Influence of bacteria upon cytopathic effect and erythrophagocytosis of different axenic strains of Entamoeba histolytica

Gomes, Maria Aparecida; Martins, Maria Sonia; Costa, Adriana Oliveira; Silva, Edward Félix

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651995000300003

Abstracts

At this moment, the duality of species suggested for E. histolytica is being considered for discussion. In order to contribute to settling this question, we investigated the possibility of conversion of avirulent ameba to virulent ones, as well as, the possibility of increasing virulence of virulent strains, by means of association with bacteria. Five strains of E. histolytica were employed, two of them regarded as avirulent and three virulent ones. Amebas were associated with the bacteria Escherichia coli 055 and 0115, previously demonstrated as capable to modify the pathogenic behavior of E. histolytica. Changes in virulence of amebas were assessed by cytopathic effect upon cultured mammal cells and erythrophagocytosis. The virulence of pathogenic strains was significantly increased after bacteria association in opposition to what was observed for nonpathogenic ones, which were not influenced by bacteria association.

Ameba-bacteria interaction; Cytopathic effect; Erythrophagocytosis; Virulence

Atualmente, tem se discutido muito a dualidade da Entamoeba histolytica. Na tentativa de contribuir no esclarecimento desta questão, investigamos a possibilidade de conversão de amebas avirulentas em virulentas, como também a possibilidade de aumento de virulência de cepas virulentas seguido da associação com bactérias. Para tal utilizamos 5 cepas de E. histolytica, 2 avirulentas e 3 virulentas. As amebas foram associadas com as bactérias Escherichia coli 055 e 0115, demonstradas previamente como hábeis para modificar o comportamento patogênico da E. histolytica. As modificações na virulência das amebas foram avaliadas através do efeito citopático sobre células de mamífero em cultivo e eritrofagocitose. A virulência das cepas patogênicas foi significantemente aumentada depois da associação com bactérias em oposto ao observado para as cepas não patogênicas, as quais não foram influenciadas pela associação com bactérias.

PARASITOLOGY

Influence of bacteria upon cytopathic effect and erythrophagocytosis of different axenic strains of Entamoeba histolytica

Influência de bacterias sobre o efeito citopático e a eritrofagocitose de diferentes espécies axênicas de Entamoeba histolytica

Maria Aparecida Gomes; Maria Sonia Martins; Adriana Oliveira Costa; Edward Félix Silva

Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486,31270-010 Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil

SUMMARY

At this moment, the duality of species suggested for E. histolytica is being considered for discussion. In order to contribute to settling this question, we investigated the possibility of conversion of avirulent ameba to virulent ones, as well as, the possibility of increasing virulence of virulent strains, by means of association with bacteria. Five strains of E. histolytica were employed, two of them regarded as avirulent and three virulent ones. Amebas were associated with the bacteria Escherichia coli 055 and 0115, previously demonstrated as capable to modify the pathogenic behavior of E. histolytica. Changes in virulence of amebas were assessed by cytopathic effect upon cultured mammal cells and erythrophagocytosis. The virulence of pathogenic strains was significantly increased after bacteria association in opposition to what was observed for nonpathogenic ones, which were not influenced by bacteria association.

Keywords: Ameba-bacteria interaction; Cytopathic effect; Erythrophagocytosis; Virulence.

RESUMO

Atualmente, tem se discutido muito a dualidade da Entamoeba histolytica. Na tentativa de contribuir no esclarecimento desta questão, investigamos a possibilidade de conversão de amebas avirulentas em virulentas, como também a possibilidade de aumento de virulência de cepas virulentas seguido da associação com bactérias. Para tal utilizamos 5 cepas de E. histolytica, 2 avirulentas e 3 virulentas. As amebas foram associadas com as bactérias Escherichia coli 055 e 0115, demonstradas previamente como hábeis para modificar o comportamento patogênico da E. histolytica. As modificações na virulência das amebas foram avaliadas através do efeito citopático sobre células de mamífero em cultivo e eritrofagocitose.

A virulência das cepas patogênicas foi significantemente aumentada depois da associação com bactérias em oposto ao observado para as cepas não patogênicas, as quais não foram influenciadas pela associação com bactérias.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

FAPEMIG, FINEP and CNPq by financial support.

Recebido para publicação em 12/05/1994.

Aceito para publicação em 29/03/1995.

1. BRACHA, R.; KOBILER, D. & MIRELMAN, D. - Attachment and ingestion of bacteria by trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. Infect. Immun., 36: 393-397, 1982.
2. BRACHA, R. & MIRELMAN, D. - Adherence and ingestion of Escherichia coli serotype 055 by trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. Infect. Immun., 40: 882-887, 1983.
3. BRACHA, R. & MIRELMAN, D. - Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites: effects of bacteria, microarerobic conditions and metronidazole. J. exp. Med., 160: 353-368, 1984.
4. BRUMPT, E. - Étude sommaire de l' "Entamoeba dispar" n. sp. Amibe ŕ quistes quadrinuclées, parasite de l'homme. Bull. Acad. Med. (Paris), 94: 943-952, 1925.
5. CLARK, C.G.; CUNNICK, C.C. & DIAMOND, L. - Entamoeba histolytica: is conversion of "Nonpathogenic" amebae to the "Pathogenic" form a real phenomenon? Exp. Parasit., 74: 307-314, 1992.
6. DIAMOND, L.; HARLOW, D.R. & CUNNICK, C.C. - A new medium for the axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and other Entamoeba. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 72: 431-432, 1978.
7. DE LA TORRE, M.; DE LA HOZ, R.; LANDA, I. & SEPULVEDA, B. - Cultivos axęnicos de Entamoeba histolytica. Arch. invest. Med., 2: 165-169, 1971.
8. MIRELMAN, D. & BRACHA, R. - Entamoeba histolytica: virulence enhancement of isoenzyme-stable parasites. Exp. Parasit., 57: 172-177, 1984.
9. MIRELMAN, D.; BRACHA, R.; CHAYEN, A.; AUST-KETTIS, A. & DIAMOND, L. - Entamoeba histolytica: effects of growth conditions and bacterial associates on isoenzyme patterns and virulence. Exp. Parasit., 62: 142-148, 1986a.
10. MIRELMAN, D.; BRACHA, R.; WEXLER, A. & CHAYEN, A. - Changes in isoenzyme patterns of a cloned culture of nonpathogenic Entamoeba histolytica during axenization. Infect. Immun., 54: 827-832, 1986b.
11. OROZCO, E.; HERNANDEZ, F. & RODRIGUEZ, M.A. - Virulence related properties in Entamoeba histolytica. In: RAVDIN, J.I., ed. Amebiasis, human infection of Entamoeba histolytica. New York, Wiley, 1988. p. 316.
12. PHILLIPS, B.P. & GORSTEIN, F. - Effects of differents species of bacteria on the pathology of enteric amebiasis in monocontaminated guinea pigs. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 15: 863-868, 1966.
13. SARGEAUNT, P.G.; BAVEJA, U.K.; NANDA, R. & ANAND, B.S. - Influence of geographical factors in the distribution of pathogenic zymodeme of Entamoeba histolytica: identification of zymodeme XIV in India. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 78: 96-101, 1984.
14. SARGEAUNT, P.G. - The reliability of Entamoeba histolytica zymodemes in clinical diagnosis. Parasit. today, 3: 40-44, 1987.
15. SARGEAUNT, P.G. - A survey of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar (Brumpt) infections on Mahé, the Seychelles. Arch. med. Res., 265-267, 1992.
16. SILVA, E.F.; CARVALHO, M.G. & BRANDĂO, M.G.L. - Monoaxenizaçăo e cultivo de amostras de Entamoeba histolytica isoladas no Brasil de pacientes sintomáticos e assintomáticos. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA, 6., Belo Horizonte, 1981. Resumos. p. 18.
17. TRISSL, D.; MARTINEZ-PALOMO, A.; DE LA TORRE, M.; DE LA HOZ, R. & PEREZ SUAREZ, E. - Surface properties of Entamoeba histolytica: increased rates of human erythrocyte phagocytosis in pathogenic strains. J. exp. Med., 148: 1137-1145, 1978.
18. VARGAS, M.A. & OROZCO, E. - Entamoeba histolytica: changes in the zymodeme of cloned nonpathogenic trophozoites cultured under different conditions. Parasit. Res., 79: 353-356, 1993.
19. WALSH, J.A. - Problems in recognition and diagnosis of amebiasis: estimation of the global magnitude of morbidity. Rev. infect. Dis., 8: 228-238, 1986.
20. WESTPHAL, A. - Betrachtungen und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Virulenz der Entamoeba histolytica beim Menschen. Arch. Schiffs-u. Tropenhyg., 41: 262-279, 1937.
21. WITTNER, M. & ROSEMBAUN, R.M. - Role of bacteria in modifying virulence of Entamoeba histolytica: studies of amebae from axenic cultures. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 19: 775-761, 1970.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
21 Sept 2006
Date of issue
June 1995

History

Accepted
29 Mar 1995
Received
12 May 1994

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. BRACHA, R.; KOBILER, D. & MIRELMAN, D. - Attachment and ingestion of bacteria by trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. Infect. Immun., 36: 393-397, 1982.

[2] 2. BRACHA, R. & MIRELMAN, D. - Adherence and ingestion of Escherichia coli serotype 055 by trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. Infect. Immun., 40: 882-887, 1983.

[3] 3. BRACHA, R. & MIRELMAN, D. - Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites: effects of bacteria, microarerobic conditions and metronidazole. J. exp. Med., 160: 353-368, 1984.

[4] 4. BRUMPT, E. - Étude sommaire de l' "Entamoeba dispar" n. sp. Amibe ŕ quistes quadrinuclées, parasite de l'homme. Bull. Acad. Med. (Paris), 94: 943-952, 1925.

[5] 5. CLARK, C.G.; CUNNICK, C.C. & DIAMOND, L. - Entamoeba histolytica: is conversion of "Nonpathogenic" amebae to the "Pathogenic" form a real phenomenon? Exp. Parasit., 74: 307-314, 1992.

[6] 6. DIAMOND, L.; HARLOW, D.R. & CUNNICK, C.C. - A new medium for the axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and other Entamoeba. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 72: 431-432, 1978.

[7] 7. DE LA TORRE, M.; DE LA HOZ, R.; LANDA, I. & SEPULVEDA, B. - Cultivos axęnicos de Entamoeba histolytica. Arch. invest. Med., 2: 165-169, 1971.

[8] 8. MIRELMAN, D. & BRACHA, R. - Entamoeba histolytica: virulence enhancement of isoenzyme-stable parasites. Exp. Parasit., 57: 172-177, 1984.

[9] 9. MIRELMAN, D.; BRACHA, R.; CHAYEN, A.; AUST-KETTIS, A. & DIAMOND, L. - Entamoeba histolytica: effects of growth conditions and bacterial associates on isoenzyme patterns and virulence. Exp. Parasit., 62: 142-148, 1986a.

[10] 10. MIRELMAN, D.; BRACHA, R.; WEXLER, A. & CHAYEN, A. - Changes in isoenzyme patterns of a cloned culture of nonpathogenic Entamoeba histolytica during axenization. Infect. Immun., 54: 827-832, 1986b.

[11] 11. OROZCO, E.; HERNANDEZ, F. & RODRIGUEZ, M.A. - Virulence related properties in Entamoeba histolytica. In: RAVDIN, J.I., ed. Amebiasis, human infection of Entamoeba histolytica. New York, Wiley, 1988. p. 316.

[12] 12. PHILLIPS, B.P. & GORSTEIN, F. - Effects of differents species of bacteria on the pathology of enteric amebiasis in monocontaminated guinea pigs. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 15: 863-868, 1966.

[13] 13. SARGEAUNT, P.G.; BAVEJA, U.K.; NANDA, R. & ANAND, B.S. - Influence of geographical factors in the distribution of pathogenic zymodeme of Entamoeba histolytica: identification of zymodeme XIV in India. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 78: 96-101, 1984.

[14] 14. SARGEAUNT, P.G. - The reliability of Entamoeba histolytica zymodemes in clinical diagnosis. Parasit. today, 3: 40-44, 1987.

[15] 15. SARGEAUNT, P.G. - A survey of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar (Brumpt) infections on Mahé, the Seychelles. Arch. med. Res., 265-267, 1992.

[16] 16. SILVA, E.F.; CARVALHO, M.G. & BRANDĂO, M.G.L. - Monoaxenizaçăo e cultivo de amostras de Entamoeba histolytica isoladas no Brasil de pacientes sintomáticos e assintomáticos. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA, 6., Belo Horizonte, 1981. Resumos. p. 18.

[17] 17. TRISSL, D.; MARTINEZ-PALOMO, A.; DE LA TORRE, M.; DE LA HOZ, R. & PEREZ SUAREZ, E. - Surface properties of Entamoeba histolytica: increased rates of human erythrocyte phagocytosis in pathogenic strains. J. exp. Med., 148: 1137-1145, 1978.

[18] 18. VARGAS, M.A. & OROZCO, E. - Entamoeba histolytica: changes in the zymodeme of cloned nonpathogenic trophozoites cultured under different conditions. Parasit. Res., 79: 353-356, 1993.

[19] 19. WALSH, J.A. - Problems in recognition and diagnosis of amebiasis: estimation of the global magnitude of morbidity. Rev. infect. Dis., 8: 228-238, 1986.

[20] 20. WESTPHAL, A. - Betrachtungen und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Virulenz der Entamoeba histolytica beim Menschen. Arch. Schiffs-u. Tropenhyg., 41: 262-279, 1937.

[21] 21. WITTNER, M. & ROSEMBAUN, R.M. - Role of bacteria in modifying virulence of Entamoeba histolytica: studies of amebae from axenic cultures. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 19: 775-761, 1970.

Brasil

Brasil

Influence of bacteria upon cytopathic effect and erythrophagocytosis of different axenic strains of Entamoeba histolytica

Influência de bacterias sobre o efeito citopático e a eritrofagocitose de diferentes espécies axênicas de Entamoeba histolytica

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History