Saúde Colet [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 17(4):1037-48. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/csc/v17n4/v17n4a25.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/csc/v17n4/v17n4...
).

Generally, the strategies used with pregnant adolescents sought to structure the coping of violence on the active search for cases of violence, on the approach during primary care involving all family members and support networks, more extensive scientific production on the subject and discussions regarding changes in professional training and care to women victims of violence, especially during the prenatal period.

Study limitations

The scarce number of studies found in the literature and the fact that no review studies of this study are pointed out as a limitation. For future investigations, we recommend expanding the databases and the inclusion of gray literature.

Contributions to the field of nursing, health, or public policies

This article deals with complex phenomena, namely violence, adolescence and pregnancy, which affect the health-disease process of individuals and, therefore, is an important health issue. This review has gathered some coping practices and strategies for domestic violence against pregnant adolescents, and these tools were developed and used in different countries and institutions, involving several areas of knowledge. This demonstrates the power of these strategies and highlights the contribution of this study, especially on the science of health care for female adolescents, who are often neglected on the everyday life of health services.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

The low number of eligible studies for this study shows that violence during the gestation period, especially against adolescents, still needs to be studied and explored beyond the description of the epidemiological profiles of victims. By analyzing the studies, we could realize that there is a big gap when it comes to building logics of care for pregnant adolescents facing violence and on the professional training.

The studies pointed out that actions focusing on changes of the professional training are needed, especially on the health area. These practices must include theoretical references to contribute with the development of knowledge and critical and reflective skills aimed at coping with violence. Rethinking how the services are structured, articulated and organized is also necessary to identify the demands and effectively respond to the health needs of this population, by strengthening support networks and multidisciplinary teams.

The importance of acting through intersectoral, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary networks, was also apparent as a powerful coping tool. Studies involving the sectors of education debating gender issues, of social assistance with the encouragement of financial independence, of primary health care and of the family and the community were proven to be efficient to cope with the violence against these adolescents. They contributed to develop and strengthen the link between the adolescent and her baby and to change the relationship with her family.

The strategies presented intended to strengthen and extend the knowledge of health professionals on the violence experienced by pregnant adolescents, improving care through the identification of situations of violence, resilience, incentives to financial independence and the follow-up of victims in the medium and long term. Additionally, the need for the creation of laws and care protocols with the objective of resolving the coping of violence against pregnant adolescents.

REFERENCES

  • 1
    World Health Organization. WHO. Young People´s Health: a Challenge for Society. Report of a WHO Study Group on Young People and Health for All. Technical Report Series 731. Geneva: WHO; 1986.
  • 2
    Brasil. Ministério da Justiça. Lei 8.069, de 13 de Julho de 1990. Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Brasília: Ministério da Justiça. Diário Oficial da União (1990 jul. 13);1.
  • 3
    Adamo F. Juventude: trabalho, saúde e educação. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária; 1985. p. 16 -19.
  • 4
    Egry EY, Fonseca RMGS, Oliveira MAC. Ciência, Saúde Coletiva e Enfermagem: destacando as categorias gênero e geração na episteme da práxis. Rev Bras Enferm[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2017 Jul 20];66(esp):119-33. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v66nspe/v66nspea16.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v66nspe/v66nspea16.pdf
  • 5
    Lomonaco BP, Nakasu MVP, Silva TSS, Hercowitz V, Santos VS. Mundo Jovem: desafios e possibilidades de trabalho com adolescentes. São Paulo: Fundação Tide Setubal; 2008. p.148.
  • 6
    Moreira TMM, Viana DS, Queiroz MVO, Jorge MSB. Conflitos vivenciados pelas adolescentes com a descoberta da gravidez. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2017 Jul 20]; 42(2):312-20. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v42n2/a14.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v42n2/a14.pdf
  • 7
    Rodrigues DP, Gomes SFA, Stefanelo J, Nakano AMS, Monteiro JCS. Intimate partner violence against pregnant women: study about the repercussions on the obstetric and neonatal results. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 48(2):206-12. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48n2/pt_0080-6234-reeusp-48-02-206.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48n2/pt_0080-6234-reeusp-48-02-206.pdf
  • 8
    Chacham AS, Maia MB, Camargo MB. Autonomia, gênero e gravidez na adolescência: uma análise comparativa da experiência de adolescentes e mulheres jovens provenientes de camadas médias e populares em Belo Horizonte. Rev Bras Estud Popul[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Jul 23];29(2),389-407. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbepop/v29n2/a10v29n2.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbepop/v29n2/a10v29n2.pdf
  • 9
    Viellas EF, Gama SGN, Carvalho ML, Pinto LW. Fatores associados à agressão física em gestantes e os desfechos negativos no recém-nascido. J Pediatr[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 89(1):83-90. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.02.013
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.02.013
  • 10
    Coker AL, Sanderson M, Dong B. Partner violence during pregnancy and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 18(4):260-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15255879
    » https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15255879
  • 11
    Moraes CL, Arana FDN, Reichenheim ME. Physical intimate partner violence during gestation as a risk factor for low quality of prenatal care. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 44(4):667-676. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v44n4/en_10.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v44n4/en_10.pdf
  • 12
    Oliveira RNG, Gessner R, Brancaglioni BCA, Fonseca RMGS, Egry EY. Preventing violence by intimate partners in adolescence: an integrative review. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Aug 03]; 50(1):134-43. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v50n1/0080-6234-reeusp-50-01-0137.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v50n1/0080-6234-reeusp-50-01-0137.pdf
  • 13
    Miura PO, Passarini GMR, Ferreira LS, Paixão RAP, Tardivo LSPC, Barrientos DMS. Cumulative Vulnerability: A Case Study on intrafamilial violence, Drug Addiction and Adolescent Pregnancy. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 Aug 03];48(spe2):53-8. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48nspe2/pt_0080-6234-reeusp-48-nspe2-00053.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48nspe2/pt_0080-6234-reeusp-48-nspe2-00053.pdf
  • 14
    Monterrosa CA, Arteta AC, Ulloque CL. Violencia doméstica en adolescentes embarazadas: caracterización de la pareja y prevalencia de las formas de expresión. Iatreia [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Jun 27]; 30(1):34-46. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/iat/v30n1/0121-0793-iat-30-01-00034.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/iat/v30n1/0121-0793-iat-30-01-00034.pdf
  • 15
    Mendes KDS, Silveira RCCP, Galvão CM. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto Contexto Enferm [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2017 Jun 27]; 17(4):758-64. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/tce/v17n4/18.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/tce/v17n4/18.pdf
  • 16
    Ursi ES. Prevenção de lesões de pele no perioperatório: revisão integrativa da literatura. [Dissertação]. Ribeirão Preto: Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo; 2005.
  • 17
    Souza FN, Costa AP. Questionamento no processo de dados qualitativos com apoio do software WEBDQA. Eduser: Rev Educ Inov Educ TIC. 2011;3(1).
  • 18
    Oliveira MT, Samico I, Ishigami ABM, Nascimento RMM. Violência intrafamiliar: a experiência dos profissionais de saúde nas Unidades de Saúde da Família de São Joaquim do Monte, Pernambuco. Rev Bras Epidemiol [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 15(1):166-78. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbepid/v15n1/15.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbepid/v15n1/15.pdf
  • 19
    Pereira PK, Lovisi GM, Lima LA, Legay LF. Complicações obstétricas, eventos estressantes, violência e depressão durante a gravidez em adolescentes atendidas em unidade básica de saúde. Rev Psiquiatr Clín [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 37(5):216-22. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rpc/v37n5/a06v37n5.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rpc/v37n5/a06v37n5.pdf
  • 20
    Silva RA, Araújo TVB, Valongueiro S, Ludermir AB. Enfrentamento da violência infligida pelo parceiro íntimo por mulheres em área urbana da região Nordeste do Brasil. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 46(6):1014-1022. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v46n6/ao3594.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v46n6/ao3594.pdf
  • 21
    Pun KD, Infanti JJ, Koju R, Schei B, Darj E. Experience of intimate partner violence among young pregnant women in urban slums of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: a qualitative study. BMC Women’s Health [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 16(11):1-10. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4779579/pdf/12905_2016_Article_293.pdf
    » https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4779579/pdf/12905_2016_Article_293.pdf
  • 22
    Gatti MC, Andréa MA. Acolhendo e ressignificando experiências de vida em grupo com mães adolescentes em risco de exploração sexual. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 13(1):54-61. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rspagesp/v13n1/v13n1a07.pdf
    » http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rspagesp/v13n1/v13n1a07.pdf
  • 23
    Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Turner LA. The efficacy of an intimate partner violence prevention program with high-risk adolescent girls: a preliminary test. Prev Sci [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 13(4):384-94. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21842333
    » https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21842333
  • 24
    Bhandari S, Bullock LF, Anderson KM, Danis FS, Sharps PW. Pregnancy and Intimate Partner Violence: How do Rural, Low-Income Women Cope? Health Care for Women Int[Internet] 2011 [cited 2017 Aug 05]1;32(9):833-54. Available from: http://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2011.585532
    » http://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2011.585532
  • 25
    Lourenço MA, Deslandes SF. Experiência do cuidado materno e amamentação sob a ótica de mulheres vítimas de violência conjugal. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 42(4):615-21. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v42n4/6914.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v42n4/6914.pdf
  • 26
    Kaye DK, Ekström AM, Johansson A, Bantebya G, Mirembe FM. Escaping the triple trap: coping strategies of pregnant adolescent survivors of domestic violence in Mulago hospital, Uganda. Scand J Public Health. 2007; 35(2):180-6.
  • 27
    Signorelli MC, Taft A, Pereira PPG. Intimate partner violence against women and healthcare in Australia: charting the scene. Ciênc Saúde Colet [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Aug 05]; 17(4):1037-48. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/csc/v17n4/v17n4a25.pdf
    » http://www.scielo.br/pdf/csc/v17n4/v17n4a25.pdf

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    2018

History

  • Received
    27 Oct 2017
  • Accepted
    18 Nov 2017
Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br