Otomycosis in São Paulo

Zaror, Luis; Fischman, O.; Suzuki, F. A.; Felipe, R.G.

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651991000300001

Abstracts

In view of the lack of researches on otomycoses in Brazil, we have tried to study their incidence, their clinical characteristics and the predisponent factors During one year, 22 suspected cases were seen, 20 of them corresponded to otomycosis infections. The most frequent species were Aspergillus niger (35%) and Candida albicans (20%). The genus Aspergillus represented 75% of the isolates. Itching and hyperaemia (70%), otalgia (65%), hipoacusia (50%) were the commonest signs. Lack of cerumen (70%) chronic otitis (30%) previous antibiotic therapy and eczema (25%) were the most outstanding predisponent factors.

Otomycosis; Aspergillus spp; Candida albicans

Em vista da escassez de publicações sobre otomicoses no Brasil, foi projetada uma pesquisa para conhecer a incidência, características clínicas, fatores predisponentes e agentes etiológicos da micose. Durante um ano, 22 casos suspeitos foram estudados, 20 dos quais corresponderam à otomicoses. As espécies mais freqüentemente isoladas foram Aspergillus niger (35%) e Candida albicans (20%). O gênero Aspergillus representou 75% dos isolamentos. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns foram prurido e hiperemia (70%), otalgia (65%), hipoacusia (50%). Falta de cerumen (70%), otite crônica (30%), antibioticoterapia prévia e eczema (25%) foram os fatores predisponentes mais relevantes.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Otomycosis in São Paulo⁽¹ (1 ) Parte da tese de L. Zaror para obter o grau de Doutor em Ciências, Escola Paulista de Medicina. São Paulo, SP, Brasil. ⁾

Otomicose em São Paulo (Brasil)

Luis Zaror^I; O. Fischman^II; F. A. Suzuki^III; R.G. Felipe^IV

^IInstituto de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile. Casilla 567. Valdivia, Chile

^IIPesquisador do CNPq. Disc. Biologia Celular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM). São Paulo, Brasil

^IIIDisciplina de Otorrinolaringologia, EPM. São Paulo, Brasil

SUMMARY

In view of the lack of researches on otomycoses in Brazil, we have tried to study their incidence, their clinical characteristics and the predisponent factors

During one year, 22 suspected cases were seen, 20 of them corresponded to otomycosis infections.

The most frequent species were Aspergillus niger (35%) and Candida albicans (20%). The genus Aspergillus represented 75% of the isolates.

Itching and hyperaemia (70%), otalgia (65%), hipoacusia (50%) were the commonest signs. Lack of cerumen (70%) chronic otitis (30%) previous antibiotic therapy and eczema (25%) were the most outstanding predisponent factors.

Key words: Otomycosis: Aspergillus spp.; Candida albicans

RESUMO

Em vista da escassez de publicações sobre otomicoses no Brasil, foi projetada uma pesquisa para conhecer a incidência, características clínicas, fatores predisponentes e agentes etiológicos da micose.

Durante um ano, 22 casos suspeitos foram estudados, 20 dos quais corresponderam à otomicoses.

As espécies mais freqüentemente isoladas foram Aspergillus niger (35%) e Candida albicans (20%). O gênero Aspergillus representou 75% dos isolamentos.

Os sinais clínicos mais comuns foram prurido e hiperemia (70%), otalgia (65%), hipoacusia (50%). Falta de cerumen (70%), otite crônica (30%), antibioticoterapia prévia e eczema (25%) foram os fatores predisponentes mais relevantes.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Recebido para publicação em 22/3/1988

Aceito para publicação em 1/4/1991

Auxílios: Project DID S-86-8 Universidad Austral de Chile, CNPq, CAPES, Finep.

1. BAMBULE, J. & GRIGORIU, D. - Les otomycoses. Bull. Soc. franç. Mycol. méd., 6: 71-73, 1977.
2. BAMBULE, J.; SAVARY, M.; GRIGORIU, D. & DELACRETAZ, J. - Les otomycoses. Ann. Oto-laryng. (Paris), 99: 537-540, 1982.
3. BAPTISTA, G.; FISCHMAN, O.; MARTINS, E.C.S.; FORJAZ, M.H.H. & ZAROR, L. - Características fisiológicas de levaduras del género Malassezia. Rev. argent. Micol., 9: 5-6, 1986.
4. BATISTA, A.C.; MAIA, H.S. & CAVALCANTI, W. - Otomycosis caused by Waidemaria pernambucencia n. gen. n. sp. Atas Inst. Micol. (Recife), 5-12, 1960.
5. BEG, H.H.A. & BUKHARI, A.T. - Otomycosis in Karachi. Practitioner, 227: 1767-1770, 1983.
6. CAVALCANTI, A. - Otomicose. Brasil-med., 55: 726-729, 1941.
7. CIVILA, E.S.; TOST, J.F.; JIMENEZ, A.L. & CONTI-DIAZ, I.A. - Root-like hyphal structures in aspergillar otomycosis. Arq. Inst. biol. (S.Paulo), 39: 137-139, 1972.
8. COHEN, M.N.A. - Simple procedure for staining tinea versicolor (M. furfur) with fountain pen ink. J. invest. Derm., 22: 9-10, 1954.
9. COJOCARU, I.; ALTERAS, I. & DULAMITA, L. - Some data on the occurrence of otomycosis in Romania. Mykosen, 12: 191-194, 1969.
10. FALSER, N. - Fungal infection of the ear. Dermatologica (Basel), 169 (Suppl.1): 135-140, 1984.
11. FEINMESSER, R.; WIESEL, Y.M.; ARGAMAN, M. & GAY, I. - Otitis externa-Bacteriological survey. ORL, 44: 121-125, 1982.
12. FORT, A.G. - Otomycosis. J. Amer. Med. Ass., 89: 239, 1927.
13. GILL, W.D. - Otomycosis. Sth. med. J. Bgham, Ala., 40: 637-644, 1947.
14. GLASSMAN, J.M.; PILLAR, J. & SOYKA, J.P. - Otitis externa: Comparative in vitro sensitivities of clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi to nonantibiotic and antibiotic preparations. Curr. Ther. Res., 23 (Suppl): 29-38, 1978.
15. GRIGORIU, D.; BAMBULE, J.; DELACRETAZ, J. & SAVARY, M. - Les otomycoses. Dermatologica (Basel), 159 (Suppl. 1): 175-179, 1979.
16. LANGERON, M. - Sur un champignon d'une otomycose brásilienne: Sterigmatocystis hortai n. sp. Bull Soc. Path. exot., 15: 383-384, 1922.
17. LEA, W.A.; SHUSTER, D.S. & HARRELL, E.R. - Mycological flora of the healthy external auditory canal: A study of 120 human subjects. J. invest. Derm., 31: 137-138, 1958.
18. LEVENTON, G.; MAN, A.; KRAUS, P. & ALTMANN, G. - External otitis: Study of recurrence. J. Laryng., 81: 413-418, 1967.
19. LODDER, J.,ed. - The Yeasts. 2nd ed. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1971.
20. MACHADO, 0. & ROMEO, M. - Urn caso raro de otomicóse bilateral externa por Hormodendrum. Rev. flumin. Med., 5: 249-257, 1940.
21. MAGALHĂES, O. - Ensaios de Micologia. Contribuiçăo ao conhecimento dos cogumelos patogęnicos em Minas Gerais. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 42: 41-55, 1945.
22. MAHER, A.; BASSIOUNY, A.; MOA WAD, H.M.K. & HENDAWY, D.S. - Otomycosis: An experimental evaluation of six antimycotic agents. J. Laryng., 96: 205-213, 1982.
23. MAHER, Y.A.; MAHER, A. & MOAWAD, M.K. - Otomycosis: A survey in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Scand. J. Laryng., 92: 869-876, 1978.
24. MOKHATAR, M.; ABOU-GABAL, M.; YASSIN, A. & ABDALAH, M. - Investigation on otomycosis in upper Egypt. Castellania, 3: 207-213, 1975.
25. PAHWA, V.K.; CHMIYAL, P.C. & SURI, P.N. - Mycologycal study in otomycosis. Indian J. med. Res., 77: 334-338, 1983.
26. RAPER, K. & FENNEL, D.I. - The genus Aspergillus. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1965.
27. RAPER, K. & THOM, C.H. - A manual of the penicillia. New York, Hafter Publishing, 1968.
28. REBOUÇAS, J. - Aspergilose niger do conduto. Rev. bras. oto-rino-laring., 7: 169-172, 1939.
29. SOOD, V.P.; SINHA, A. & MOHAPATRA, L.N. - Otomycosis: A clinical and experimental study. J. Laryng., 81: 999-1004, 1967.
30. THAN, K.M.; NAING, K.S. & MIN, M. - Otomycosis in Burma, and its treatment. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 29: 620-623, 1980.
31. YOUSSEF, Y.A. & ABDOU, M.H. - Studies on the fungus infection of the external ear. II. On the chemotherapy of otomycosis. J. Laryng, 81: 1005-1012, 1967.
32. ZAROR, L.; ARAVENA, G.; HENRY, E. & CHOMALI, T. - Otomicosis. Rev. chil. Tecnol. méd., 6: 172-175, 1983.

(1

) Parte da tese de L. Zaror para obter o grau de Doutor em Ciências, Escola Paulista de Medicina. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
12 Sept 2006
Date of issue
June 1991

History

Received
22 Mar 1988
Accepted
01 Apr 1991

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. BAMBULE, J. & GRIGORIU, D. - Les otomycoses. Bull. Soc. franç. Mycol. méd., 6: 71-73, 1977.

[2] 2. BAMBULE, J.; SAVARY, M.; GRIGORIU, D. & DELACRETAZ, J. - Les otomycoses. Ann. Oto-laryng. (Paris), 99: 537-540, 1982.

[3] 3. BAPTISTA, G.; FISCHMAN, O.; MARTINS, E.C.S.; FORJAZ, M.H.H. & ZAROR, L. - Características fisiológicas de levaduras del género Malassezia. Rev. argent. Micol., 9: 5-6, 1986.

[4] 4. BATISTA, A.C.; MAIA, H.S. & CAVALCANTI, W. - Otomycosis caused by Waidemaria pernambucencia n. gen. n. sp. Atas Inst. Micol. (Recife), 5-12, 1960.

[5] 5. BEG, H.H.A. & BUKHARI, A.T. - Otomycosis in Karachi. Practitioner, 227: 1767-1770, 1983.

[6] 6. CAVALCANTI, A. - Otomicose. Brasil-med., 55: 726-729, 1941.

[7] 7. CIVILA, E.S.; TOST, J.F.; JIMENEZ, A.L. & CONTI-DIAZ, I.A. - Root-like hyphal structures in aspergillar otomycosis. Arq. Inst. biol. (S.Paulo), 39: 137-139, 1972.

[8] 8. COHEN, M.N.A. - Simple procedure for staining tinea versicolor (M. furfur) with fountain pen ink. J. invest. Derm., 22: 9-10, 1954.

[9] 9. COJOCARU, I.; ALTERAS, I. & DULAMITA, L. - Some data on the occurrence of otomycosis in Romania. Mykosen, 12: 191-194, 1969.

[10] 10. FALSER, N. - Fungal infection of the ear. Dermatologica (Basel), 169 (Suppl.1): 135-140, 1984.

[11] 11. FEINMESSER, R.; WIESEL, Y.M.; ARGAMAN, M. & GAY, I. - Otitis externa-Bacteriological survey. ORL, 44: 121-125, 1982.

[12] 12. FORT, A.G. - Otomycosis. J. Amer. Med. Ass., 89: 239, 1927.

[13] 13. GILL, W.D. - Otomycosis. Sth. med. J. Bgham, Ala., 40: 637-644, 1947.

[14] 14. GLASSMAN, J.M.; PILLAR, J. & SOYKA, J.P. - Otitis externa: Comparative in vitro sensitivities of clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi to nonantibiotic and antibiotic preparations. Curr. Ther. Res., 23 (Suppl): 29-38, 1978.

[15] 15. GRIGORIU, D.; BAMBULE, J.; DELACRETAZ, J. & SAVARY, M. - Les otomycoses. Dermatologica (Basel), 159 (Suppl. 1): 175-179, 1979.

[16] 16. LANGERON, M. - Sur un champignon d'une otomycose brásilienne: Sterigmatocystis hortai n. sp. Bull Soc. Path. exot., 15: 383-384, 1922.

[17] 17. LEA, W.A.; SHUSTER, D.S. & HARRELL, E.R. - Mycological flora of the healthy external auditory canal: A study of 120 human subjects. J. invest. Derm., 31: 137-138, 1958.

[18] 18. LEVENTON, G.; MAN, A.; KRAUS, P. & ALTMANN, G. - External otitis: Study of recurrence. J. Laryng., 81: 413-418, 1967.

[19] 19. LODDER, J.,ed. - The Yeasts. 2nd ed. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1971.

[20] 20. MACHADO, 0. & ROMEO, M. - Urn caso raro de otomicóse bilateral externa por Hormodendrum. Rev. flumin. Med., 5: 249-257, 1940.

[21] 21. MAGALHĂES, O. - Ensaios de Micologia. Contribuiçăo ao conhecimento dos cogumelos patogęnicos em Minas Gerais. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 42: 41-55, 1945.

[22] 22. MAHER, A.; BASSIOUNY, A.; MOA WAD, H.M.K. & HENDAWY, D.S. - Otomycosis: An experimental evaluation of six antimycotic agents. J. Laryng., 96: 205-213, 1982.

[23] 23. MAHER, Y.A.; MAHER, A. & MOAWAD, M.K. - Otomycosis: A survey in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Scand. J. Laryng., 92: 869-876, 1978.

[24] 24. MOKHATAR, M.; ABOU-GABAL, M.; YASSIN, A. & ABDALAH, M. - Investigation on otomycosis in upper Egypt. Castellania, 3: 207-213, 1975.

[25] 25. PAHWA, V.K.; CHMIYAL, P.C. & SURI, P.N. - Mycologycal study in otomycosis. Indian J. med. Res., 77: 334-338, 1983.

[26] 26. RAPER, K. & FENNEL, D.I. - The genus Aspergillus. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1965.

[27] 27. RAPER, K. & THOM, C.H. - A manual of the penicillia. New York, Hafter Publishing, 1968.

[28] 28. REBOUÇAS, J. - Aspergilose niger do conduto. Rev. bras. oto-rino-laring., 7: 169-172, 1939.

[29] 29. SOOD, V.P.; SINHA, A. & MOHAPATRA, L.N. - Otomycosis: A clinical and experimental study. J. Laryng., 81: 999-1004, 1967.

[30] 30. THAN, K.M.; NAING, K.S. & MIN, M. - Otomycosis in Burma, and its treatment. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 29: 620-623, 1980.

[31] 31. YOUSSEF, Y.A. & ABDOU, M.H. - Studies on the fungus infection of the external ear. II. On the chemotherapy of otomycosis. J. Laryng, 81: 1005-1012, 1967.

[32] 32. ZAROR, L.; ARAVENA, G.; HENRY, E. & CHOMALI, T. - Otomicosis. Rev. chil. Tecnol. méd., 6: 172-175, 1983.