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O discurso das fundações corporativas: caminhos de uma "nova" filantropia?

Resumos

O investimento social privado se realiza, muitas vezes, por meio das fundações corporativas. Este artigo analisa como as fundações constroem discursivamente sua relação com a empresa e a sociedade a partir do tema responsabilidade social. O método de análise de discurso é utilizado com o objetivo de identifi car e compreender como a companhia e a sociedade estão presentes no discurso de seis fundações. A análise revela que, além de protagonistas na criação de valor social, essas entidades vêm desempenhando um papel estratégico para a companhia, conforme a retórica da "nova" filantropia. Primeiro, quando assumem a função de dialogar com os stakeholders, tornando-se pontos de referência para a compreensão das necessidades, dos interesses e das expectativas da sociedade. Segundo, como espaço ampliado de gestão, visto que a companhia está presente de forma significativa no discurso das fundações.

Discurso; estratégia; filantropia; fundações; responsabilidade social


Private social investment usually takes place through corporate foundations. This article analyzes how foundations shape a discourse to create a relationship with corporations and the society based on social responsibility. The discourse analysis method is used here to identify and understand how the company and the society are present in the discourse of six foundations. The analysis reveals that corporate foundations are not only the protagonists in the creation of social value, but they are also playing a strategic role in the company. This happens, first, when these foundations dialogue with stakeholders, becoming a point of reference for the understanding of the necessities, interests and expectations of the society. Second, because they are an amplified space for management, as the company is significantly present in the discourse of foundations.

Discourse; strategy; philanthropy; foundations; social responsibility


ARTIGOS

O discurso das fundações corporativas: caminhos de uma "nova" filantropia?

Jacquelaine Florindo Borges; Rodrigo Miranda; Valdir Machado Valadão Júnior

Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

RESUMO

O investimento social privado se realiza, muitas vezes, por meio das fundações corporativas. Este artigo analisa como as fundações constroem discursivamente sua relação com a empresa e a sociedade a partir do tema responsabilidade social. O método de análise de discurso é utilizado com o objetivo de identifi car e compreender como a companhia e a sociedade estão presentes no discurso de seis fundações. A análise revela que, além de protagonistas na criação de valor social, essas entidades vêm desempenhando um papel estratégico para a companhia, conforme a retórica da "nova" filantropia. Primeiro, quando assumem a função de dialogar com os stakeholders, tornando-se pontos de referência para a compreensão das necessidades, dos interesses e das expectativas da sociedade. Segundo, como espaço ampliado de gestão, visto que a companhia está presente de forma significativa no discurso das fundações.

Palavras-chave: Discurso, estratégia, filantropia, fundações, responsabilidade social.

ABSTRACT

Private social investment usually takes place through corporate foundations. This article analyzes how foundations shape a discourse to create a relationship with corporations and the society based on social responsibility. The discourse analysis method is used here to identify and understand how the company and the society are present in the discourse of six foundations. The analysis reveals that corporate foundations are not only the protagonists in the creation of social value, but they are also playing a strategic role in the company. This happens, first, when these foundations dialogue with stakeholders, becoming a point of reference for the understanding of the necessities, interests and expectations of the society. Second, because they are an amplified space for management, as the company is significantly present in the discourse of foundations.

Keywords: Discourse, strategy, philanthropy, foundations, social responsibility.

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REFERÊNCIAS

AITH, M.; GUANDALINI, G. Os santos do capitalismo. Veja, p. 59-69, 05 jul. 2006.

BAKKER, F. G.; GROENEWEGEN, P.; HOND, F. D. A bibliometric analysis of 30 years of research and theory on corporate social responsibility and corporate social performance. Business & Society, v. 44, n. 3, p. 283317, 2005.

BAKKER, F. G.; GROENEWEGEN, P.; HOND, F. D. A research note on the use of bibliometrics to review the corporate social responsibility and corporate social performance literature. Business & Society, v. 45, n. 1, p. 7-19, 2006.

BARON, D. P. Private politics, corporate social responsibility, and integrated strategy. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, v. 10, n. 1, p. 7-45, 2001.

BRAMMER, S. J.; PAVELIN, S. Corporate Reputation and Social Performance: the importance of fit and social performance. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 3, p. 435-455, 2006.

BRANCO, M. C.; RODRIGUES, L. L. Corporate social responsibility and resource-based perspectives. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 69, p. 111-132, 2006.

CAMPBELL, D.; MOORE, G.; METZGER, M. Corporate philanthropy in the UK 1985-2000: some empirical findings. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 39, p. 29-41, 2002.

CARROLL, A. B. A Three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, v. 4, n. 4, p. 497505, 1979.

CARROLL, A. B. The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, v. 34, n. 4, p. 39-39, 1991.

CARROLL, A. B. Corporate social responsibility: evolution of a definitional construct. Business & Society, v. 38, n. 3, p. 268-295, 1999.

CARROLL, A. B.; BUCHHOLTZ, A. K. Corporate citizenship: social responsibility, responsiveness, and performance. In. CARROLL, A. B.; BUCHHOLTZ, A. K. Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management. Mason, OH: Thomson Learning, 2003.

CLEGG; S.; CARTER, C.; KORNBERGER, M. A "máquina estratégica": fundamentos epistemológicos e desenvolvimentos em curso. RAE-revista de administração de empresas, v. 44, n. 4, p. 21-31, 2004.

COCHRAN, P. L.; WOOD, R. A. Corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, v. 27, n. 1, p. 4256, 1984.

COLLINS, D. Capitalism and sin: please exploit me for your benefit. Business & Society, v. 35, n.1, p. 42-50, 1996.

DAVENPORT, K. Corporate citizenship: a stakeholder approach for defining corporate social performance and identifying measures for assessing it. Business & Society, v. 39, n. 2, p. 210-219, 2000.

DAVIS, K. The case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities. Academy of Management Journal, v. 16, n. 2, p. 312-322, 1973.

DENTCHEV, N. A. Corporate social performance as a business strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 55, n. 4, p. 397-412, 2004.

DIJK, T. A. V. Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London: Sage, 2000.

DIJK, T. A. V. Discourse and manipulation. Discourse and Society, v. 17, n. 3, p. 359-383, 2006.

DOH, J. P.; GUAY, T. R. Corporate social responsibility, public policy, and NGO activism in Europe and United States: as institutional-stakeholder perspective. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 1, p. 47-73, 2006.

DONALDSON, L.; PRESTON, L. The stakeholder theory of corporation: concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, v. 20, n. 1, p. 65-91, 1995.

FAIRCLOUGH, N. Discurso e mudança social. Brasília: Ed. da Universidade de Brasília, 2001.

FAIRCLOUGH, N. Discourse analysis in organization studies: the case for critical realism. Organization Studies, v. 26, n. 6, p. 915-939, 2005.

FOMBRUM, C.; SHANLEY, M. What's in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy. Academy of Management Journal, v. 33, n. 2, p. 233-258, 1990.

FOMBRUM, C. J.; GARDBERG, N. A.; BARBETT, M. L. Opportunity platforms and safety nets: corporate citizenship and reputational risk. Business & Society Review, v. 105, n. 1, p. 85-106, 2000.

FREEMAN, R. E. Divergent stakeholder theory. Academy of Management Review, v. 24, n. 2, 33-236, 1999.

FREEMAN, R. E.; PHILLIPS, R. A. Stakeholder theory: a libertarian defense. Business Ethics Quarterly, v. 12, n. 3, p. 331-349, 2002.

FREEMAN, R. E.; REED, D. L. Stockholders and stakeholders: a new perspective on corporate governance. California Management Review, v. 25, n. 3, p. 88-106, 1983.

FRIEDMAN, M. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. The New York Times Magazine, set. 13, 1970.

GARRIGA, E.; MELÉ, D. Corporate social responsibility theories: mapping the territory. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 53, n. 1-2, p. 51-71, 2004.

GILL, R. Análise de discurso. In: BAUER, M. W.; GASKELL, G. Pesquisa qualitativa com texto, imagem e som. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2002.

GODFREY, P. C. The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: a risk management perspective. Academy of Management Review, v. 30, n. 4, p. 777-798, 2005.

GRANT, D.; KEENOY, T.; OSWICK, C. Organizational discourse: key contributions and challenges. International studies of Management & Organization, v. 31, n. 3, p. 5-24, 2001.

GRIFFIN, J. J. Corporate social performance: research directions for the 21st century. Business & Society, v. 39, n. 4, p. 479-491, 2000.

GRIFFIN, J. J.; MAHON, J. F. The corporate social performance and corporate financial performance debate. Business & Society, v. 36, n. 1, p. 5-31, 1997.

HARDY, C. Researching organizational discourse. International Studies of Management and Organization, v. 31, n. 3, p. 25-47, 2001.

HARDY, C.; PALMER, I.; PHILLIPS, N. Discourse as a strategic resource. Human Relations, v. 53, n. 9, p. 1227-1248, 2000.

HARRISON, S. M. Foundations and public service. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, v. 9, n. 1, p. 107-116, 1949.

HART, S. L. A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, v. 20, n. 4, p. 986-1014, 1995.

HOSMER, L. T. It's time for empirical research in business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, v. 10, n. 1, p. 233-242, 2000.

JONES, T. M.; Instrumental stakeholder theory: a synthesis of ethics and economics. Academy of Management Review, v. 20, n. 2, p. 404-437, 1995.

JONES, T. M. Missing the forest for the trees: a critique of the social responsibility concept and discourse. Business & Society, v. 35, n. 1, p. 7-41, 1996.

JONES, T. M.; WICKS, A. C. Convergent stakeholder theory. Academy of Management Review, v. 24, n. 2, p. 206-221, 1999.

KATZ, S. N. What does it mean to say that philanthropy is "effective"? The philanthropists' new clothes. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, v. 149, n. 2, p. 123-131, 2005.

KNIGHTS, D.; MORGAN, G. Corporate strategy, organizations, and subjectivity: a critique. Organizations Studies, v. 12, n. 2, p. 251-272, 1991.

LOCKETT, A.; MOON, J.; VISSER, W. Corporate social responsibility in management research: focus, nature, salience and sources of influence. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 1, p. 115-136, 2006.

LODGSON, J. M.; WOOD, D. J. Business citizenship from domestic to global level of analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, v. 12, n. 2, p. 155-187, 2002.

McWILLIAMS, A.; SIEGEL, D. Corporate social responsibility: a theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, v. 26, n. 1, p. 117-127, 2001.

McWILLIAMS, A.; SIEGEL, D. S.; WRIGHT, P. M. Corporate social responsibility: strategic implications. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 1, p. 1-18, 2006.

MOIR, L.; TAFLLER, R. J. Does corporate philanthropy exist?: business giving to the arts in the UK. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 54, p. 149-161, 2004.

POLLACH, I. Communicating corporate ethics on the World Wide Web: a discourse analysis of selected company web sites. Business & Society, v. 42, n. 2, p. 277-287, 2003.

PORTER, M. E.; KRAMER, M. R. Philanthropy's new agenda: creating value. Harvard Business Review, p. 126-127, nov. 1999.

PORTER, M. E.; KRAMER, M. R. The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, v. 80, n. 12, p. 56-69, 2002.

PRESTON, L. E.; O'BANNON, D. P. The corporate social-financial performance relationship: a typology and analysis. Business & Society, v. 36, n. 4, p. 419-429, 1997.

ROWLEY, T. BERMAN, S. A brand new brand of corporate social performance. Business & Society, v. 39, n. 4, p. 397-418, 2000.

SAIIA, D. H.; CARROLL, A.B.; BUCHHOLTZ, A. K. Philanthropy as strategy: when corporate charity "begins at home". Business & Society, v. 42, n. 2, p. 169-201, 2003.

SASSE, C. M.; TRAHAN, R. T. Rethinking the new corporate philanthropy. Business Horizons, v. 50, p. 29-38, 2007.

SMITH, C. The new corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, p. 105-116, maio/jun., 1994.

SOARES, G. M.P. Responsabilidade social corporativa: por uma boa causa. RAE-eletrônica, v. 3, n. 2, p. 15, 2004.

THOMPSON, J. B. Ideologia e cultura moderna. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2002.

TREVIÑO, L. K.; WEAVER, G. R. The stakeholder research tradition: converging theorists − Not convergent theory. Academy of Management Review, v. 24, n. 2, p. 222-227, 1999.

WADDOCK, S. A.; GRAVES, S. B. The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, v. 18, n. 4, p. 303-319, 1997.

WESTHUES, M.; EINWILLER, S. Corporate foundations: their role for corporate social responsibility. Corporate Reputation Review, v. 9, n. 2, p. 144-153, 2006.

WHITTINGTON, R. Estratégia após o modernismo: recuperando a prática. RAE-revista de administração de empresas, v. 44, n. 4, p. 44-53, 2004.

WINDSOR, D. Corporate social responsibility: three key approaches. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 1, p. 93-114, 2006.

WOOD, D. Corporate social performance revisited. Academy of Management Review, v. 16, n. 4, p. 691-718, 1991.

Artigo recebido em 04.05.2007.

Aprovado em 20.08.2007.

Jacquelaine Florindo Borges

Mestre em Administração pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Interesses de pesquisa nas áreas de relações organização e sociedade, estudos organizacionais, análise de discurso, estratégia, gestão e complexidade. E-mail: jac.borges@uol.com.br Endereço: Av. Mato Grosso, 1982, Uberlândia −MG, 38400-724.

Rodrigo Miranda

Mestre em Administração pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Interesses de pesquisa nas áreas de estudos organizacionais, estratégia, teoria critica, gestão em organizações do terceiro setor. E-mail: rodmiranda@netsite.com.br Endereço: Av. Teresina, 1565, Umuarama, Uberlândia − MG, 38405-324.

Valdir Machado Valadão Júnior

Doutor em Engenharia de Produção pela UFSC. Interesses de pesquisa em responsabilidade organizacional e responsabilidade socioambiental. E-mail: valdirjr@ufu.com.br Endereço: Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Campus Santa Mônica, bloco F, sala 1 F 225, Santa Maria, Uberlândia – MG, 38400-902.

  • AITH, M.; GUANDALINI, G. Os santos do capitalismo. Veja, p. 59-69, 05 jul. 2006.
  • BAKKER, F. G.; GROENEWEGEN, P.; HOND, F. D. A bibliometric analysis of 30 years of research and theory on corporate social responsibility and corporate social performance. Business & Society, v. 44, n. 3, p. 283317, 2005.
  • BAKKER, F. G.; GROENEWEGEN, P.; HOND, F. D. A research note on the use of bibliometrics to review the corporate social responsibility and corporate social performance literature. Business & Society, v. 45, n. 1, p. 7-19, 2006.
  • BARON, D. P. Private politics, corporate social responsibility, and integrated strategy. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, v. 10, n. 1, p. 7-45, 2001.
  • BRAMMER, S. J.; PAVELIN, S. Corporate Reputation and Social Performance: the importance of fit and social performance. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 3, p. 435-455, 2006.
  • BRANCO, M. C.; RODRIGUES, L. L. Corporate social responsibility and resource-based perspectives. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 69, p. 111-132, 2006.
  • CAMPBELL, D.; MOORE, G.; METZGER, M. Corporate philanthropy in the UK 1985-2000: some empirical findings. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 39, p. 29-41, 2002.
  • CARROLL, A. B. A Three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, v. 4, n. 4, p. 497505, 1979.
  • CARROLL, A. B. The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, v. 34, n. 4, p. 39-39, 1991.
  • CARROLL, A. B. Corporate social responsibility: evolution of a definitional construct. Business & Society, v. 38, n. 3, p. 268-295, 1999.
  • CARROLL, A. B.; BUCHHOLTZ, A. K. Corporate citizenship: social responsibility, responsiveness, and performance. In. CARROLL, A. B.; BUCHHOLTZ, A. K. Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management. Mason, OH: Thomson Learning, 2003.
  • CLEGG; S.; CARTER, C.; KORNBERGER, M. A "máquina estratégica": fundamentos epistemológicos e desenvolvimentos em curso. RAE-revista de administração de empresas, v. 44, n. 4, p. 21-31, 2004.
  • COCHRAN, P. L.; WOOD, R. A. Corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, v. 27, n. 1, p. 4256, 1984.
  • COLLINS, D. Capitalism and sin: please exploit me for your benefit. Business & Society, v. 35, n.1, p. 42-50, 1996.
  • DAVENPORT, K. Corporate citizenship: a stakeholder approach for defining corporate social performance and identifying measures for assessing it. Business & Society, v. 39, n. 2, p. 210-219, 2000.
  • DAVIS, K. The case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities. Academy of Management Journal, v. 16, n. 2, p. 312-322, 1973.
  • DENTCHEV, N. A. Corporate social performance as a business strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 55, n. 4, p. 397-412, 2004.
  • DIJK, T. A. V. Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London: Sage, 2000.
  • DIJK, T. A. V. Discourse and manipulation. Discourse and Society, v. 17, n. 3, p. 359-383, 2006.
  • DOH, J. P.; GUAY, T. R. Corporate social responsibility, public policy, and NGO activism in Europe and United States: as institutional-stakeholder perspective. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 1, p. 47-73, 2006.
  • DONALDSON, L.; PRESTON, L. The stakeholder theory of corporation: concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, v. 20, n. 1, p. 65-91, 1995.
  • FAIRCLOUGH, N. Discurso e mudança social Brasília: Ed. da Universidade de Brasília, 2001.
  • FAIRCLOUGH, N. Discourse analysis in organization studies: the case for critical realism. Organization Studies, v. 26, n. 6, p. 915-939, 2005.
  • FOMBRUM, C.; SHANLEY, M. What's in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy. Academy of Management Journal, v. 33, n. 2, p. 233-258, 1990.
  • FOMBRUM, C. J.; GARDBERG, N. A.; BARBETT, M. L. Opportunity platforms and safety nets: corporate citizenship and reputational risk. Business & Society Review, v. 105, n. 1, p. 85-106, 2000.
  • FREEMAN, R. E. Divergent stakeholder theory. Academy of Management Review, v. 24, n. 2, 33-236, 1999.
  • FREEMAN, R. E.; PHILLIPS, R. A. Stakeholder theory: a libertarian defense. Business Ethics Quarterly, v. 12, n. 3, p. 331-349, 2002.
  • FREEMAN, R. E.; REED, D. L. Stockholders and stakeholders: a new perspective on corporate governance. California Management Review, v. 25, n. 3, p. 88-106, 1983.
  • FRIEDMAN, M. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. The New York Times Magazine, set. 13, 1970.
  • GARRIGA, E.; MELÉ, D. Corporate social responsibility theories: mapping the territory. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 53, n. 1-2, p. 51-71, 2004.
  • GILL, R. Análise de discurso. In: BAUER, M. W.; GASKELL, G. Pesquisa qualitativa com texto, imagem e som Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2002.
  • GODFREY, P. C. The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: a risk management perspective. Academy of Management Review, v. 30, n. 4, p. 777-798, 2005.
  • GRANT, D.; KEENOY, T.; OSWICK, C. Organizational discourse: key contributions and challenges. International studies of Management & Organization, v. 31, n. 3, p. 5-24, 2001.
  • GRIFFIN, J. J. Corporate social performance: research directions for the 21st century. Business & Society, v. 39, n. 4, p. 479-491, 2000.
  • GRIFFIN, J. J.; MAHON, J. F. The corporate social performance and corporate financial performance debate. Business & Society, v. 36, n. 1, p. 5-31, 1997.
  • HARDY, C. Researching organizational discourse. International Studies of Management and Organization, v. 31, n. 3, p. 25-47, 2001.
  • HARDY, C.; PALMER, I.; PHILLIPS, N. Discourse as a strategic resource. Human Relations, v. 53, n. 9, p. 1227-1248, 2000.
  • HARRISON, S. M. Foundations and public service. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, v. 9, n. 1, p. 107-116, 1949.
  • HART, S. L. A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, v. 20, n. 4, p. 986-1014, 1995.
  • HOSMER, L. T. It's time for empirical research in business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, v. 10, n. 1, p. 233-242, 2000.
  • JONES, T. M.; Instrumental stakeholder theory: a synthesis of ethics and economics. Academy of Management Review, v. 20, n. 2, p. 404-437, 1995.
  • JONES, T. M. Missing the forest for the trees: a critique of the social responsibility concept and discourse. Business & Society, v. 35, n. 1, p. 7-41, 1996.
  • JONES, T. M.; WICKS, A. C. Convergent stakeholder theory. Academy of Management Review, v. 24, n. 2, p. 206-221, 1999.
  • KATZ, S. N. What does it mean to say that philanthropy is "effective"? The philanthropists' new clothes. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, v. 149, n. 2, p. 123-131, 2005.
  • KNIGHTS, D.; MORGAN, G. Corporate strategy, organizations, and subjectivity: a critique. Organizations Studies, v. 12, n. 2, p. 251-272, 1991.
  • LOCKETT, A.; MOON, J.; VISSER, W. Corporate social responsibility in management research: focus, nature, salience and sources of influence. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 1, p. 115-136, 2006.
  • LODGSON, J. M.; WOOD, D. J. Business citizenship from domestic to global level of analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, v. 12, n. 2, p. 155-187, 2002.
  • McWILLIAMS, A.; SIEGEL, D. Corporate social responsibility: a theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, v. 26, n. 1, p. 117-127, 2001.
  • McWILLIAMS, A.; SIEGEL, D. S.; WRIGHT, P. M. Corporate social responsibility: strategic implications. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 1, p. 1-18, 2006.
  • MOIR, L.; TAFLLER, R. J. Does corporate philanthropy exist?: business giving to the arts in the UK. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 54, p. 149-161, 2004.
  • POLLACH, I. Communicating corporate ethics on the World Wide Web: a discourse analysis of selected company web sites. Business & Society, v. 42, n. 2, p. 277-287, 2003.
  • PORTER, M. E.; KRAMER, M. R. Philanthropy's new agenda: creating value. Harvard Business Review, p. 126-127, nov. 1999.
  • PORTER, M. E.; KRAMER, M. R. The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, v. 80, n. 12, p. 56-69, 2002.
  • PRESTON, L. E.; O'BANNON, D. P. The corporate social-financial performance relationship: a typology and analysis. Business & Society, v. 36, n. 4, p. 419-429, 1997.
  • ROWLEY, T. BERMAN, S. A brand new brand of corporate social performance. Business & Society, v. 39, n. 4, p. 397-418, 2000.
  • SAIIA, D. H.; CARROLL, A.B.; BUCHHOLTZ, A. K. Philanthropy as strategy: when corporate charity "begins at home". Business & Society, v. 42, n. 2, p. 169-201, 2003.
  • SASSE, C. M.; TRAHAN, R. T. Rethinking the new corporate philanthropy. Business Horizons, v. 50, p. 29-38, 2007.
  • SMITH, C. The new corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, p. 105-116, maio/jun., 1994.
  • SOARES, G. M.P. Responsabilidade social corporativa: por uma boa causa. RAE-eletrônica, v. 3, n. 2, p. 15, 2004.
  • THOMPSON, J. B. Ideologia e cultura moderna Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2002.
  • WADDOCK, S. A.; GRAVES, S. B. The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, v. 18, n. 4, p. 303-319, 1997.
  • WESTHUES, M.; EINWILLER, S. Corporate foundations: their role for corporate social responsibility. Corporate Reputation Review, v. 9, n. 2, p. 144-153, 2006.
  • WHITTINGTON, R. Estratégia após o modernismo: recuperando a prática. RAE-revista de administração de empresas, v. 44, n. 4, p. 44-53, 2004.
  • WINDSOR, D. Corporate social responsibility: three key approaches. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 1, p. 93-114, 2006.
  • WOOD, D. Corporate social performance revisited. Academy of Management Review, v. 16, n. 4, p. 691-718, 1991.

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    03 Fev 2011
  • Data do Fascículo
    Dez 2007
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