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Artigos • Rev. adm. empres. 48 (2) • Jun 2008 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902008000200004   copiar

Tensões entre econômico e social: uma proposta de análise à luz da teoria da estruturação

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumos

Uma das questões relevantes no campo dos estudos sobre organizações sem fins lucrativos é entender as particularidades desse fenômeno organizacional. Neste trabalho, recorremos à Teoria da Estruturação como quadro teórico-conceitual para analisá-lo. Propomos como contribuição ao avanço do conhecimento no campo o uso do conceito de processos de estruturação, elaborado a partir do trabalho originalmente desenvolvido pelo sociólogo britânico Anthony Giddens. O quadro conceitual identifica e analisa as idéias contidas nas principais perspectivas teóricas na produção acadêmica sobre Economia Social e not-for-profi t organizations (NPO). O trabalho apresenta dupla contribuição: oferece - por meio de um estudo de caso - experiência empírica com um quadro de análise estruturacionista, e avança a discussão sobre particularidades das organizações sem fins lucrativos como fenômeno organizacional que aumentou em quantidade e em complexidade a partir das duas últimas décadas do século XX. O conceito de processos de estruturação permite a análise de paradoxos e conflitos organizacionais, tomando-se a estrutura não como um ente estático que defi ne restrições à ação ou limita escopos de autoridade, mas como abstração que revela como as regras e os recursos de um sistema social se relacionam, num processo definido por Giddens como dualidade da estrutura.

Paradoxos organizacionais; estrutura organizacional; teoria da estruturação; organizações sem fins lucrativos; economia social

One of the relevant issues in the field of studies into not-for-profit organizations is to understand the singular characteristics of this organizational phenomenon. In this work we have turned to the basis of the Structuration Theory for analyzing such organizations. We propose that its contribution to the advance of knowledge in this field is its use of the concept of structural processes, prepared from work originally done by British sociologist, Anthony Giddens. The conceptual framework identifies and analyses the ideas contained in the main theoretical perspectives found in academic works on Social Economics and not-for-profit organizations (NPO). This work makes a double contribution: by means of a case study, it offers empirical experience that takes a structuration analytical approach, and moves forward the discussion on singular characteristics of not-for-profi t organizations as an organizational phenomenon, which increased during the last two decades of the XXth century. The concept of structuration processes allows for the analysis of organizational paradoxes and conflicts, taking the structure not as a static object that defi nes the restrictions to action or limits the scope of authority, but as an abstraction that reveals how the rules and resources of a social system relate with each other in a process defined by Giddens as the duality of structure.

Organizational paradoxes; organizational structure; structuration theory; not-for-profit organizations; social economics

ARTIGOS

Tensões entre econômico e social: uma proposta de análise à luz da teoria da estruturação

Andrea Leite Rodrigues

UNINOVE e FGV-EAESP

RESUMO

Uma das questões relevantes no campo dos estudos sobre organizações sem fins lucrativos é entender as particularidades desse fenômeno organizacional. Neste trabalho, recorremos à Teoria da Estruturação como quadro teórico-conceitual para analisá-lo. Propomos como contribuição ao avanço do conhecimento no campo o uso do conceito de processos de estruturação, elaborado a partir do trabalho originalmente desenvolvido pelo sociólogo britânico Anthony Giddens. O quadro conceitual identifica e analisa as idéias contidas nas principais perspectivas teóricas na produção acadêmica sobre Economia Social e not-for-profi t organizations (NPO). O trabalho apresenta dupla contribuição: oferece – por meio de um estudo de caso – experiência empírica com um quadro de análise estruturacionista, e avança a discussão sobre particularidades das organizações sem fins lucrativos como fenômeno organizacional que aumentou em quantidade e em complexidade a partir das duas últimas décadas do século XX. O conceito de processos de estruturação permite a análise de paradoxos e conflitos organizacionais, tomando-se a estrutura não como um ente estático que defi ne restrições à ação ou limita escopos de autoridade, mas como abstração que revela como as regras e os recursos de um sistema social se relacionam, num processo definido por Giddens como dualidade da estrutura.

Palavras-chave: Paradoxos organizacionais, estrutura organizacional, teoria da estruturação, organizações sem fins lucrativos, economia social.

ABSTRACT

One of the relevant issues in the field of studies into not-for-profit organizations is to understand the singular characteristics of this organizational phenomenon. In this work we have turned to the basis of the Structuration Theory for analyzing such organizations. We propose that its contribution to the advance of knowledge in this field is its use of the concept of structural processes, prepared from work originally done by British sociologist, Anthony Giddens. The conceptual framework identifies and analyses the ideas contained in the main theoretical perspectives found in academic works on Social Economics and not-for-profit organizations (NPO). This work makes a double contribution: by means of a case study, it offers empirical experience that takes a structuration analytical approach, and moves forward the discussion on singular characteristics of not-for-profi t organizations as an organizational phenomenon, which increased during the last two decades of the XXth century. The concept of structuration processes allows for the analysis of organizational paradoxes and conflicts, taking the structure not as a static object that defi nes the restrictions to action or limits the scope of authority, but as an abstraction that reveals how the rules and resources of a social system relate with each other in a process defined by Giddens as the duality of structure.

Keywords: Organizational paradoxes, organizational structure, structuration theory, not-for-profit organizations, social economics.

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Full text available only in PDF format.

REFERÊNCIAS

ALLARD-POESI, F.; MARÉCHAL, C. Construction de l'objet de la recherche. In: THIÉTART, R. A.; e outros. Méthodes de recherche en management. Paris: Dunod, 1999.

BARDIN, L. Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições 70, 1977.

BARLEY, S. Technology as an occasion for structuring: evidence from observations of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 31, p. 78-108, 1986.

BAUER, M. W.; GASKELL, G. Qualitative researching with text, image and sound. London: Sage, 2000.

BERGER, P.; LUCKMANN, T. A construção social da realidade. 20. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Vozes, 2001.

BRIAND, L.; BELLEMARE, G. Théories des organizations et de la structuration selon Giddens: recueil des textes colligés. Cahier du CRISES, n. RT-28, 2001.

BORZAGA, C.; DEFOURNY, J. (Ed). The emergence of social enterprise. London: Routledge, 2001. (Col. Studies of Voluntary and Non-profit Organizations. ).

BOUCHIKHI, H. Structuration des organizations: concepts constructivistes et étude de cas. Paris: Economica, 1993.

BURNS, T.; STALKER, G. M. The management of innovation. London: Tavistock Institute, 1961.

COOPERRIDER, D.; PASMORE, W. Global social change: a new agenda for social science? Human Relations, v. 44, n. 10, p. 1037-1055, 1991.

DEFOURNY, J. Introduction: from third sector to social enterprise. IN: BORZAGA, C.; DEFOURNY, J. (Ed). The emergence of social enterprise. London: Routledge, 2001. p. 1-28. (Col. Studies of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. ).

DIMAGGIO, P. J.; POWELL, W. W. The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, v. 48, n. 2, p. 147-160, 1983.

ERALY, A. La structuration de l'entreprise: la rationalité en action. Bruxelles: Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2001.

FOMBRUN, C. Structural dynamics within and between organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 31, n. 5, p. 403-421, 1986.

GIDDENS, A. Central problems in social theory: action, structure and contradiction in social analysis. Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979.

GIDDENS, A. The constitution of society: outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984.

GOLDEN-BIDDLE, K.; LOCKE, K. Composing qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1997.

HANNAN, J.; FREEMAN, J. Organizational ecology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.

HATCH, M. J. Exploring the empty spaces of organizing: how improvisional jazz helps redescribe organizational structure. Organization Studies, v. 20, n. 1, p. 75-100, 1999.

JUNQUILHO, G. Condutas gerenciais e suas raízes: uma proposta de análise à luz da teoria da estruturação. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, v. 7, edição especial, p. 101-120, 2003.

LAWRENCE, P. R.; LORCH, J. W. Organization and environment. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1967.

MALO, M. C. La gestion stratégique de la coopérative et de l'association d'économie sociale. 1ière partie: l'entrepreneur et son environnement. Revue Internationale de L'Économie Sociale, v. 80, n. 281, p. 84-95, 2001.

MALO, M. C. La coopération et l'économie sociale. Les Cahiers des Leçons Inaugurales, Hec-Montréal. Cahiers du CRISES, n. 101, 2000. Disponível em: <http://www.crises.uqam.ca> Acesso em 31.03.2005.

MALO, M. C.; VEZINA, M. Stratégie, gouvernance et gestion de l'entreprise collective d'usagers. Cahiers du CRISES, Collection Working Papers, Montréal, 2003.

MARCH, J. G.; SIMON, H. A. Organizations. New York: Wiley, 1958.

MERTON, R. Bureaucratique structure and personality. In: MERTON, R. Social theory and social structure. 2. ed. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1957.

MEYER, J. W.; ROWAN, B. Institutionalized organizations: formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, v. 83, n. 2, p. 340-363, 1977.

MINTZBERG, H. The structuring of organizations: a synthesis of the research. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1979.

MORGAN, G.; BURRELL, G. Sociological paradigms of corporate life. London: Heinemann, 1979.

NIZET, J.; PICHAULT, F. Introduction à la théorie des configurations. Paris: Gaetan Morin, 2001.

ORLIKOWSKI, W. Using technology and constituting structures: a practice lens for studying technology in organizations. Organization Science, v. 11, n. 4, p. 404-428, 2000.

PATTON, M. Q. Qualitative research & evaluation methods. 3. ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2002.

PECI, A. Estrutura e ação nas organizações: algumas perspectivas sociológicas. Revista de Administração de Empresas, v. 43, n. 1, p. 24-35, 2003.

POWELL, W.; DIMAGGIO, P.J. (Ed). The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

POZZEBON, M.; PINSONNEAULT, A. Challenges in conducting empirical work using structuration theory: learning form IT research. Organization Studies, v. 26, n. 9, p. 1353-1376, 2005.

PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, C. R. Empirical taxonomy of structures of work organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 14, n. 1, p. 115-126, 1969a.

PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, C. R.; TURNER, C. The context of organizations structures. Administrative Science Quaterly, v. 8, p 289-315. 1963.

PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, R.; TURNER, C. The dimensions of organization structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 13, n. 1, p. 65-105, June 1968.

PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, C. R.; TURNER, C. The context of organizations structures. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 14, n. 1, p. 47-61, 1969b.

PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, C. R.; MACDONALD, K., TURNER, C.; LUPTON, T. A conceptual scheme for organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 8, p. 289-315, 1963.

RANSON, S.; HININGS, B.; GREENWOOD, R. The structuring of organizations structures. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 25, n. 1, p. 1-17, Mar. 1980.

RILEY, P. A structuracionist account of political culture. Administrative Science Quaterly, v. 28, n. 1, p. 414-437, 1983.

ROULEAU, L. La structuration sociale de l'activité stratégique: les cas Irving Samuel et Jean-Claude Poitras. 1995. Thèse (Doctorat) – École des HEC, Montréal.

SALAMON, L. The rise of the nonprofit sector. Foreign Affairs, v. 73, n. 4, p. 109-122, 1994.

SALAMON, L.; ANHEIMER, H. The emerging sector: an overview. Baltimore, 1994.

SCOTT, W. R. Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994.

SCOTT, W. R.; MEYER, J. W. The organization of societal sectors: propositions and early evidence. In: MEYER, J. W.; SCOTT, W. R (Ed). Organizational environments: ritual and rationality, 1983. p. 129-153. Versão revisada In: POWELL, W.; DIMAGGIO, P. J. (Ed). The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. p. 108-140.

SELZNICK, P. TVA and the grass roots. Berkeley: University of California WEBER, M. Economia e sociedade: fundamentos da sociologia compreen-Press, 1949. siva. v. 1, Brasília: Editora da Universidade de Brasília. 1991. v. 1.

SEWELL JR., W. H. A. Theory of structure: duality, agency and transfor-WEICK, K. E. Organizational design as improvisation. In: HUBER, mation. American Journal of Sociology, v. 98, n. 1, p. 1-29, 1992. G. P.; GLICK, W. H. (Ed). Organization change and redesign: ideas and insights for improving performance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

STINCHCOMBE, A. L. Social structure and organization. In: MARCH, J. G. Handbook of organizations. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1959. p. 142-193.

WEICK, K. E. Introductory essay, improvisation as a mindset for organizational analysis. Organization Science, v. 9, n. 5, p. 543-555, VAN DE VEN, A. H.; HUBER, G. P. Longitudinal field research methods for studying process of organizational change. Organization Science, v. 1, n. 3, p. 213-219, 1982.

WOODWARD, J. Industrial organizations: theory and practice. London: VIENNEY, C. L'Économie sociale. Paris: La Decouverte, 1994. Oxford University Press, 1965.

Artigo recebido em 31.03.2005.

Aprovado em 07.03.2008.

Andréa Leite Rodrigues

Professora do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Universidade Nove de Julho, e da Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas Doutora em Administração de Empresas pela Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas Interesses de pesquisa em impactos sociais da gestão organizacional e teoria das organizações E-mail rodriguesal@uol.com.br Endereço: Av. Francisco Matarazzo, 612, Prédio C, Térreo, Barra Funda, São Paulo – SP, 05001-100

  • ALLARD-POESI, F.; MARÉCHAL, C. Construction de l'objet de la recherche. In: THIÉTART, R. A.; e outros. Méthodes de recherche en management Paris: Dunod, 1999.
  • BARDIN, L. Análise de conteúdo Lisboa: Edições 70, 1977.
  • BARLEY, S. Technology as an occasion for structuring: evidence from observations of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 31, p. 78-108, 1986.
  • BAUER, M. W.; GASKELL, G. Qualitative researching with text, image and sound London: Sage, 2000.
  • BERGER, P.; LUCKMANN, T. A construção social da realidade 20. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Vozes, 2001.
  • BRIAND, L.; BELLEMARE, G. Théories des organizations et de la structuration selon Giddens: recueil des textes colligés. Cahier du CRISES, n. RT-28, 2001.
  • BORZAGA, C.; DEFOURNY, J. (Ed). The emergence of social enterprise London: Routledge, 2001. (Col. Studies of Voluntary and Non-profit Organizations.
  • BOUCHIKHI, H. Structuration des organizations: concepts constructivistes et étude de cas. Paris: Economica, 1993.
  • BURNS, T.; STALKER, G. M. The management of innovation London: Tavistock Institute, 1961.
  • COOPERRIDER, D.; PASMORE, W. Global social change: a new agenda for social science? Human Relations, v. 44, n. 10, p. 1037-1055, 1991.
  • DEFOURNY, J. Introduction: from third sector to social enterprise. IN: BORZAGA, C.; DEFOURNY, J. (Ed). The emergence of social enterprise London: Routledge, 2001. p. 1-28. (Col. Studies of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations.
  • DIMAGGIO, P. J.; POWELL, W. W. The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, v. 48, n. 2, p. 147-160, 1983.
  • ERALY, A. La structuration de l'entreprise: la rationalité en action. Bruxelles: Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2001.
  • FOMBRUN, C. Structural dynamics within and between organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 31, n. 5, p. 403-421, 1986.
  • GIDDENS, A. Central problems in social theory: action, structure and contradiction in social analysis. Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979.
  • GIDDENS, A. The constitution of society: outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984.
  • GOLDEN-BIDDLE, K.; LOCKE, K. Composing qualitative research Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1997.
  • HANNAN, J.; FREEMAN, J. Organizational ecology Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.
  • HATCH, M. J. Exploring the empty spaces of organizing: how improvisional jazz helps redescribe organizational structure. Organization Studies, v. 20, n. 1, p. 75-100, 1999.
  • JUNQUILHO, G. Condutas gerenciais e suas raízes: uma proposta de análise à luz da teoria da estruturação. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, v. 7, edição especial, p. 101-120, 2003.
  • LAWRENCE, P. R.; LORCH, J. W. Organization and environment Boston: Harvard University Press, 1967.
  • MALO, M. C. La gestion stratégique de la coopérative et de l'association d'économie sociale. 1ière partie: l'entrepreneur et son environnement. Revue Internationale de L'Économie Sociale, v. 80, n. 281, p. 84-95, 2001.
  • MALO, M. C. La coopération et l'économie sociale. Les Cahiers des Leçons Inaugurales, Hec-Montréal. Cahiers du CRISES, n. 101, 2000. Disponível em: <http://www.crises.uqam.ca> Acesso em 31.03.2005.
  • MALO, M. C.; VEZINA, M. Stratégie, gouvernance et gestion de l'entreprise collective d'usagers. Cahiers du CRISES, Collection Working Papers, Montréal, 2003.
  • MARCH, J. G.; SIMON, H. A. Organizations New York: Wiley, 1958.
  • MERTON, R. Bureaucratique structure and personality. In: MERTON, R. Social theory and social structure 2. ed. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1957.
  • MEYER, J. W.; ROWAN, B. Institutionalized organizations: formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, v. 83, n. 2, p. 340-363, 1977.
  • MINTZBERG, H. The structuring of organizations: a synthesis of the research. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1979.
  • MORGAN, G.; BURRELL, G. Sociological paradigms of corporate life London: Heinemann, 1979.
  • NIZET, J.; PICHAULT, F. Introduction à la théorie des configurations Paris: Gaetan Morin, 2001.
  • ORLIKOWSKI, W. Using technology and constituting structures: a practice lens for studying technology in organizations. Organization Science, v. 11, n. 4, p. 404-428, 2000.
  • PATTON, M. Q. Qualitative research & evaluation methods 3. ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2002.
  • PECI, A. Estrutura e ação nas organizações: algumas perspectivas sociológicas. Revista de Administração de Empresas, v. 43, n. 1, p. 24-35, 2003.
  • POWELL, W.; DIMAGGIO, P.J. (Ed). The new institutionalism in organizational analysis Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
  • POZZEBON, M.; PINSONNEAULT, A. Challenges in conducting empirical work using structuration theory: learning form IT research. Organization Studies, v. 26, n. 9, p. 1353-1376, 2005.
  • PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, C. R. Empirical taxonomy of structures of work organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 14, n. 1, p. 115-126, 1969a.
  • PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, C. R.; TURNER, C. The context of organizations structures. Administrative Science Quaterly, v. 8, p 289-315. 1963.
  • PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, R.; TURNER, C. The dimensions of organization structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 13, n. 1, p. 65-105, June 1968.
  • PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, C. R.; TURNER, C. The context of organizations structures. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 14, n. 1, p. 47-61, 1969b.
  • PUGH, D. S.; HICKSON, D. J.; HININGS, C. R.; MACDONALD, K., TURNER, C.; LUPTON, T. A conceptual scheme for organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 8, p. 289-315, 1963.
  • RANSON, S.; HININGS, B.; GREENWOOD, R. The structuring of organizations structures. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 25, n. 1, p. 1-17, Mar. 1980.
  • RILEY, P. A structuracionist account of political culture. Administrative Science Quaterly, v. 28, n. 1, p. 414-437, 1983.
  • ROULEAU, L. La structuration sociale de l'activité stratégique: les cas Irving Samuel et Jean-Claude Poitras. 1995. Thèse (Doctorat) École des HEC, Montréal.
  • SALAMON, L. The rise of the nonprofit sector. Foreign Affairs, v. 73, n. 4, p. 109-122, 1994.
  • SALAMON, L.; ANHEIMER, H. The emerging sector: an overview Baltimore, 1994.
  • SCOTT, W. R. Institutions and organizations Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994.
  • SCOTT, W. R.; MEYER, J. W. The organization of societal sectors: propositions and early evidence. In: MEYER, J. W.; SCOTT, W. R (Ed). Organizational environments: ritual and rationality, 1983. p. 129-153. Versão revisada In: POWELL,
  • W.; DIMAGGIO, P. J. (Ed). The new institutionalism in organizational analysis Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. p. 108-140.
  • SELZNICK, P. TVA and the grass roots Berkeley: University of California WEBER, M. Economia e sociedade: fundamentos da sociologia compreen-Press, 1949. siva. v. 1, Brasília: Editora da Universidade de Brasília. 1991. v. 1.
  • SEWELL JR., W. H. A. Theory of structure: duality, agency and transfor-WEICK, K. E. Organizational design as improvisation. In: HUBER, mation. American Journal of Sociology, v. 98, n. 1, p. 1-29, 1992.
  • G. P.; GLICK, W. H. (Ed). Organization change and redesign: ideas and insights for improving performance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  • STINCHCOMBE, A. L. Social structure and organization. In: MARCH, J. G. Handbook of organizations Chicago: Rand McNally, 1959. p. 142-193.
  • WEICK, K. E. Introductory essay, improvisation as a mindset for organizational analysis. Organization Science, v. 9, n. 5, p. 543-555,
  • VAN DE VEN, A. H.; HUBER, G. P. Longitudinal field research methods for studying process of organizational change. Organization Science, v. 1, n. 3, p. 213-219, 1982.
  • WOODWARD, J. Industrial organizations: theory and practice. London: VIENNEY,
  • C. L'Économie sociale Paris: La Decouverte, 1994. Oxford University Press, 1965.

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    23 Nov 2012
  • Data do Fascículo
    Jun 2008

Histórico

  • Recebido
    31 Mar 2005
  • Aceito
    07 Mar 2008
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