Murine virus contaminant of Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infection

Rangel, Humberto de A.; Verinaud, Liana; Camargo, Irineu J. B.; Gilioli, Rovilson; Sakurada, Julia K.

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651994000500006

Abstracts

The possibility that some virus contaminants could be altering host response to Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infection was investigated. Data obtained showed that CBA/J mice infected with stocks of parasite maintained in mice (Y1UEC) presented higher level of parasitemia and shorter survival times than those infected with a stock (Y1TC) which was also maintained in mice but had been previously passaged in cell culture. Mouse antibody production tests, performed with the filtered plasma of mice infected with Y1UEC, indicated the presence of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) while no virus was detected when testing the plasma of Y1TC infected mice. Filtered plasma of Y1EUC infected mice was shown to contain a factor able to enhance the level of parasitemia and to reduce the mean survival time of mice challenged with 10(5) Y1TC. This factor, that could be serially passaged to naïve mice was shown to be a coronavirus by neutralization tests.

Chagas' disease; Trypanosoma cruzi; Immune response; Coronavirus

A possibilidade de que alguma contaminação por virus poderia estar alterando a resposta do hospedeiro à infecção experimental por Trypanosoma cruzi foi investigada. Os dados obtidos mostraram que camundongos CBA/J infectados com estoques de parasitos mantidos em camundongos (Y1UEC) apresentavam maior parasitemia e menor período de sobrevivência do que os infectados com um estoque (Y1TC) que também foi mantido em animal mas tinha sido previamente passado em cultura de células. Testes de produção de anticorpos em camundongos (Map tests) realizados com o plasma fliltrado de camundongos infectados com Y1UEC indicaram a presença do virus da hepatite do camundongo (MHV) enquanto nenhum virus foi detectado no plasma de animais infectados com Y1TC. O plasma filtrado obtido de camundongos infectados com Y1UEC continha um fator capaz de aumentar o nível de parasitemia e reduzir o tempo médio de sobrevivencia dos camundongos desafiados com 10(5) Y1TC. Testes de neutralização mostraram que este fator que podia ser passado seriadamente para camundongos era um coronavirus.

VIROLOGY

Murine virus contaminant of Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infection

Virus murino como contaminante na infecção experimental pelo Trypanosoma cruzi

Humberto de A. Rangel^I,II; Liana Verinaud^I; Irineu J. B. Camargo^I,II; Rovilson Gilioli^II; Julia K. Sakurada^I,II

^IDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology

^IICentro Multi-Institucional de Bioterismo (CEMIB-UNICAMP) C.P. 6095, 13081-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

^{Correspondence to} Correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Humberto de A. Rangel Depto. Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp C.P. 6095 13081-970 Campinas, S. Paulo, Brazil Tel. (55 192)39-3785 Fax (55 192) 39-4717

SUMMARY

The possibility that some virus contaminants could be altering host response to Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infection was investigated.

Data obtained showed that CBA/J mice infected with stocks of parasite maintained in mice (Y_1UEC) presented higher level of parasitemia and shorter survival times than those infected with a stock (Y_1TC) which was also maintained in mice but had been previously passaged in cell culture. Mouse antibody production tests, performed with the filtered plasma of mice infected with Y_1UEC, indicated the presence of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) while no virus was detected when testing the plasma of Y_1TC infected mice. Filtered plasma of Y_1EUC infected mice was shown to contain a factor able to enhance the level of parasitemia and to reduce the mean survival time of mice challenged with 10⁵ Y_1TC. This factor, that could be serially passaged to naïve mice was shown to be a coronavirus by neutralization tests.

Keywords: Chagas' disease; Trypanosoma cruzi; Immune response; Coronavirus

RESUMO

A possibilidade de que alguma contaminação por virus poderia estar alterando a resposta do hospedeiro à infecção experimental por Trypanosoma cruzi foi investigada.

Os dados obtidos mostraram que camundongos CBA/J infectados com estoques de parasitos mantidos em camundongos (Y_1UEC) apresentavam maior parasitemia e menor período de sobrevivência do que os infectados com um estoque (Y_1TC) que também foi mantido em animal mas tinha sido previamente passado em cultura de células. Testes de produção de anticorpos em camundongos (Map tests) realizados com o plasma fliltrado de camundongos infectados com Y_1UEC indicaram a presença do virus da hepatite do camundongo (MHV) enquanto nenhum virus foi detectado no plasma de animais infectados com Y_1TC. O plasma filtrado obtido de camundongos infectados com Y_1UEC continha um fator capaz de aumentar o nível de parasitemia e reduzir o tempo médio de sobrevivencia dos camundongos desafiados com 10⁵ Y_1TC. Testes de neutralização mostraram que este fator que podia ser passado seriadamente para camundongos era um coronavirus.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was made possible by virtue of a special program of FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) which implanted the UNICAMP Laboratory Animal Center - CEMIB/ UNICAMP. We thank the collaboration of Prof. V. Kraft and B. Meyer from Zentralinstitut für Versuchtierzucht, Hannover, which permitted to establish a service, in this Center, for the control of virus disease. We are grateful for the technical assistance of C. Colombari, D. V. Cunha Jr. and D. L. Gabriel. We thank the finantial support from FAPESP, FAEP (Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino e a Pesquisa da Unicamp), CNPq (Conselho Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil) and KFA (Kernforschungsanlage, Internationale Büro, Jülich, Germany).

Recebido para publicação em 03/01/1994.

Aceito para publicação em 16706/1994.

1. ANDRADE, Z. & ANDRADE, S.G. - Patologia. In: BRENER, Z. & ANDRADE, Z., ed - Trypanosoma cruzi e doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 1979. p. 199-218.
2. BARTHOLD, S.W. - Research complications and state of knowledge of rodent coronaviruses. In: HAMM, T.E., ed. Complications of viral and mycoplasmal infections in rodents to toxicology research and testing. Washington, Hemisphere Publishing, 1986. p. 53-89.
3. BARTHOLD, S.W. & SMITH, A.L. - Mouse hepatitis virus strain-related patterns of tissue tropism in suckling mice. Arch. Virol., 81: 103-112, 1984.
4. BRENER, Z. - Therapeutic activity and criterion of cure of mice-experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 4: 389-398, 1962.
5. BRENER, Z. - Comparative studies of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 59: 19-26, 1965.
6. BRENER, Z. - Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi. Adv. Parasit., 18: 247-291, 1980.
7. BRENER, Z. & CHIARI, E. - Variaçőes morfológicas observadas em diferentes amostras de Trypanosoma cruzi. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 5: 220-244, 1963.
8. CHAGAS, C. - Nova Tripanosomiase humana. Estudos sobre a morfologia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n.gen., n.sp, agente etiologico de nova entidade morbida do homem. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 1: 159-218, 1909.
9. CORSINI, A.C.; COSTA, M.G.; OLIVEIRA, O.L.; CAMARGO, I.J.B. & STELINI Jr., A. - Susceptibility of inbred mice to Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y. Rev. Inst Med. trop. S. Paulo, 22: 192-196, 1980.
10. DILLBERGER, J.E.; MONROY, P. & ALTMAN, N.H. - The effect of three bleeding techniques on latic dehydrogenase levels in mice: implications for lactic dehydrogenase virus bioassay. Lab. Anim. Sci., 37: 356-359, 1987.
11. FALLON, M.T.; BENJAMIN Jr., W.H.; SCHOEB, T.R. & BRILES, D.E. - Mouse hepatitis virus strain UAB infection enhances resistance to Salmonella typhimurium in mice by inducing suppression of baterial growth. Infect. Immun., 59: 852-856, 1991.
12. FOSTER, H.L.; SMALL, J.D. & FOX, J.G. - The mouse in biomedical research. London, Academic Press, 1982.
13. JOLICOEUR, P. & LAMONTAGNE, L. - Mouse hepatitis virus 3 pathogenicity expressed by a lytic viral infection in bone marrow 14.8+ ľ+ Blymphocyte subpopulations. J. Immunol., 143: 3722-3730, 1989.
14. KRAFT, V. & MEYER, B. - Diagnosis of murine infections in relation to test methods employed. Lab. Anim. Sci., 36: 272-276, 1986.
15. MELBY Jr., E.C. & BALK, M.W. - The importance of animal genetics health and the environment in biomedical research. New York, Academic Press, 1983.
16. MILNE, R.G. & LUISONI, E. - Rapid high resolution immune electron microscopy of plant viruses. Virology, 68: 270-274, 1975.
17. PARKER, J.C. & RICHTER, C.B. - Viral diseases in the respiratory system. In: FOSTER, H.L.; SMALL, J.D. & FOX, J.G., ed. The mouse in biomedical research. New York, Academic Press, 1982. v. 2, p. 109-158.
18. REED, L.J. & MUENCH, H. - A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints. Amer. J. Hyg., 27: 493-497, 1938.
19. REPKA, D.; RANGEL, H.A.; ATTA, A.M; GAVINO, V.A. & PIEDRA-BUENA, A.E. - Experimental Chagas' disease in mice infected with one LD₅₀ of parasite. Rev. bras. Biol., 45: 309-316, 1985.
20. SILVA, L.H.P. & NUSSENZWEIG, V. - Sobre uma cepa de Trypanosoma cruzi altamente virulenta para o camundongo branco. Folia clín. biol. (S. Paulo), 20: 191-201, 1953.
21. SMITH, A.L.; WINOGRAD, D.F. & SOUZA, M.S. - In vitro splenic T cell responses of diverse mouse genotypes after oronasal exposure to mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM. Lab. Anim. Sci., 41: 106-111, 1991.
22. TRICHMANN, T.M.; TANOVITZ, H.; WITTNER, M. & BLOOM, B. - Trypanosoma cruzi: role of the immune response in the natural response of inbred strains of mice. Exp. Parasit., 45: 160-168, 1978.
23. TRICHMANN, T.M. & BLOOM, B. - Genetics of murine resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi. Infect. Immun., 35: 546-551, 1982.
24. WANG, A.L. & WANG, C.C. - Viruses of parasitic protozoa. Parasit, today, 7: 76-80, 1991.
25. WRIGHTSMAN, R.A.; KRASSNER, S.M. & WATSON, J. - Genetic control of responses to Trypanosoma cruzi in mice: multiple genes influencing parasitemia and survival. Infect Immum., 36: 637-644, 1982.
26. WRIGHTSMAN, R.A.; KRASSNER, S.M.; WATSON, J.D. & MANNING, J.E. - Role of the H-2s haplotype in survival of mice after infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Infect Immun., 44: 351-354, 1984.
27. ZAR, J.H. - Biostatistical analysis. 2. ed. New York, Prentice - Hall; Englewood Cliffs, 1984.

Correspondence to:

Prof. Dr. Humberto de A. Rangel

Depto. Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp

C.P. 6095

13081-970 Campinas, S. Paulo, Brazil

Tel. (55 192)39-3785 Fax (55 192) 39-4717

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
21 Sept 2006
Date of issue
Oct 1994

History

Received
03 Jan 1994
Accepted
1994

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ANDRADE, Z. & ANDRADE, S.G. - Patologia. In: BRENER, Z. & ANDRADE, Z., ed - Trypanosoma cruzi e doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 1979. p. 199-218.

[2] 2. BARTHOLD, S.W. - Research complications and state of knowledge of rodent coronaviruses. In: HAMM, T.E., ed. Complications of viral and mycoplasmal infections in rodents to toxicology research and testing. Washington, Hemisphere Publishing, 1986. p. 53-89.

[3] 3. BARTHOLD, S.W. & SMITH, A.L. - Mouse hepatitis virus strain-related patterns of tissue tropism in suckling mice. Arch. Virol., 81: 103-112, 1984.

[4] 4. BRENER, Z. - Therapeutic activity and criterion of cure of mice-experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 4: 389-398, 1962.

[5] 5. BRENER, Z. - Comparative studies of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 59: 19-26, 1965.

[6] 6. BRENER, Z. - Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi. Adv. Parasit., 18: 247-291, 1980.

[7] 7. BRENER, Z. & CHIARI, E. - Variaçőes morfológicas observadas em diferentes amostras de Trypanosoma cruzi. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 5: 220-244, 1963.

[8] 8. CHAGAS, C. - Nova Tripanosomiase humana. Estudos sobre a morfologia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n.gen., n.sp, agente etiologico de nova entidade morbida do homem. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 1: 159-218, 1909.

[9] 9. CORSINI, A.C.; COSTA, M.G.; OLIVEIRA, O.L.; CAMARGO, I.J.B. & STELINI Jr., A. - Susceptibility of inbred mice to Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y. Rev. Inst Med. trop. S. Paulo, 22: 192-196, 1980.

[10] 10. DILLBERGER, J.E.; MONROY, P. & ALTMAN, N.H. - The effect of three bleeding techniques on latic dehydrogenase levels in mice: implications for lactic dehydrogenase virus bioassay. Lab. Anim. Sci., 37: 356-359, 1987.

[11] 11. FALLON, M.T.; BENJAMIN Jr., W.H.; SCHOEB, T.R. & BRILES, D.E. - Mouse hepatitis virus strain UAB infection enhances resistance to Salmonella typhimurium in mice by inducing suppression of baterial growth. Infect. Immun., 59: 852-856, 1991.

[12] 12. FOSTER, H.L.; SMALL, J.D. & FOX, J.G. - The mouse in biomedical research. London, Academic Press, 1982.

[13] 13. JOLICOEUR, P. & LAMONTAGNE, L. - Mouse hepatitis virus 3 pathogenicity expressed by a lytic viral infection in bone marrow 14.8+ ľ+ Blymphocyte subpopulations. J. Immunol., 143: 3722-3730, 1989.

[14] 14. KRAFT, V. & MEYER, B. - Diagnosis of murine infections in relation to test methods employed. Lab. Anim. Sci., 36: 272-276, 1986.

[15] 15. MELBY Jr., E.C. & BALK, M.W. - The importance of animal genetics health and the environment in biomedical research. New York, Academic Press, 1983.

[16] 16. MILNE, R.G. & LUISONI, E. - Rapid high resolution immune electron microscopy of plant viruses. Virology, 68: 270-274, 1975.

[17] 17. PARKER, J.C. & RICHTER, C.B. - Viral diseases in the respiratory system. In: FOSTER, H.L.; SMALL, J.D. & FOX, J.G., ed. The mouse in biomedical research. New York, Academic Press, 1982. v. 2, p. 109-158.

[18] 18. REED, L.J. & MUENCH, H. - A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints. Amer. J. Hyg., 27: 493-497, 1938.

[19] 19. REPKA, D.; RANGEL, H.A.; ATTA, A.M; GAVINO, V.A. & PIEDRA-BUENA, A.E. - Experimental Chagas' disease in mice infected with one LD₅₀ of parasite. Rev. bras. Biol., 45: 309-316, 1985.

[20] 20. SILVA, L.H.P. & NUSSENZWEIG, V. - Sobre uma cepa de Trypanosoma cruzi altamente virulenta para o camundongo branco. Folia clín. biol. (S. Paulo), 20: 191-201, 1953.

[21] 21. SMITH, A.L.; WINOGRAD, D.F. & SOUZA, M.S. - In vitro splenic T cell responses of diverse mouse genotypes after oronasal exposure to mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM. Lab. Anim. Sci., 41: 106-111, 1991.

[22] 22. TRICHMANN, T.M.; TANOVITZ, H.; WITTNER, M. & BLOOM, B. - Trypanosoma cruzi: role of the immune response in the natural response of inbred strains of mice. Exp. Parasit., 45: 160-168, 1978.

[23] 23. TRICHMANN, T.M. & BLOOM, B. - Genetics of murine resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi. Infect. Immun., 35: 546-551, 1982.

[24] 24. WANG, A.L. & WANG, C.C. - Viruses of parasitic protozoa. Parasit, today, 7: 76-80, 1991.

[25] 25. WRIGHTSMAN, R.A.; KRASSNER, S.M. & WATSON, J. - Genetic control of responses to Trypanosoma cruzi in mice: multiple genes influencing parasitemia and survival. Infect Immum., 36: 637-644, 1982.

[26] 26. WRIGHTSMAN, R.A.; KRASSNER, S.M.; WATSON, J.D. & MANNING, J.E. - Role of the H-2s haplotype in survival of mice after infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Infect Immun., 44: 351-354, 1984.

[27] 27. ZAR, J.H. - Biostatistical analysis. 2. ed. New York, Prentice - Hall; Englewood Cliffs, 1984.

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