Efeitos da intoxicação crônica com o etanol na evolução da Tripanosomíase cruzi experimental no camundongo

ARTIGOS

Efeitos da intoxicação crônica com o etanol na evolução da Tripanosomíase cruzi experimental no camundongo

Nildete das Graças Lima Gomes; Fausto Edmundo Lima Pereira

^{Endereço para correspondência}

RESUMO

Dois experimentos foram realizados para estudar o efeito da intoxicação crônica com o etanol (solução a 7% como única fonte de líquido) sobre a evolução da infecção pelo T. cruzi em camundongos: (1) animais após 60 dias de infecção com cepa miotrópica do T. cruzi foram submetidos à intoxicação crônica com o etanol durante 6 meses; (2) animais cronicamente intoxicados com etanol durante 5 meses foram infectados com a mesma cepa do T. cruzi e, continuando a ingestão do etanol, foram acompanhados até 45 dias após a infecção. Os animais infectados e tratados com etanol apresentaram, em relação aos que não ingeriram álcool etílico: (a) mortalidade semelhante nos dois experimentos; (b) parasitemia mais alta na fase aguda e parasitemia patente mais freqüente na fase crônica; (b) miocardite com exsudato inflamatório menos intenso e fibrose miocárdica mais extensa na fase crônica; (c) no músculo esquelético, miosite menos intensa e arterite com trombose hialina menos freqüente.

Palavras-chave: Alcoolismo e doença de Chagas. Alcoolismo. Trypanosoma cruzi.

ABSTRACT

The effect of chronic ethyl alcohol intoxication on the evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice was studied by two experimental procedures: (1) mice after 60 days of infection with a myotropic strain ofT. cruzi were submitted to chronic alcoholic intoxidation receiving a 7% ethanol solution as only liquid source for six months; (2) mice chronically intoxicated with ethanol during five months were infected with the same strain of T. cruzi and were followed up for 45 days drinking the 7% alcoholic solution. In comparison with the infected group, not treated with ethanol, the infected mice that received the ethanol showed: a) similar mortality in the two experiments; (b) higher parasitemia in the acute phase and more frequent blood parasites in the chronic phase; (c) myocarditis with less severe cellular exudation but with increased fibrosis; (d) in the skeletal muscle, milder myositis and lowfrequency of arteritis and hyaline thrombi.

Keywords: Alcoholism and Chagas' disease. Alcoholism. Trypanosoma cruzi.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Recebido para publicação em 23/11/88.

Departamento de Patologia Centro Biomédico. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.

• 1. Adams HG, Jordan C. Infection in the alcoholic. The Medical Clinics of North America 68:179-200, 1984.
• 2. Alexander CS, Forsyth GW, Nagasawa HT, Kohlhoff JG. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy in mice. Myocardial glycogen, lipids and certain enzymes. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 9:235-245, 1977.
• 3. Alexander CS, Sekhiri KK, Nagasawa HT. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy in mice. Electron microscopic observations. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 9:247-254, 1977.
• 4. Ali MV, Norlan JP. Alcohol induced depression of reticuloendothelial function in the rat. The Journal of Laboraty and Clinical Medicine 70:295-301, 1967.
• 5. Almerman EL, ColtartDJ. Alcohol and the heart British Medical Bulletin 38:77-80, 1982.
• 6. Askanas A, Udoshi M, Sadjadi SA. The heart in chronic alcoholism: a noninvasive study. American Heart Journal 99:9-16, 1980.
• 7. Atkinson JP, Sullivan TJ, Kelly JP, Parker CW. Stimulation by alcohols of cyclic AMP metabolism in human leukocytes. Possible role fo cyclic AMP in the anti-inflamatory effects of ethanol. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 60:284-294, 1977.
• 8. Bagasra O. Howeedy A, Dorio R, Kajdacsy-Balla A. Functional analysis of T cell subsets in chronic experimental alcoholism immunology 61: 63-69, 1987.
• 9. Bijorkholm M. Immunological and hematological ab-normalities in chronic alcoholism. Acta Medica Scandinavica 207:197-200, 1980.
• 10. Brayton RG, Stokes PE, Schwartz MS, Loura DB. Effect of alcohol and various diseases on leukocyte mobilization phagocytosis and intracellular bacterial killing. The New England Journal of Medicine 282:123- 128, 1970.
• 11. Brener Z. Contribuição ao estudo da terapêutica experimental da doença de Chagas, Tese. Universidade Federai de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 1961.
• 12. Burch GE, Colcolough HL, Harb JM, Tsui CY. The effect of ingestion of ethyl alcohol, wine and beer on the myocardium of mice. The American Journal of Cardiology 27:522-28, 1971.
• 13. Burch GE, Giles TD. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. In B Kissin and H Begleiter: The Biology of Alcoholism. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 435-460, 1974.
• 14. Cabemite L. O alcoolismo no Brasil e as dificuldades na área: Epidemiologia e Prevenção. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 31:89-112, 1982.
• 15. Caren LD, Leveque JA, Mandel AD. Effect of ethanol on the immune system in mice. Toxicology Letters 19:147-153, 1983.
• 16. Carmona A, Merino RA, Melendez M, Tank LV, Reid M Soto JR, Gonzalez MC, Woff C. Subpoblaciones de linfócitos en alcoholicos con y sin cirrosis. Revista Medica de Chile 108:1108-1104, 1980.
• 17. Eichner ER. The hematologic disorders of alcoholism. The American Journal of Medicine 54:621-630, 1973.
• 18. Gluckman SJ, Dvorak VC, MacGregor RR. Host defenses during prolonged alcohol consumption in a controled environment. Archives of Internal Medicine 137:1539-1543, 1977.
• 19. Green GM, Kass EH. Factors influencing the clearence of bacteria by the lung. Journal of Clinical Investigation 43: 1969.
• 20. Guarneri JJ, Laurenzi GA. Effect of alcohol on the mobilization of alveolar macrophages. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 72:40-51, 1968.
• 21. Iturriaga H, Pereda T, Estévez A, Ugarte G. Serum immunoglobulin A changes in alcoholic patients. Annals of Clinical Research 9:39-43, 1977.
• 22. Larckin EC, Watson-Williams EJ. Alcohol and the blood. The Medical Clinics of North America 68: 105- 120, 1984.
• 23. Lindenbaum J, Hargrove L. Thrombocytopenia in alcoholics. Annals Internal Medicine 68:526-532, 1968.
• 24. Lindy S, Pedersen FB, Turto H, Uitto J. Lactate dehydrogenase and protocollagen proline hydrocylase in rat skin autograft. Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur Physiologische Chemie 352:113-118, 1971.
• 25. Liu YK. Phagocytic capacity of reticuloendothelial system in alcoholics. Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society. 25:605-613, 1979.
• 26. Lochner A, Cowley R, Brink AJ. Effect of ethanol on metabolism and function of perfused rat heart American Heart Journal 78:770-780, 1969.
• 27. Lo Grippo GA, Anselm K, Hayashi H. Serum immunoglobulins and five serum proteins in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice and alcoholic cirrhosis. Immunoglobulins and proteins in liver diseases. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 56:357-363, 1971.
• 28. Lundy J, Raaf JH, Deakins S, Wanebo HJ, Jacobs DA, Lee T, Jacobowitz D, Spear C, Oettgen HF. The acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the human immune system. Surgery Ginecology and Obstetrics 141:212- 218, 1975.
• 29. Manigot DA, Guariento ME, Bastos A, Femandez- Camilo MV, Lopes dos Santos TC. Correlação entre o consumo de álcool e as manifestações da cardiopatia crônica chagásica. Anais do VI Congresso da Federação Latino-Americana de Parasitólogos. São Paulo, p.178, 1983.
• 30. Morland B, Morland J. Effects of long term ethanol consumption on rat peritoneal macrophages. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 50:221-224, 1982.
• 31. Orrego H, Israel Y, Crossley IR, Mahmoud AA, Peters PA, Varghese G, Wanless IR. Effect of chronic alcohol intake on hepatic fibrosis and granulomas in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Hepatology 1:416-418, 1981.
• 32. Pareto Junior RC, Barreto Netto M, Porto MAT, Couto AA, F aria CAC, Silva JBG, Galvão AC, Pinheiro LAF, Cunha VW, Saad E. Miocardiopatia alcoólica. A Folha Médica 83:227-242, 1981.
• 33. Regan TJ, EttingerPO, Haider B, Ahmer S, Oldewurtel HA, Lyons MM. The role of ethanol in cardiac disease. Annual Review of Medicine 28:393-409, 1977.
• 34. Segel LD, Klausner SC, Gnadt JTH, Amsterdam EA. Alcohol and the heart. Medical Clinics of North America 68:147-161, 1984.
• 35. Segel LD, Rendig SV, Choquet Y, Chacko K, Amsterdam EA, Mason DT. Effects of chronic graded ethanol consumption on the metabolism, ultrastructure, and mechanical function of the rat heart. Cardiovascular Research 9: 649-663, 1975.
• 36. Smith FE, PalmerDL. Alcoholism, infection and altered host defenses: a review of clinical and experimental observation. Journal of Chronic Diseases 29:35-49, 1976.
• 37. Tennembaum JI, Ruppert RD, Saint Pierre RL, Greenberger NJ. The effect of chronic alcohol administration on the immune responsiveness of rats. The Journal of Allergy 44:272-281, 1969.
• 38. Uribarrena R, Maortua M, Rada ED, Crisci CD, Rull S, Borda F, Puente AR. Subpoblaciones linfocitarias en pacientes com etilismo crénico. Revista Clínica Espanola. 156:431-434, 1980.

Endereço para correspondência:

Dr. Fausto Edmundo Lima Pereira.

Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.

CP: 780- 29000

Vitória, ES.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  28 Maio 2013
• Data do Fascículo
  Dez 1989

Histórico

• Aceito
  23 Nov 1988
• Recebido
  23 Nov 1988