Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907: comparative morphologica studies of some Brazilian strains

Machado-Silva, José Roberto; Galvão, Cleber; Oliveira, Regina Maria Figueiredo de; Presgrave, Octavio Augusto França; Gomes, Delir Corrêa

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651995000500010

Abstracts

The morphology of Schistosoma mansoni adult male worms from three strains which have been maintained in albino mice for several generations, was compared to a strain that has been isolated from the natural host Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Muridae) captured in Sumidouro (Rio de Janeiro State) and have been maintained in the same sylvatic rodent under laboratory conditions. Total length of specimens, distance between suckers, the number of testes and extention of testes grouping were the taxonomic characters analysed. The worms recovered from N. squamipes showed expressive differences (p< 0.01) compared to the other strains regarding the considered morphological characters. The strains that were maintained in mice presented statistical differences (p< 0.01) in several characters. Some adult worms besides the normal position of the testes also showed an atypical arrangement of these glands. It can be concluded that the morphology of adult worms may be used to distinguish S. mansoni strains and that morphological changes in adult worms are not induced by successive inoculations of a strain in mice.

Schistosoma mansoni; Morphometrics; Nectomys squamipes; albino mouse

A morfologia de vermes adultos machos de tres cepas de Schistosoma mansoni, mantidas por várias gerações em camundongos albinos, foi comparada com uma cepa isolada do hospedeiro natural Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Muridae) e mantida, em laboratório, neste mesmo roedor silvestre. Como caracteres taxonômicos foram analisados o comprimento total, o numero de testículos, a distância entre as ventosas e a distância ocupada pelos testículos nos espécimes. Os vermes recuperados de N. squamipes apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,01) em relação às outras cepas para quaisquer caracteres morfológicos estudados. As cepas mantidas em camundongos apresentaram diferença estatística em vários caracteres (p<0,01). Alguns vermes adultos além da disposição normal dos testículos, apresentavam também uma localização atípica destas glândulas sexuais. Conclui-se que a morfologia dos vermes adultos pode ser utilizada para caracterizar cepas de S. mansoni e que as passagens sucessivas de uma cepa em camundongos não induzem a alterações morfológicas nos vermes adultos.

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907: comparative morphologica studies of some Brazilian strains

Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907: estudos comparativos da morfologia de algumas cepas brasileiras

José Roberto Machado-SilvaI,^* * FAPERJ fellowship, E-11/150.398/94: ** CNPq research fellowship, 302.442/83-9. ; Cleber Galvão^II; Regina Maria Figueiredo de Oliveira^I; Octavio Augusto França Presgrave^III; Delir Corrêa GomesIV,^** * FAPERJ fellowship, E-11/150.398/94: ** CNPq research fellowship, 302.442/83-9.

^IDepartamento de Patologia & Laboratórios, Faculdade de Ciencias Médicas, UERJ

^IIDepartamento de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ

^IIIDepartamento de Farmacologia & Toxicologia, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, FIOCRUZ

^IVDepartamento de Helmintologia, Laboratorio de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ

^{Correspondence to} Correspondence to: Prof. José Roberto Machado e Silva Departamento de Patologia & Laboratorios Av. 28 de Setembro 87, 5º andar, Vila Isabel 20551-031 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

SUMMARY

The morphology of Schistosoma mansoni adult male worms from three strains which have been maintained in albino mice for several generations, was compared to a strain that has been isolated from the natural host Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Muridae) captured in Sumidouro (Rio de Janeiro State) and have been maintained in the same sylvatic rodent under laboratory conditions. Total length of specimens, distance between suckers, the number of testes and extention of testes grouping were the taxonomic characters analysed. The worms recovered from N. squamipes showed expressive differences (p< 0.01) compared to the other strains regarding the considered morphological characters. The strains that were maintained in mice presented statistical differences (p< 0.01) in several characters. Some adult worms besides the normal position of the testes also showed an atypical arrangement of these glands. It can be concluded that the morphology of adult worms may be used to distinguish S. mansoni strains and that morphological changes in adult worms are not induced by successive inoculations of a strain in mice.

Keywords:Schistosoma mansoni: Morphometrics; Nectomys squamipes: albino mouse.

RESUMO

A morfologia de vermes adultos machos de tres cepas de Schistosoma mansoni, mantidas por várias gerações em camundongos albinos, foi comparada com uma cepa isolada do hospedeiro natural Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Muridae) e mantida, em laboratório, neste mesmo roedor silvestre. Como caracteres taxonômicos foram analisados o comprimento total, o numero de testículos, a distância entre as ventosas e a distância ocupada pelos testículos nos espécimes. Os vermes recuperados de N. squamipes apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,01) em relação às outras cepas para quaisquer caracteres morfológicos estudados. As cepas mantidas em camundongos apresentaram diferença estatística em vários caracteres (p<0,01). Alguns vermes adultos além da disposição normal dos testículos, apresentavam também uma localização atípica destas glândulas sexuais. Conclui-se que a morfologia dos vermes adultos pode ser utilizada para caracterizar cepas de S. mansoni e que as passagens sucessivas de uma cepa em camundongos não induzem a alterações morfológicas nos vermes adultos.

Full text available only in PDF format.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To Dr. Lygia Corrêa from Departamento de Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz for supplying S. mansoni strains and Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, for critical review and translation of the text.

Recebido para publicação em 25/04/1995

Aceito para publicação em 15/09/1995

1. CIOLI, D., KNOPF, P.M. & SENFT, A.W. - A study of Schistosoma mansoni transferred into permissive and nonpermissive hosts. Int. J. Parasit., 7: 293-297, 1977.
2. COLES, G.C. & THURSTON, J.P. - Testes number in east African Schistosoma mansoni. J. Helminth., 44: 69-73, 1970.
3. COMBES, C. - Where do human schistosomes come from? an evolutionary approach. Trends Ecol. Evol., 5: 324-337, 1990.
4. DESPRĘS, L.; IMBERT-ESTABLET, D. & MONNEROT, M. - Molecular characterization of mitochondrial DNA provides evidence for the recent introduction of Schistosoma mansoni into America. Mol. Biochem. Parast., 60: 221-230, 1993.
5. DIAS, L.C.S. & PIEDRABUENA, A.E. - Morphological aspects of Schistosoma mansoni in naturally infected Holochilus brasiliensis. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 74: 690, 1982.
6. FLETCHER, M.; LOVERDE, P.T. & WOODRUFF, D.S. - Genetic variation in Schistosoma mansoni: enzyme polymorphisms in populations from Africa, Southwest Asia, South America and the West Indies. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 30: 406-421, 1981.
7. IMBERT-ESTABLET, D. - Approche expérimentale du role de Rattus rattus et Rattus norvegicus dans le foyer de Guadeloupe. Développement comparatif de S mansoni chez 2 hôtes naturels (R. rattus et R. norvegicus) et hôtes de laboratorie (le souris blanche et le rat blanc). Ann. Parasit. hum. comp., 57: 271-274, 1982.
8. KASTNER, M.R.Q.; KOHN, A.; TEIXEIRA, E.D. & PITANGA, L.C. - Estudo morfológico do Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 encontrado na espécie humana. Rev. Soc. bras. Med. trop., 9: 247-261, 1975.
9. KLOTZEL, K. - O problema das "raças" de S. mansoni. Hospital (Rio de J.), 56: 81-88, 1959.
10. LOVERDE, P.T.; DEWALD, J.; MINCHELA, D.J.; BOSSHARDT, S.C. & DAMIAN, R.T. - Evidence for host-induced selection in Schistosoma mansoni. J. Parasit., 71: 297-301, 1985.
11. MACHADO-SILVA, J.R.; GALVĂO, C.; PRESGRAVE, O.A.F.; REY, L. & GOMES, D.C. - Host-induced morphological changes of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 male worms. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 89: 411-416, 1994.
12. MAGALHĂES, L.A. & CARVALHO, J.F. - Estudo morfológico de Schistosoma mansoni pertencentes a linhagens de Belo Horizonte (MG) e de Săo José dos Campos (SP). Rev. Saúde. públ. (S. Paulo), 7: 289-294, 1973.
13. MAGALHĂES, L.A.; ALCÂNTARA, F.G. & CARVALHO, J.F. - Alguns dados referentes ao estudo parasitológico e anatomopatológico de duas linhagens de Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907. Rev. Saúde. públ. (S.Paulo), 9: 1-5, 1975.
14. NAJIM, A.T. - A male Schistosoma mansoni with two sets of testes. J. Parasit., 37: 545-546, 1951.
15. PARAENSE, W.L. - Raças biológicas do Schistosoma mansoni no Brasil. Cięnc. e Cult., 17: 231, 1965.
16. PARAENSE, W.L. & CORRĘA, L.R. - Variation in susceptibility of populations of Australorbis glabratus to a strain of Schistosoma mansoni. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 5: 15-22, 1963.
17. PARAENSE, W.L. & CORRĘA, L.R. - Susceptibility of Australorbis tenagophilus to infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 5: 23-29, 1963.
18. PARAENSE, W.L. & CORRĘA, L.R. - Differencial susceptibility of Biomphalaria tenagophila populations to infection with a strain of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Parasit., 64: 822-826, 1978.
19. PARAENSE, W.L. & CORRĘA, L.R. - Observations on two biological races of Schistosoma mansoni. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 76: 287-291, 1981.
20. PICOT, H. - Holochilus brasiliensis and Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia-Cricetidae) natural hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 87 (suppl.4): 255-260, 1992.
21. PILLAY, D. & PILLAY, B. - Randon amplified polymorphic DNA analysis shows intraspecies variation among Schistosoma mansoni isolates. Med. Sci. Res., 22: 369-371, 1994.
22. PIRAJÁ DA SILVA, M.A. - Contribuiçăo para o estudo da schistosomiase na Bahia. Brazil-méd., 22: 281-283, 1908.
23. REY, L. - Non-human vertebrate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni and schistosomiasis transmission in Brazil. Res. Rev. Parasit., 53: 13-25, 1993.
24. SAOUD, M.F.A. - Comparative studies on the characteristics of some geographical strains of Schistosoma mansoni in mice and hamsters. J. Helminth., 39: 101-112, 1965.
25. SAOUD, M.F.A. - On the infra-specific variations of the male sexual glands of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Helminth., 40: 385-394, 1966.
26. SCHLICHTING, C.D. - The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 17: 667-693, 1986.
27. SIEGEL, S. - Estatística năo paramétrica para as ciências do comportamento. Rio de Janeiro, Ed. McGRAWHILL, 1975.
28. SILVA, R.R.; MACHADO-SILVA, J.R.; FAERSTEIN, N.F.; LENZI, H.L. & REY, L. - Natural infection of wild rodents by Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitological aspects. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 87 (suppl.1): 271-276, 1992.
29. SMITHERS, R.S. & TERRY, R.J. - The infection of laboratory hosts with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the recovery of adults worms. Parasitology, 55: 695-700, 1965.
30. SOLIMAN, G.N.; MANSOUR, N.S. & EL-ASSAL, F.M. - On the infra specific variations in the frequency of supernumerary testes in Schistosoma mansoni. Z. Parasitenkd., 70: 561-564, 1984.
31. STIREWALT, M.A.; KUNTZ, R.E. & EVANS, A.S. - The relative susceptibilities of the commonly used laboratory mammals to infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 31: 57-82, 1951.
32. THOMPSON, R.C.A. & LYMBERY, A.J. - Intraspecific variation in parasites - What is a strain? Parasit. today, 6: 345-348, 1990.
33. TRAVASSOS, L. - Algumas observaçőes sobre a bionomia do Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 feitas na Cidade de Salvador, Bahia. An. Acad. bras. Cięn., 25: 157-163, 1953.
34. WATSON, J.J. & PIKE, A.W. - Variation in the morphology of adult Apatemon gracilis Rudolphi, 1819 (Digenea: Strigeidae) reared in different avian hosts. Systematic Parasit., 26: 33-38, 1993.

Correspondence to:

Prof. José Roberto Machado e Silva

Departamento de Patologia & Laboratorios

Av. 28 de Setembro 87, 5º andar, Vila Isabel

20551-031 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

*

FAPERJ fellowship, E-11/150.398/94:

**

CNPq research fellowship, 302.442/83-9.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
21 Sept 2006
Date of issue
Oct 1995

History

Received
25 Apr 1995
Accepted
15 Sept 1995

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. CIOLI, D., KNOPF, P.M. & SENFT, A.W. - A study of Schistosoma mansoni transferred into permissive and nonpermissive hosts. Int. J. Parasit., 7: 293-297, 1977.

[2] 2. COLES, G.C. & THURSTON, J.P. - Testes number in east African Schistosoma mansoni. J. Helminth., 44: 69-73, 1970.

[3] 3. COMBES, C. - Where do human schistosomes come from? an evolutionary approach. Trends Ecol. Evol., 5: 324-337, 1990.

[4] 4. DESPRĘS, L.; IMBERT-ESTABLET, D. & MONNEROT, M. - Molecular characterization of mitochondrial DNA provides evidence for the recent introduction of Schistosoma mansoni into America. Mol. Biochem. Parast., 60: 221-230, 1993.

[5] 5. DIAS, L.C.S. & PIEDRABUENA, A.E. - Morphological aspects of Schistosoma mansoni in naturally infected Holochilus brasiliensis. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 74: 690, 1982.

[6] 6. FLETCHER, M.; LOVERDE, P.T. & WOODRUFF, D.S. - Genetic variation in Schistosoma mansoni: enzyme polymorphisms in populations from Africa, Southwest Asia, South America and the West Indies. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 30: 406-421, 1981.

[7] 7. IMBERT-ESTABLET, D. - Approche expérimentale du role de Rattus rattus et Rattus norvegicus dans le foyer de Guadeloupe. Développement comparatif de S mansoni chez 2 hôtes naturels (R. rattus et R. norvegicus) et hôtes de laboratorie (le souris blanche et le rat blanc). Ann. Parasit. hum. comp., 57: 271-274, 1982.

[8] 8. KASTNER, M.R.Q.; KOHN, A.; TEIXEIRA, E.D. & PITANGA, L.C. - Estudo morfológico do Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 encontrado na espécie humana. Rev. Soc. bras. Med. trop., 9: 247-261, 1975.

[9] 9. KLOTZEL, K. - O problema das "raças" de S. mansoni. Hospital (Rio de J.), 56: 81-88, 1959.

[10] 10. LOVERDE, P.T.; DEWALD, J.; MINCHELA, D.J.; BOSSHARDT, S.C. & DAMIAN, R.T. - Evidence for host-induced selection in Schistosoma mansoni. J. Parasit., 71: 297-301, 1985.

[11] 11. MACHADO-SILVA, J.R.; GALVĂO, C.; PRESGRAVE, O.A.F.; REY, L. & GOMES, D.C. - Host-induced morphological changes of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 male worms. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 89: 411-416, 1994.

[12] 12. MAGALHĂES, L.A. & CARVALHO, J.F. - Estudo morfológico de Schistosoma mansoni pertencentes a linhagens de Belo Horizonte (MG) e de Săo José dos Campos (SP). Rev. Saúde. públ. (S. Paulo), 7: 289-294, 1973.

[13] 13. MAGALHĂES, L.A.; ALCÂNTARA, F.G. & CARVALHO, J.F. - Alguns dados referentes ao estudo parasitológico e anatomopatológico de duas linhagens de Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907. Rev. Saúde. públ. (S.Paulo), 9: 1-5, 1975.

[14] 14. NAJIM, A.T. - A male Schistosoma mansoni with two sets of testes. J. Parasit., 37: 545-546, 1951.

[15] 15. PARAENSE, W.L. - Raças biológicas do Schistosoma mansoni no Brasil. Cięnc. e Cult., 17: 231, 1965.

[16] 16. PARAENSE, W.L. & CORRĘA, L.R. - Variation in susceptibility of populations of Australorbis glabratus to a strain of Schistosoma mansoni. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 5: 15-22, 1963.

[17] 17. PARAENSE, W.L. & CORRĘA, L.R. - Susceptibility of Australorbis tenagophilus to infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 5: 23-29, 1963.

[18] 18. PARAENSE, W.L. & CORRĘA, L.R. - Differencial susceptibility of Biomphalaria tenagophila populations to infection with a strain of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Parasit., 64: 822-826, 1978.

[19] 19. PARAENSE, W.L. & CORRĘA, L.R. - Observations on two biological races of Schistosoma mansoni. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 76: 287-291, 1981.

[20] 20. PICOT, H. - Holochilus brasiliensis and Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia-Cricetidae) natural hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 87 (suppl.4): 255-260, 1992.

[21] 21. PILLAY, D. & PILLAY, B. - Randon amplified polymorphic DNA analysis shows intraspecies variation among Schistosoma mansoni isolates. Med. Sci. Res., 22: 369-371, 1994.

[22] 22. PIRAJÁ DA SILVA, M.A. - Contribuiçăo para o estudo da schistosomiase na Bahia. Brazil-méd., 22: 281-283, 1908.

[23] 23. REY, L. - Non-human vertebrate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni and schistosomiasis transmission in Brazil. Res. Rev. Parasit., 53: 13-25, 1993.

[24] 24. SAOUD, M.F.A. - Comparative studies on the characteristics of some geographical strains of Schistosoma mansoni in mice and hamsters. J. Helminth., 39: 101-112, 1965.

[25] 25. SAOUD, M.F.A. - On the infra-specific variations of the male sexual glands of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Helminth., 40: 385-394, 1966.

[26] 26. SCHLICHTING, C.D. - The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 17: 667-693, 1986.

[27] 27. SIEGEL, S. - Estatística năo paramétrica para as ciências do comportamento. Rio de Janeiro, Ed. McGRAWHILL, 1975.

[28] 28. SILVA, R.R.; MACHADO-SILVA, J.R.; FAERSTEIN, N.F.; LENZI, H.L. & REY, L. - Natural infection of wild rodents by Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitological aspects. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 87 (suppl.1): 271-276, 1992.

[29] 29. SMITHERS, R.S. & TERRY, R.J. - The infection of laboratory hosts with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the recovery of adults worms. Parasitology, 55: 695-700, 1965.

[30] 30. SOLIMAN, G.N.; MANSOUR, N.S. & EL-ASSAL, F.M. - On the infra specific variations in the frequency of supernumerary testes in Schistosoma mansoni. Z. Parasitenkd., 70: 561-564, 1984.

[31] 31. STIREWALT, M.A.; KUNTZ, R.E. & EVANS, A.S. - The relative susceptibilities of the commonly used laboratory mammals to infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 31: 57-82, 1951.

[32] 32. THOMPSON, R.C.A. & LYMBERY, A.J. - Intraspecific variation in parasites - What is a strain? Parasit. today, 6: 345-348, 1990.

[33] 33. TRAVASSOS, L. - Algumas observaçőes sobre a bionomia do Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 feitas na Cidade de Salvador, Bahia. An. Acad. bras. Cięn., 25: 157-163, 1953.

[34] 34. WATSON, J.J. & PIKE, A.W. - Variation in the morphology of adult Apatemon gracilis Rudolphi, 1819 (Digenea: Strigeidae) reared in different avian hosts. Systematic Parasit., 26: 33-38, 1993.

Brasil

Brasil

Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907: comparative morphologica studies of some Brazilian strains

Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907: estudos comparativos da morfologia de algumas cepas brasileiras

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History