Seasonal variation of anti-resa/Pf155 Plasmodium falciparum antibodies in three localities from the state of Amapá, Brazil

Malafronte, Rosely S.; Valdívia, Jorge Luis; Nakaie, Clóvis R.; Kloetzel, Judith K.

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651994000300008

Abstracts

Anti-RESA/Pf155 antibodies were assayed in sera of individuals from three localities (Laranjal do Jari, Vila Padaria and Vila Paraíso) in the State of Amapá, Brazil, during the long-rains and short-rains seasons. All of these had negative blood smears for malaria. Most of the sera collected were positive in Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) with P. falciparum parasites, with no seasonal variation. A high percentage of these sera (62% to 100%) was RESA positive by Modified Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (MIFA), with a significant (p < 0.05) increase of geometric mean titers during the short-rains season, when the transmission of the disease is highest. ELISA with three repetitive RESA peptides (EENV)3 (4x3), (EENVEHDA)2 (8x2) and (DDEHVEEPTVA)2(11x2) did not reveal statistically significant seasonal variations, although a small enhancement of positivity was observed in V. Padaria (15.3 to 38.8%) in the short-rains season with the 8x2 peptides, and with 4x3 and 8x2 peptides in V. Paraíso, with a decrease in 11x2. MIFA titers appeared to be correlated mainly to the peptide 4x3 and it was the immunodominant in the three localities.

RESA/Pf155; P. falciparum; Seasonal variation

Anticorpos anti-RESA/Pf155 foram testados em soros de indivíduos de três localidades (Laranjal do Jari, Vila Padaria e Vila Paraíso) localizadas no Estado do Amapá, Brasil, durante as estações de chuvas "longas" e "curtas". Todos os esfregaços apresentaram-se negativos para malária. A maioria dos soros coletados foram positivos na reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI) para P. falciparum, não apresentando variação sazonal. Uma alta porcentagem destes soros (62% a 100%) foram positivos para RESA na reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta Modificada (IFIM), com aumento na média geométrica dos títulos significante (p < 0.05) durante a estação das chuvas "curtas", época de maior transmissão da doença. O teste de ELISA com os três peptídeos repetitivos do RESA: (EENV)3(4x3), (EENVEHDA)2 (8x2) e (DDEHVEEPTVA)2(11x2), não revelou variações sazonais estatisticamente significantes, embora um pequeno aumento na positividade tenha sido observado, na época de chuvas "curtas", em V. Padaria (15,3 para 38,8%) com o peptídeo 8x2 e em V. Paraíso com os peptídeos 4x3 e 8x2, decrescendo com o peptídeo 11x2. Os títulos de IFIM pareceram se correlacionar principalmente com o peptídeo 4x3 e este mostrou-se imunodominante nas três localidades.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Seasonal variation of anti-resa/Pf155 Plasmodium falciparum antibodies in three localities from the state of Amapá, Brazil

Variação sazonal de anticorpos anti-RESA/Pf155 de Plasmodium falciparum em três localidades do Estado do Amapá, Brasil

Rosely S. Malafronte^I; Jorge Luis Valdívia^II; Clóvis R. Nakaie^III; Judith K. Kloetzel^I,IV

^IInstituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil

^IICompanhia Florestal de Monte Dourado, Amapá, Brasil

^IIIEscola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil

^IVDepto. de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas/Universidade de São Paulo

^{Address for correspondence} Address for correspondence: R. S. Malafronte I.MT.S.P. Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, S.P., Brasil

SUMMARY

Anti-RESA/Pf155 antibodies were assayed in sera of individuals from three localities (Laranjal do Jari, Vila Padaria and Vila Paraíso) in the State of Amapá, Brazil, during the long-rains and short-rains seasons. All of these had negative blood smears for malaria. Most of the sera collected were positive in Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) with P. falciparum parasites, with no seasonal variation. A high percentage of these sera (62% to 100%) was RESA positive by Modified Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (MIFA), with a significant (p < 0.05) increase of geometric mean titers during the short-rains season, when the transmission of the disease is highest. ELISA with three repetitive RESA peptides (EENV)₃ (4x3), (EENVEHDA)₂ (8x2) and (DDEHVEEPTVA)₂(11x2) did not reveal statistically significant seasonal variations, although a small enhancement of positivity was observed in V. Padaria (15.3 to 38.8%) in the short-rains season with the 8x2 peptides, and with 4x3 and 8x2 peptides in V. Paraíso, with a decrease in 11x2. MIFA titers appeared to be correlated mainly to the peptide 4x3 and it was the immunodominant in the three localities.

Keywords: RESA/Pf155; P. falciparum; Seasonal variation.

RESUMO

Anticorpos anti-RESA/Pf155 foram testados em soros de indivíduos de três localidades (Laranjal do Jari, Vila Padaria e Vila Paraíso) localizadas no Estado do Amapá, Brasil, durante as estações de chuvas "longas" e "curtas". Todos os esfregaços apresentaram-se negativos para malária.

A maioria dos soros coletados foram positivos na reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI) para P. falciparum, não apresentando variação sazonal. Uma alta porcentagem destes soros (62% a 100%) foram positivos para RESA na reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta Modificada (IFIM), com aumento na média geométrica dos títulos significante (p < 0.05) durante a estação das chuvas "curtas", época de maior transmissão da doença. O teste de ELISA com os três peptídeos repetitivos do RESA: (EENV)₃(4x3), (EENVEHDA)₂(8x2) e (DDEHVEEPTVA)₂(11x2), não revelou variações sazonais estatisticamente significantes, embora um pequeno aumento na positividade tenha sido observado, na época de chuvas "curtas", em V. Padaria (15,3 para 38,8%) com o peptídeo 8x2 e em V. Paraíso com os peptídeos 4x3 e 8x2, decrescendo com o peptídeo 11x2. Os títulos de IFIM pareceram se correlacionar principalmente com o peptídeo 4x3 e este mostrou-se imunodominante nas três localidades.

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Recebido para publicação em 08/10/1993.

Aceito para publicação em 10/02/1994.

1. BERZINS, K.; PERLMANN, H.; WAHLIN, B. et al. - Rabbit and human antibodies to a repeated amino acid sequence of a Plasmodium falciparum antigen, Pf155, react with the native protein and inhibit merozoite invasion. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 83: 1065-1069, 1986.
2. BJORKMAN, A.; PERLMANN, H.; PETERSEN, E. et al, - Consecutive determinations of seroreactivities to Pf155/RESA antigen and to its different repetitive sequences in adult men from a holoendemic area of Liberia. Paras. Immunol., 12: 115-123, 1990.
3. BJORKMAN, A.; LEBBAD, M.; PERLMANN, H. et al. - Longitudinal study of seroreactivities to Pf155/RESA and its repetitive sequences in small children from a holoendemic area of Liberia. Paras. Immunol., 13: 301-311, 1991.
4. CHIZZOLINI, C.; DUPONT, A.; AKUE, J.P. et al. - Natural antibodies against three distinct and defined antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in residents of a mesoendemic area in Gabon. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 39: 150-156, 1988.
5. CHOUGNET, C.; DELORON, P.; LEPERS, J.P. et al. - Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the Plasmodium falciparum antigens Pf155/RESA and CS protein: seasonal variations in a population recently reexposed to endemic malaria. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 43: 234-242, 1990.
6. COLLINS, W.E.; PAPPAIORDANOU, M.; ANDERS, R.F. et al. - Immunization trials with the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum in owl monkeys (Aotus vociferans). Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 38: 268-282, 1988.
7. DELORON, P.; LE BRAS, J.; SAVEL, J. & COULAND, J.P. - Antibodies to the Pf155 antigen of Plasmodiun falciparum: measurement by cell-ELISA and correlation with expected immune protection. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 37: 22-26, 1987.
8. DELORON, P.; CAMPBELL, G.H.; BRANDLING-BENNETT, A.D. et al. - Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae circumsporozoite proteins: seasonal prevalence in Kenyan villages. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 41: 395-399, 1989.
9. DELORON, P. & COT, M. - Antibodies to the ring-infected erythocyte surface antigen and the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum in a rural community from Burkina Faso. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 84; 191-195, 1990.
10. FERREIRA, A.W. & SANCHEZ, M.C.A. - Malaria humana: padronizaçăo e optimizaçăo de testes sorológicos para diagnóstico individual e inquéritos soroepidemiológicos . Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 30: 137-146, 1988.
11. KLOETZEL, J.K.; MALAFRONTE, R.S.; GONDO, S. & NOGUEIRA, M.C.L. - Anti-RESA (Pf155) antibodies in malaria patients from Pará and Rondônia, Brazil. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 84: 531-533, 1990.
12. MATTEI, D.; BERZINS, K.; WAHLGREN, M. et al. - Cross-reactive antigenic determinants present on different Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigens. Paras. Immunol., 11: 15-30, 1989.
13. PERLMANN, H.; BERZINS, K.; WAHLGREN, M. et al. - Antibodies in malarial sera to parasite antigens in the membrane of erythrocyte infected with early asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. J. exp. Med., 160: 788-798, 1984.
14. PETERSEN, E.; HOGH, B.; PERLMANN, H. et al. - An epidemiological study of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf155/RESA in adult Liberians. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 41: 386-394, 1989.
15. PETERSEN, E.; HOGH, B.; MARBIAH, N.T.; BJORKMAN, A. & PERLMANN, P. - A longitudinal study of antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum antigens Pf155/RESA and immunity to malaria infection in adult Liberians. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 84: 339-345, 1990.
16. PRATA, A.; URDANETA, M.; McGREEVY, P.B. & TADA, S. - Infrequency of asymptomatic malaria in an endemic area in Amazonas, Brazil. Rev. Soc. bras. Med. trop., 21: 51-54, 1988.
17. RILEY, E.M.; ALLEN, S.J.; TROYE-BLOMBERG, M. et al. - Association between immune recognition of the malaria vaccine candidate antigen Pf155/RESA and resistance to clinical disease: a prospective study in a malaria-endemic region of west Africa. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 85: 436-443, 1991.
19. RZEPCZYK, C.M.; RAMASAMY, R.; HO, R.C.L. et al. - Identification of T epitopes within a potential Plasmodium falciparum vaccine antigen. J. Immunol., 141: 3197-3202, 1988.
20. SJORBERG, K.; LEPPERS, J.P.; RAHARIMALALA, L. et al. - Genetic regulation of human anti-malarial antibodies in twins. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 89: 2101-2104, 1992.
21. STEWART, J.M. & YOUNG, J.D. - Solid phase peptide synthesis. Illinois, Pierce Chemical Rockford, 1984.
22. TRAGER, W. & JENSEN, J.B. - Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. Science, 193: 673-675, 1976.
23. TROYE-BLOMBERG, M. & PERLMANN, P. - Anti-malarial antibodies in twins: reply. Parasit. today, 9: 18, 1993.
24. WAHLGREN, M.; BJORKMAN, A.; PERLMANN, H.; BERZINS, K. & PERLMANN, P. - Anti-Plasmodium falciparum antibodies acquired by residents in a holoendemic area of Liberia during development of clinical immunity. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 35: 22-29, 1986.
25. WAHLIN, B.; WAHLGREN, M.; PERLMANN, H. et al. - Human antibodies to a Mr 155.000 Plasmodium falciparum antigen efficiently inhibit merozoite invasion. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 81: 7912-7916, 1984.
26. WAHLIN, B.; SJORLANDER, A.; AHLBORG, N. et al. - Involvement of Pf 155/RESA and cross reactive antigen in Plasmodium falciparum merozoite invasion in vitro. Infect. Immun., 60: 443-449, 1992.
28. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - Practical chemotherapy of malaria. Wld. Hlth. Org. techn. Rep. Ser., 805: 7-8, 1990.

Address for correspondence:

R. S. Malafronte

I.MT.S.P.

Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470

CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, S.P., Brasil

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
20 Sept 2006
Date of issue
June 1994

History

Accepted
10 Feb 1994
Received
08 Oct 1993

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. BERZINS, K.; PERLMANN, H.; WAHLIN, B. et al. - Rabbit and human antibodies to a repeated amino acid sequence of a Plasmodium falciparum antigen, Pf155, react with the native protein and inhibit merozoite invasion. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 83: 1065-1069, 1986.

[2] 2. BJORKMAN, A.; PERLMANN, H.; PETERSEN, E. et al, - Consecutive determinations of seroreactivities to Pf155/RESA antigen and to its different repetitive sequences in adult men from a holoendemic area of Liberia. Paras. Immunol., 12: 115-123, 1990.

[3] 3. BJORKMAN, A.; LEBBAD, M.; PERLMANN, H. et al. - Longitudinal study of seroreactivities to Pf155/RESA and its repetitive sequences in small children from a holoendemic area of Liberia. Paras. Immunol., 13: 301-311, 1991.

[4] 4. CHIZZOLINI, C.; DUPONT, A.; AKUE, J.P. et al. - Natural antibodies against three distinct and defined antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in residents of a mesoendemic area in Gabon. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 39: 150-156, 1988.

[5] 5. CHOUGNET, C.; DELORON, P.; LEPERS, J.P. et al. - Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the Plasmodium falciparum antigens Pf155/RESA and CS protein: seasonal variations in a population recently reexposed to endemic malaria. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 43: 234-242, 1990.

[6] 6. COLLINS, W.E.; PAPPAIORDANOU, M.; ANDERS, R.F. et al. - Immunization trials with the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum in owl monkeys (Aotus vociferans). Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 38: 268-282, 1988.

[7] 7. DELORON, P.; LE BRAS, J.; SAVEL, J. & COULAND, J.P. - Antibodies to the Pf155 antigen of Plasmodiun falciparum: measurement by cell-ELISA and correlation with expected immune protection. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 37: 22-26, 1987.

[8] 8. DELORON, P.; CAMPBELL, G.H.; BRANDLING-BENNETT, A.D. et al. - Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae circumsporozoite proteins: seasonal prevalence in Kenyan villages. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 41: 395-399, 1989.

[9] 9. DELORON, P. & COT, M. - Antibodies to the ring-infected erythocyte surface antigen and the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum in a rural community from Burkina Faso. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 84; 191-195, 1990.

[10] 10. FERREIRA, A.W. & SANCHEZ, M.C.A. - Malaria humana: padronizaçăo e optimizaçăo de testes sorológicos para diagnóstico individual e inquéritos soroepidemiológicos . Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 30: 137-146, 1988.

[11] 11. KLOETZEL, J.K.; MALAFRONTE, R.S.; GONDO, S. & NOGUEIRA, M.C.L. - Anti-RESA (Pf155) antibodies in malaria patients from Pará and Rondônia, Brazil. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 84: 531-533, 1990.

[12] 12. MATTEI, D.; BERZINS, K.; WAHLGREN, M. et al. - Cross-reactive antigenic determinants present on different Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigens. Paras. Immunol., 11: 15-30, 1989.

[13] 13. PERLMANN, H.; BERZINS, K.; WAHLGREN, M. et al. - Antibodies in malarial sera to parasite antigens in the membrane of erythrocyte infected with early asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. J. exp. Med., 160: 788-798, 1984.

[14] 14. PETERSEN, E.; HOGH, B.; PERLMANN, H. et al. - An epidemiological study of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf155/RESA in adult Liberians. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 41: 386-394, 1989.

[15] 15. PETERSEN, E.; HOGH, B.; MARBIAH, N.T.; BJORKMAN, A. & PERLMANN, P. - A longitudinal study of antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum antigens Pf155/RESA and immunity to malaria infection in adult Liberians. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 84: 339-345, 1990.

[16] 16. PRATA, A.; URDANETA, M.; McGREEVY, P.B. & TADA, S. - Infrequency of asymptomatic malaria in an endemic area in Amazonas, Brazil. Rev. Soc. bras. Med. trop., 21: 51-54, 1988.

[17] 17. RILEY, E.M.; ALLEN, S.J.; TROYE-BLOMBERG, M. et al. - Association between immune recognition of the malaria vaccine candidate antigen Pf155/RESA and resistance to clinical disease: a prospective study in a malaria-endemic region of west Africa. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 85: 436-443, 1991.

[18] 19. RZEPCZYK, C.M.; RAMASAMY, R.; HO, R.C.L. et al. - Identification of T epitopes within a potential Plasmodium falciparum vaccine antigen. J. Immunol., 141: 3197-3202, 1988.

[19] 20. SJORBERG, K.; LEPPERS, J.P.; RAHARIMALALA, L. et al. - Genetic regulation of human anti-malarial antibodies in twins. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 89: 2101-2104, 1992.

[20] 21. STEWART, J.M. & YOUNG, J.D. - Solid phase peptide synthesis. Illinois, Pierce Chemical Rockford, 1984.

[21] 22. TRAGER, W. & JENSEN, J.B. - Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. Science, 193: 673-675, 1976.

[22] 23. TROYE-BLOMBERG, M. & PERLMANN, P. - Anti-malarial antibodies in twins: reply. Parasit. today, 9: 18, 1993.

[23] 24. WAHLGREN, M.; BJORKMAN, A.; PERLMANN, H.; BERZINS, K. & PERLMANN, P. - Anti-Plasmodium falciparum antibodies acquired by residents in a holoendemic area of Liberia during development of clinical immunity. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 35: 22-29, 1986.

[24] 25. WAHLIN, B.; WAHLGREN, M.; PERLMANN, H. et al. - Human antibodies to a Mr 155.000 Plasmodium falciparum antigen efficiently inhibit merozoite invasion. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 81: 7912-7916, 1984.

[25] 26. WAHLIN, B.; SJORLANDER, A.; AHLBORG, N. et al. - Involvement of Pf 155/RESA and cross reactive antigen in Plasmodium falciparum merozoite invasion in vitro. Infect. Immun., 60: 443-449, 1992.

[26] 28. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - Practical chemotherapy of malaria. Wld. Hlth. Org. techn. Rep. Ser., 805: 7-8, 1990.

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