Armazenamento de mirtilo 'Bluegem' em atmosfera controlada e refrigerada com absorção e inibição do etileno

Brackmann, Auri; Weber, Anderson; Giehl, Ricardo Fabiano Hettwer; Eisermann, Ana Cristina; Sautter, Cláudia Kaehler; Gonçalves, Emerson Dias; Antunes, Luis Eduardo Corrêa

doi:10.1590/S0034-737X2010000100002

Resumos

O mirtilo é uma fruta rica em polifenóis e antocianinas que apresenta alta atividade antioxidante. No entanto, essa atividade pode ser alterada por condições de armazenamento e processamento dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a manutenção das qualidades físicas e químicas de frutos de mirtilo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) do cultivar Bluegem em diferentes condições de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e unidade experimental composta por 400g de frutos. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: [1] armazenamento refrigerado (AR); [2] AR com absorção de etileno por sachês de permanganato de potássio; [3] atmosfera controlada (AC) com 2,0kPa O2 + 1 0,0kPa CO2; [4] AC com 2,0kPa O2 + 15,0kPa CO2; e [5] AC com 10,0kPa O2 + 15,0kPa CO2; [6] AC com 2,0kPa O2 + 10,0kPa CO2 e aplicação de 900ìg kg-1 de 1-metilciclopropeno. Os frutos submetidos a todos os tratamentos foram armazenados na temperatura de 0,5°C (± 0,1 °C). A avaliação da qualidade dos frutos foi realizada após sete semanas de armazenamento mais 84 horas (três dias e meio) de exposição a 20°C (± 0,2°C). A melhor conservação de mirtilo 'Bluegem' ocorreu em armazenamento refrigerado, em que se obteve maior acidez titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e porcentagem de frutos firmes, conteúdo de antocianinas e polifenóis totais. Além de menor produção de etileno e CO2. A remoção do etileno da câmara de armazenamento favorece a conservação dos frutos.

Conservação; etileno; dióxido de carbono; polifenóis; antocianinas

The aim of this work was to evaluate storage conditions on the maintenance of the physiochemical qualities in Bluegem blueberry. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design , with four replicates and the experimental unit consisted of approximately 400g of fruits. Six storage conditions were evaluated as follows: [ 1 ] Cold storage (CS); [2] CS with ethylene scrubbing; [3] Controlled atmosphere (CA) with 2.0 kPa O2 + 10.0 kPa CO2; [4] CA with 2.0 kPa O2 + 15.0 kPa CO2; [5] CA with 10.0 kPa O2 + 15.0 kPa CO2; [6] CA with 2.0 kPa O2 + 10.0 kPa CO2 with application of 900 ìg kg-1 of 1-methilciclopropene. All treatments were stored at 0.5°C (± 0.1°C). Fruit quality was evaluated after seven weeks of storage plus three more days at 20°C (± 0.2°C). The best 'Bluegem' blueberry conservation was achieved in cold storage, which gave the highest titratable acidity, total soluble solids and percentage of firm fruit, lowest ethylene and CO 2 production as well as the highest anthocyanin and total polyphenolic contents. However, the removal of ethylene in the storage room can prolong fruit conservation.

Conservation; ethylene; carbon dioxide; polyphenolics; anthocyanins

CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS/FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Armazenamento de mirtilo 'Bluegem' em atmosfera controlada e refrigerada com absorção e inibição do etileno

Storage of 'bluegem' blueberry in controlled atmosphere and cold storage with ethylene scrubbing and inhibition

Auri Brackmann^I; Anderson Weber^II; Ricardo Fabiano Hettwer Giehl^III; Ana Cristina Eisermann^IV; Cláudia Kaehler Sautter^I; Emerson Dias Gonyalves^V; Luis Eduardo Corrêa Antunes^VI

^IEngenheiros-Agrônomos, Doutores. Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Av. Roraima, 1000, Campus Universitário, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. auribrackmann@gmail.com, kaehler@terra.com.br ^IIMestrando em Agronomia. Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Av. Roraima, 1000, Campus Universitário, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. anweba@yahoo.com.br ^IIIDoutorando em Ciências Agrárias. Universidade de Hohenheim, U.H, Alemanha. hetgiehl@yahoo.com.br

^IVMestranda em Ciências Agrárias. Universidade de Hohenheim, U.H, Alemanha. anna_eisermann@yahoo.com.br ^VUniversidade Estadual do Piauí (UESPI), Avenida Joaquina Nogueira de Oliveira, Corrente, Piauí, Brasil. emersomdg@gmail.com ^VIEmbrapa Clima Temperado, Rodovia BR 392, km 78, Caixa Postal 403, 96001-970 Pelotas, Rio grande do Sul. Brasil. antunes@cpact.embrapa.br

RESUMO

O mirtilo é uma fruta rica em polifenóis e antocianinas que apresenta alta atividade antioxidante. No entanto, essa atividade pode ser alterada por condições de armazenamento e processamento dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a manutenção das qualidades físicas e químicas de frutos de mirtilo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) do cultivar Bluegem em diferentes condições de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e unidade experimental composta por 400g de frutos. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: [1] armazenamento refrigerado (AR); [2] AR com absorção de etileno por sachês de permanganato de potássio; [3] atmosfera controlada (AC) com 2,0kPa O₂ + 1 0,0kPa CO₂; [4] AC com 2,0kPa O₂ + 15,0kPa CO₂; e [5] AC com 10,0kPa O₂ + 15,0kPa CO₂; [6] AC com 2,0kPa O₂ + 10,0kPa CO₂ e aplicação de 900ìg kg^-1 de 1-metilciclopropeno. Os frutos submetidos a todos os tratamentos foram armazenados na temperatura de 0,5°C (± 0,1 °C). A avaliação da qualidade dos frutos foi realizada após sete semanas de armazenamento mais 84 horas (três dias e meio) de exposição a 20°C (± 0,2°C). A melhor conservação de mirtilo 'Bluegem' ocorreu em armazenamento refrigerado, em que se obteve maior acidez titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e porcentagem de frutos firmes, conteúdo de antocianinas e polifenóis totais. Além de menor produção de etileno e CO₂. A remoção do etileno da câmara de armazenamento favorece a conservação dos frutos.

Palavras-chave: Conservação, etileno, dióxido de carbono, polifenóis, antocianinas.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to evaluate storage conditions on the maintenance of the physiochemical qualities in Bluegem blueberry. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design , with four replicates and the experimental unit consisted of approximately 400g of fruits. Six storage conditions were evaluated as follows: [ 1 ] Cold storage (CS); [2] CS with ethylene scrubbing; [3] Controlled atmosphere (CA) with 2.0 kPa O₂ + 10.0 kPa CO₂; [4] CA with 2.0 kPa O₂ + 15.0 kPa CO₂; [5] CA with 10.0 kPa O₂ + 15.0 kPa CO₂; [6] CA with 2.0 kPa O₂ + 10.0 kPa CO₂ with application of 900 ìg kg^-1 of 1-methilciclopropene. All treatments were stored at 0.5°C (± 0.1°C). Fruit quality was evaluated after seven weeks of storage plus three more days at 20°C (± 0.2°C). The best 'Bluegem' blueberry conservation was achieved in cold storage, which gave the highest titratable acidity, total soluble solids and percentage of firm fruit, lowest ethylene and CO ₂ production as well as the highest anthocyanin and total polyphenolic contents. However, the removal of ethylene in the storage room can prolong fruit conservation.

Key words: Conservation, ethylene, carbon dioxide, polyphenolics, anthocyanins.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Recebido para publicação em dezembro de 2007 e aprovado em agosto de 2009

Brackman A, Weber A, Pinto JAV, Neuwald DA & Steffens CA (2008) Manutençăo da qualidade pós-colheita de maçăs 'Royal Gala' e 'Galaxy' sob armazenamento em atmosfera controlada. Cięncia Rural, 38:2478-2484.
Connor AM, Luby JJ, Hancock JF, Berkheimer S & Hanson EJ (2002) Changes in fruit antioxidant activity among blueberry cultivars during cold-temperature storage. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 50:893-898.
Day NB, Skura BJ & Powrie WD (1990) Modified atmosphere packaging of blueberries: microbiological changes. Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal, 23:59-65.
Di Stefano R, Cravero MC & Gentilini N (1989) Metodi per lo studio dei polifenoli dei vini. L'Enotecnico, 25:83-89.
Fan X, Patterson ME, Robbins JA, Fellman JK & Cavalieri RP (1993) Controlled atmosphere storage of 'Bluecrop' blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). In: 6^th International Controlled Atmosphere Research Conference, Ithaca, New York. Proceedings, Cornell University/Ithaca, v.2, p.699-704.
Forney CF, Jordan MA & Nicholas KUKG (2003) Effect of CO₂ on physical, chemical, and quality changes in 'Burlington' blueberries. Acta Horticulturae, 600:587-893.
Forney CF, Nicholas KUKG & Jordan MA (1998) Effects of postharvest storage conditions on firmness of 'Burlington' blueberry fruit. 8th North American Research and Extension Workers Conference, Wilmington, North Carolina. Proceedings, Wilmington/NC, p.227-232.
Harb JY & Streif J (2004) Controlled atmosphere storage of highbush blueberries cv. 'Duke'. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 69:66-72.
HarbJY & Streif J (2006) Einfluss verschiedener Lagerbedingungen auf Haltbarkeit und Fruchtqualität von Heidelbeeren der Sorte 'Bluecrop'. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 48:115-120.
Hardenburg RE, Watada AE & Wang CY (1986) The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist, and nursery stocks. Agriculture Handbook n.66, Washington, Unites States Department of Agriculture. 130p.
Jackson ED, Sanford KA, Lawrence RA, Mcrae KB & Stark R (1999) Lowbush blueberry quality changes in response to prepacking delays and holding temperatures. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15:117126.
Milholland RD (1995) Anthracnose fruit rot (ripe rot). In: Caruso F & Ramsdell D (Eds.) Compendium of blueberry and cranberry diseases. St. Paul Minn, American Phytopathological Society Press. 87p.
Miller WR, Mcdonald RE & Crocker TE (1988) Fruit quality of rabbiteye blueberries as influenced by weekly harvests, cultivars, and storage duration. HortScience, 23:182-184.
Prange RK, Asiedu SK, DeEll JR & Westgarth AR (1995) Quality of Fundy and Blomidon lowbush blueberries: Effects of storage atmosphere, duration and fungal inoculation. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 75:479-483.
Schotsmans W, Molan A & Mackay B (2007) Controlled atmosphere storage of rabbiteye blueberries enhances postharvest quality aspects. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 44:277-285.
Singleton VL & Rossi JA (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16:144-158.
Sisler EC & Serek M (1999) Compounds controlling the ethylene receptor. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 40:1-7.
Su MS & Chien PJ (2007) Antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, and phenolics of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) fluid products as affected by fermentation. Food Chemistry, 104:182-187.
Su MS & Silva JL (2006) Antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, and phenolicsof rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) by-products as affected by fermentation. Food Chemistry, 97:447-451.
Warren JM, Walter WE & Mainland CM (1973) Effects of ethephon upon fruit development and ripening of highbush blueberries in the greenhouse. Hortscience, 8:504-507.
Watkins CB (2000) Responses of horticultural commodities to high carbon dioxide as related to modified atmosphere packaging. HortTechnology, 10:501-506.
Westwood MN (1982) Fruticultura de zonas templadas. Barcelona, Mundi-Prensa, 461p.
Wills RBH & Ku VVV (2002) Use of 1-MCP to extend the time to ripen of green tomatoes and postharvest life of ripe tomatoes. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 26:85-90.
Zheng Y, Wang CY, Wang SY & Zheng W (2003) Effect of high-oxygen atmospheres on blueberry phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51:7162-7169.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
09 Out 2012
Data do Fascículo
Fev 2010

Histórico

Aceito
Ago 2009
Recebido
Dez 2007

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Brackman A, Weber A, Pinto JAV, Neuwald DA & Steffens CA (2008) Manutençăo da qualidade pós-colheita de maçăs 'Royal Gala' e 'Galaxy' sob armazenamento em atmosfera controlada. Cięncia Rural, 38:2478-2484.

[2] Connor AM, Luby JJ, Hancock JF, Berkheimer S & Hanson EJ (2002) Changes in fruit antioxidant activity among blueberry cultivars during cold-temperature storage. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 50:893-898.

[3] Day NB, Skura BJ & Powrie WD (1990) Modified atmosphere packaging of blueberries: microbiological changes. Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal, 23:59-65.

[4] Di Stefano R, Cravero MC & Gentilini N (1989) Metodi per lo studio dei polifenoli dei vini. L'Enotecnico, 25:83-89.

[5] Fan X, Patterson ME, Robbins JA, Fellman JK & Cavalieri RP (1993) Controlled atmosphere storage of 'Bluecrop' blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). In: 6^th International Controlled Atmosphere Research Conference, Ithaca, New York. Proceedings, Cornell University/Ithaca, v.2, p.699-704.

[6] Forney CF, Jordan MA & Nicholas KUKG (2003) Effect of CO₂ on physical, chemical, and quality changes in 'Burlington' blueberries. Acta Horticulturae, 600:587-893.

[7] Forney CF, Nicholas KUKG & Jordan MA (1998) Effects of postharvest storage conditions on firmness of 'Burlington' blueberry fruit. 8th North American Research and Extension Workers Conference, Wilmington, North Carolina. Proceedings, Wilmington/NC, p.227-232.

[8] Harb JY & Streif J (2004) Controlled atmosphere storage of highbush blueberries cv. 'Duke'. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 69:66-72.

[9] HarbJY & Streif J (2006) Einfluss verschiedener Lagerbedingungen auf Haltbarkeit und Fruchtqualität von Heidelbeeren der Sorte 'Bluecrop'. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 48:115-120.

[10] Hardenburg RE, Watada AE & Wang CY (1986) The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist, and nursery stocks. Agriculture Handbook n.66, Washington, Unites States Department of Agriculture. 130p.

[11] Jackson ED, Sanford KA, Lawrence RA, Mcrae KB & Stark R (1999) Lowbush blueberry quality changes in response to prepacking delays and holding temperatures. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15:117126.

[12] Milholland RD (1995) Anthracnose fruit rot (ripe rot). In: Caruso F & Ramsdell D (Eds.) Compendium of blueberry and cranberry diseases. St. Paul Minn, American Phytopathological Society Press. 87p.

[13] Miller WR, Mcdonald RE & Crocker TE (1988) Fruit quality of rabbiteye blueberries as influenced by weekly harvests, cultivars, and storage duration. HortScience, 23:182-184.

[14] Prange RK, Asiedu SK, DeEll JR & Westgarth AR (1995) Quality of Fundy and Blomidon lowbush blueberries: Effects of storage atmosphere, duration and fungal inoculation. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 75:479-483.

[15] Schotsmans W, Molan A & Mackay B (2007) Controlled atmosphere storage of rabbiteye blueberries enhances postharvest quality aspects. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 44:277-285.

[16] Singleton VL & Rossi JA (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16:144-158.

[17] Sisler EC & Serek M (1999) Compounds controlling the ethylene receptor. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 40:1-7.

[18] Su MS & Chien PJ (2007) Antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, and phenolics of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) fluid products as affected by fermentation. Food Chemistry, 104:182-187.

[19] Su MS & Silva JL (2006) Antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, and phenolicsof rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) by-products as affected by fermentation. Food Chemistry, 97:447-451.

[20] Warren JM, Walter WE & Mainland CM (1973) Effects of ethephon upon fruit development and ripening of highbush blueberries in the greenhouse. Hortscience, 8:504-507.

[21] Watkins CB (2000) Responses of horticultural commodities to high carbon dioxide as related to modified atmosphere packaging. HortTechnology, 10:501-506.

[22] Westwood MN (1982) Fruticultura de zonas templadas. Barcelona, Mundi-Prensa, 461p.

[23] Wills RBH & Ku VVV (2002) Use of 1-MCP to extend the time to ripen of green tomatoes and postharvest life of ripe tomatoes. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 26:85-90.

[24] Zheng Y, Wang CY, Wang SY & Zheng W (2003) Effect of high-oxygen atmospheres on blueberry phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51:7162-7169.