Abstracts
During the annual fly survey at Doi Nang Kaew in Doi Saket District, Chiang Mai Province of Thailand in 2011, Isomyia paurogonitaFang & Fan, 1986 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Sumatria latifrons Malloch, 1926 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were collected for the first time in Thailand. They are the rare species of the subfamily Rhiniinae (tribe Cosminini). Prior to this finding, fifteen species of Isomyia and two species of Sumatriawere recorded from Thailand. Therefore, 96 blow fly species have been found in this country. These new locality records of both flies are very important for further research on their biology and ecology in Thailand.
Blow fly; Isomyia paurogonita ; Sumatria latifrons ; Key; Thailand
Durante a pesquisa anual de moscas em Doi Nang Kaew no Distrito de Doi, Província de Chiang Mai, Thailandia, em 2011, Isomyia paurogonita Fang e Fan, 1986 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) e Sumatria latifrons, Malloch, 1926 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) foram coletados pela primeira vez na Tailândia. São espécies raras da sub-família Rhiniinae (tribo Cosminini). Antes deste achado, 15 espécies de Isomyia e duas de Sumatria foram relatadas na Tailândia. Portanto, 96 espécies de ”blow flies” foram encontradas neste país. Estes achados locais de ambas as moscas são bastante importantes para a posterior pesquisa de sua biologia e ecologia na Tailândia.
During fly surveys conducted in forested and mountainous areas in 2011, a large number of blow flies were collected from the mountain, namely Doi Nang Kaew, in Doi Saket District of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. The specimens were then pinned, labeled, and identified by the first and last authors. The identification revealed that some of the blow flies collected are Isomyia paurogonitaFang and Fan, 1986 (Fig. 1 A, B) and Sumatria latifrons Malloch, 1926 (Fig. 2 A, B). The voucher specimens were deposited in the collection of the International Department of Dipterology, Japan.
Isomyia paurogonita Fang and Fan, 1986, female (A) Habitus, dorsal view (bar = 2 mm), Arrow indicates a fuscous basicosta ; (B) Habitus, lateral view (bar = 2 mm), White arrow indicates a mesopleuron largely clothed with yellow hairs; while black arrow points a tongue-shape thoracic squama.
Sumatria latifrons Malloch, 1926, female (A) Habitus, dorsal view (bar = 1 mm), Arrow indicates a pollinose stripe on brownish black thorax; (B) Habitus, lateral view (bar = 2 mm), Black arrow indicates a shortly pilose arista (Only ventral side); while white arrow points a bright orange femur.
Recently, 94 blow fly species were found and recorded from Thailand1,2. They were classified to nine subfamilies; i.e., Ameniinae, Calliphorinae, Luciliinae, Phumosiinae, Polleniinae, Bengaliinae, Auchmeromyiinae, Chrysomyinae, and Rhiniinae1. The genera Isomyia and Sumatria are included in the tribe Cosminini of the subfamily Rhiininae. Fifteen species of Isomyia have been previously recorded from Thailand including Isomyia borneensis (Perris, 1951), Isomyia cupreoviridis (Malloch, 1928), Isomyia dotata (Walker, 1856), Isomyia facialis James, 1970, Isomyia hetauda Kurahashi & Thapa, 1994, Isomyia lugubris James, 1970, Isomyia oestracea(Séguy, 1934), Isomyia pichoni (Séguy, 1934), Isomyia pictifacies (Bigot, 1877), Isomyia pseudonepalana (Senior-White, Aubertin & Smart, 1940), Isomyia pseudoviridana (Peris, 1952), Isomyia singhi Kurahashi & Thapa, 1994, Isomyia versicolor (Bigot, 1877), Isomyia viridaurea(Wiedemann, 1819), and Isomyia watanasaki Kurahashi & Bunchu, 20111,2. Meanwhile, only two species of Sumatria, Sumatria chiekoae Kurahashi & Tumrasavin, 1992 and Sumatria brevis James, 1966 have already been recorded from Thailand. By adding two new species to the existing records, 96 blow fly species have been listed in Thailand.
As for Isomyia paurogonita, it was firstly described in the Yunnan Province, China and hitherto was known in Malaysia (Borneo, Malaya)3. However, the knowledge of its bionomics is limited. HEO et al.3 reported the adult morphology and collection places as well. This fly species was found in forested and rural areas in peninsular Malaysia at various altitudes. The key to Oriental Isomyia species of the Viridurea has been previously reported by JAMES4. To update the taxonomic key of the genus Isomyia of Thailand, the latest edition key of KURAHASHI & BUNCHU6 is revised and provided in this report.
Key to the species of Isomyia
1. Subcostal sclerite (Sc) next to humeral cross vein (h) bare below..............................................................2
- Sc next to h setulose below.............................17
2. Body very stout; thoracic squama strongly lobulate......3
- Body usually slender; thoracic squama not lobulate, like tongue-shape .............................................................11
3. Lunule with several short black setulae................4
- Lunule bare.............................................5
4. Body entirely black, with purplish tinge; mesonotum and abdomen with cinereous pollinosity which is rather uniform in density except on posterior margins of tergites..............I. lugubris James
- Body entirely or largely metallic green, blue or purple in ground color; mesonotum more or less pollinose and tergite 5 green dorsally, with dense, ashy pollinosity which, at least from posterior view, largely conceals background in striking contrast to the dark blue to purple on tergites.................................................1+2-4 [No record from Thailand].................I. chalconotum James
5. Both mesopleural hairs and hairs of other pleural areas, soft and yellow to golden, except for usual black setulae just below notopleural suture......................................................6
- Mesopleural hairs more extensively black than indicated above, with some soft black hairs on mesopleuron, sometimes remote from notopleural suture, and on sternopleuron.........................9
6. Basicosta bright yellow; epaulet yellowish..................7
- Basicosta black; epaulet black...............................8
7. Pleura and abdomen densely pollinose in male, less so in female, but dorsum of tergite 5, when viewed laterally at angle, with tessellated pattern of pollinosity; black lateral bristles on tergite 1+2 surrounded, at least on three sides, by pale yellow hairs....I. viridaurea(Wiedemann)
- Pleura and abdomen less densely pollinose, without tessellated pattern; black lateral bristles on tergite 1+2 surrounded by black hairs.........................................I. pichoni(Séguy)
8. Tergites 3-4 distinctly marginal banded, with median stripe in male, broadly metallic banded with copper tinge in female; wing hyaline in male and female, with distinct fuscous cloud apically in female; parafrontal in female about 1/2 as wide as frontal stripe at middle of frons; hind tibia with 1 av in male...............I. borneensisJames
- Tergites 3-4 without any marginal band and median stripe; wing hyaline, clear in male and with apical unclear/indistinct fuscous in female; parafrontal in female subequal to frontal stripe at middle of frons; hind tibia without av in male [No record from Thailand]....................................I. electa(Villeneuve)
9. Alar and thoracic squamae wholly dark brown to black..........................I. oestracea(Séguy)
- Alar and thoracic squamae white, at least at base...........10
10. Alar squama, in both sexes, white on basal 1/2 or more; thoracic squama white at base; larger species, 10.0-11.0 mm in length........................................I. pictifacies(Bigot)
- Alar and thoracic squamae wholly white in female; alar one white only anteroventrally in male; smaller species, 7.0-9.0 mm in length....................................I. facialis James
11. Basicosta yellow; male sternite 5 with normal shaped lateral lobes..........I. pseudonepalana (Senior-White, Aubertin & Smart)
- Basicosta fuscous to black...........................12
12. Mesopleuron entirely or largely covered with black hairs except for several yellow ones on lower margin...........................13
- Mesopleuron largely clothed with yellow hairs on lower 1/3 to 1/2 and along posterior margin before row of yellow pilosity.........15
13. Mesopleuron entirely covered with black hairs, with row of long black pilose hairs along posterior margin...................14
- Mesopleuron largely clothed with black hairs, yellow hairs present on lower small part, with row of yellow pilosity......I. versicolor(Bigot)
14. Wing hyaline; lunule blackish setulose; AS3 largely fuscous; gena black; body metallic green; tergites 3--4 with fine black longitudinal stripe; hypopygium prominent, metallic green..........I. pseudoviridanaPeris
- Wing smoked on apical 1/2; lunule bare; antennae entirely yellowish orange; gena reddish on anterior 2/3; body dark olivious green, with bronzy tinge; tergites 3-4 with triangular blackish spot; hypopygium normal, with GS1 dark olivious green....I. singhi Kurahashi & Thapa
15. Lunule distinctly with black setulae....I. paurogonita Fang & Fan
- Lunule bare................................................16
16. Parafacial in profile narrower than width of AS3; parafacial setulae fine, white, shorted than width of AS3 in lateral view [No record from Thailand].........................I. fulvicornis(Bigot)
- Parafacial in profile 1.5-2.0 x as width of AS3: parafacial setulae usually black, if partially white, the longest black ones exceeding width of AS3..............................I. hetauda Kurahashi
17. Thorax rather densely pollinose, with three distinct broad black stripes [No record from Thailand]........I. malayensis(Townsend)
- Thorax inconspicuously pollinose, with indistinct dark spots, but no stripes....................................................18
18. Thoracic squama lobulate inwards; setulae on ventral surface of sc yellowish, fine; mesopleural and pteropleural hairs yellow................................I. cupreoviridis(Malloch)
- Thoracic squama not lobulate; setulae of sc on ventral surface of wing black; mesopleural and pteropleural hairs black to fuscous................................................19
19. Head holoptic in male; male cercus free from one another.....................I. dotata (Walker)
- Head subholoptic in male; male cercus fused with one another....................I. watanasaki Kurahashi & Bunchu
Sumatria latifrons, whose type locality is Sumatra, Indonesia, was previously recorded from Malaysia (Borneo, Malaya) and Indonesia (Sumatra)7. Few reports related to its bionomics can be found. The previous report only indicated that adults were found on decaying animals in mountainous areas5. This species was already included in the key of KURAHASHI & BUNCHU, but had not yet been recorded in Thailand at that time6. These last authors mentioned that this species will be most probably found by future surveys in the southern part. Interestingly, we found it in Chiang Mai Province in the northern part.
Adults of S. latifrons can be identified by the following three important characteristics: 1) arista shortly pilose on ventral side, 2) thorax wholly brownish black, pollinose stripes limited to presutural area and gradually disappearing, and 3) femora partly testaceous or bright orange (Fig. 2).
Note on specimens, localities, altitudes, collection dates and collectors:
Isomyia paurogonita Fang and Fan, 1986
Specimens examined. THAILAND: 1 ♀, Chiang Mai Province, Doi Saket District, Doi Nang Kaew, 1,016 m, 10.iii.2011, K. Moophayak; 4 ♂, same locality, 1,142 m, 13.xi.2011, H. Kurahashi.
Sumatria latifrons Malloch, 1926
Specimens examined. THAILAND: 1 ♀, Chiang Mai Province, Doi Saket District, Doi Nang Kaew, 1,142m, 13.xi.2011, H. Kurahashi; 1 ♀, same locality, 1,016m, 13.xi.2011, H. Kurahashi.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Financial support was provided by the Thailand Research Fund (RSA5580010). We thank the Division of Research Administration, Naresuan University, for defraying the publication cost.
REFERENCES
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2Bunchu N, Sukontason K, Sanit S, Chidburee P, Kurahashi H, Sukontason KL. Occurrence of blow fly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Phitsanulok Province, Northern Thailand. Trop Biomed. 2012;29:532-43.
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3Heo CC, Aisha S, Kurahashi H, Omar B. New locality record of Isomyia paurogonita Fang & Fan, 1986 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Trop Biomed. 2013;30:159-63.
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4James MT. A partial revision of the Oriental Isomyia of the Viridaurea group (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Smithsonian Contr Zool. 1970;67:1-20.
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5Kurahashi H, Benjaphong N, Omar B. Blow flies (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae) of Malaysia and Singapore. Raffles B Zool. 1997(Suppl 5):74-82.
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6Kurahashi H, Bunchu N. The blow flies recorded from Thailand, with the description of a new species of Isomyia Walker (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Jpn J Syst Entomol. 2011;17:237-78.
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7Kurahashi H, Leh MU. The blow flies from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Diptera Calliphoridae), with practical keys and a checklist. Sarawak Mus J. 2009;87:299-300.
Publication Dates
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Publication in this collection
Mar-Apr 2014
History
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Received
26 Apr 2013 -
Accepted
25 June 2013
