Aspectos epidemiológicos das infecções por rota vírus no Distrito Federal, Brasil

Teixeira, José Marcus Sócrates; Figueiredo, Rosane Braga de; Santos, Helena Maria Pereira dos; Ferreira, Maria Neusa Ribeiro; Câmara, Geni Neumann Noceti de Lima

doi:10.1590/S0037-86821991000400004

Resumos

Rotavírus foram pesquisados em 607amostrasfecais de crianças de até 6 anos de idade com quadros de diarréia aguda, no período de maio de 1986 a abril de 1990. Foi utilizada a técnica de eletroforese em gel depoliacrilamida (PAGE), sendo os rotavírus detectados em 123 amostras (20,27%) das quais 107(87,00%) apresentaram perfil eletroforético longo, compatível com o subgrupo II. Os rotavírus não foram encontrados no grupo controle constituído de crianças sadias, sendo porém detectados em 7,80% das crianças internadas por outras causas que não diarréia aguda. A maioria das crianças positivas para rotavírus encontrava-se na faixa etária de 6a24 meses (73,98%). A média depositividade nos meses chuvosos (outubro a abril) foi igual a 9,60% e no período seco, 34,48% com picos que variaram entre 53,17 e 73,27% nos meses de junho e julho, os mais frios do ano.

Rotavírus; Diarréia aguda infantil; Epidemiologia

Rotavirus testing was perfimed on fecal samples of 607 infants and young children aging from Oio 6 years with acute diarrhoea between May 1986and April 1990. Samples were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Rotaviruses ware detected in 123 samples (20.27%);from those, 107 $S7.00%) were classified as subgroup U (long profile). Rotaviruses were not detected in the control group of healthy children, but it were present in 7.80% of the children hospitalizedfor other causes but acute diarrhoea. Most of the children with rotavirus infection rangedfrom 6 to 24 months of age (73.98%). The mean of positive cases during the rainny months (October to April) was of 9.60% and during the dry period was of34.48%. The highest values were 53.17 and 73.27% in June and July, the coldest months of the year.

Rotavirus; Acute diarrhoea in infants; Epidemiology

ARTIGOS

Aspectos epidemiológicos das infecções por rota vírus no Distrito Federal, Brasil

José Marcus Sócrates Teixeira; Rosane Braga de Figueiredo; Helena Maria Pereira dos Santos; Maria Neusa Ribeiro Ferreira; Geni Neumann Noceti de Lima Câmara

^{Endereço para correspondência} Endereço para correspondência: Dr. José Marcus Sócrates Teixeira Núcleo de Virologia Instituto de Saúde do Distrito Federal SGAN 601 lotes O/P 70830 Brasília, DF.

RESUMO

Rotavírus foram pesquisados em 607amostrasfecais de crianças de até 6 anos de idade com quadros de diarréia aguda, no período de maio de 1986 a abril de 1990. Foi utilizada a técnica de eletroforese em gel depoliacrilamida (PAGE), sendo os rotavírus detectados em 123 amostras (20,27%) das quais 107(87,00%) apresentaram perfil eletroforético longo, compatível com o subgrupo II. Os rotavírus não foram encontrados no grupo controle constituído de crianças sadias, sendo porém detectados em 7,80% das crianças internadas por outras causas que não diarréia aguda. A maioria das crianças positivas para rotavírus encontrava-se na faixa etária de 6a24 meses (73,98%). A média depositividade nos meses chuvosos (outubro a abril) foi igual a 9,60% e no período seco, 34,48% com picos que variaram entre 53,17 e 73,27% nos meses de junho e julho, os mais frios do ano.

Palavras-chave: Rotavírus. Diarréia aguda infantil. Epidemiologia.

ABSTRACT

Rotavirus testing was perfimed on fecal samples of 607 infants and young children aging from Oio 6 years with acute diarrhoea between May 1986and April 1990. Samples were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Rotaviruses ware detected in 123 samples (20.27%);from those, 107 $S7.00%) were classified as subgroup U (long profile). Rotaviruses were not detected in the control group of healthy children, but it were present in 7.80% of the children hospitalizedfor other causes but acute diarrhoea. Most of the children with rotavirus infection rangedfrom 6 to 24 months of age (73.98%). The mean of positive cases during the rainny months (October to April) was of 9.60% and during the dry period was of34.48%. The highest values were 53.17 and 73.27% in June and July, the coldest months of the year.

Keywords: Rotavirus. Acute diarrhoea in infants. Epidemiology.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Recebido para publicação em 19/08/91.

Núcleo de Virologia, Instituto de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Brasília, DF.

Suporte financeiro: CNPq e FINEP.

1. Azeredo RS, de Farias V, Leite JPG, Pereira HG, Schatzmayr HG, Suttmoller F, Vidal MNP, Torós M, Solberg P. Agentes virais associados a gastroenterites infantis no Rio de Janeiro. Boletim Epidemiológico XV:7-8, 1983.
2. Boulikas T, Hancock R. A highly sensitive technique for stainning DNA and RNA in polyacrylamide gels using silver. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 5:219-228, 1981.
3. Cardoso DDP, Brito WMED, Martins RMB, Kitajima EW, Souza MPM, Barbosa AJ, Oliveira SA, Rascopi SB. Ocorrência de rotavirus e adenovirus em amostras fecais de crianças com gastrenterite, na cidade de Goiânia. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 22:67- 71, 1989.
4. Carr ME, Donald G, McKendrick W, Spyridakis T. The clinical features of infantile gastroenteritis due to rotavirus. Scandinavian Journal of Infections Diseases 8:241-243, 1976.
5. Coiro JRR, Almeida Neto AJ, Heuser MCF, Vasconcelos VL, Bendati MMA. Pesquisa exploratória de rotavirus e gastroenterite aguda no Brasil. Jomal de Antibioticoterapia 1:1-3, 1984.
6. Davidson GP, Townley RRW, Bishop RF, Holmes IH, Ruck BJ. Importance of a new virus in acute sporadic enteritis in children. The Lancet 1:242- 245, 1975.
7. Esparza J, Torres BV, Pinero A, Carmona FO, Ilja RM. Rotaviruses in Venezuelan children with gastroenteritis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 26:148-151, 1977.
8. EvansDG, OlarteJ, Dupont HL, Evans DJ, Galindo E, Portnoy BL, Conklin RH. Enteropathogens associated with pediatric diarrhoea in Mexico city. Journal of Pediatrics 91:65-68, 1977.
9. Guerrant RL, Dirchoff LV, Shields DS, Nations MK, Leslie J, Souza MA, Araujo JG, Correia LL, Saner KT, Mc Clelland KE, Towbridge FL, Hughes JM. Prospective study of diarrhoeae illness in northeastern Brazil: patterns of disease, nutritional infanct, etiologies, and risk factors. Journal of Infections Diseases 148:986-997, 1983.
10. Houly CAP, Uchoa MMM, Zaidan AME, Gomes- Neto A, De-Oliveira FM, Athayde MAG, Almeida MFLM, Pereira HG. Electrophoretic study of the genome of human rotavirus from Maceió, Brazil. Brazilian J oumal of Medical and Biological Research 19:33-37, 1986.
11. Kapikian AZ, Kim HW, Wyatt RG, Gline WL, Arrobio JO, Brandt CD, Rodriguez WJ, Sack DA, Chanock RM, Parrortt RH. Human reovirus-like agent as the major pathogen associated with "winter" gastroenteritis in hospitalized infants and young children. The New England Journal of Medicine 294:965-972, 1976.
12. Konno T, Suzuki H, Imai H, Kutsuzawa T, Ighida N, Katsushima N, Sakamoto M, Kitaoka S, Tsuboi R, Adachi M. A long term survey of rotavirus infection in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 138:569-576, 1978.
13. LaemmliOK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage TS. Nature 227:680-685, 1970.
14. Lee FJE, Mindorff CM, Gold R, Petrie M. The incidence of viral associated diarrhoeae after admission to a pediatric hospital. American Journal of Epidemiology 131:711-718, 1990.
15. Linhares AC, Melo VR, Mascarenhas JDP, Gabbay YB, Freitas RB. Pattern of acquisition of rotavirus antibody in children followed up from birth to the age of three years. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 22:25-29, 1989.
16. Linhares AC, Monção HC, Gabbay YB, Araújo VLC, Serruya AC, Loureiro ECB. Acute diarrhoea associated with rotavirus among children living in Belém, Brazil. Transations of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77:384-390,1983.
17. Lourenco MH, Nicolas JC, Cotren J, Scherr R, Bricout F. Study of human rotavirus genome by electrophoresis: attempt of classification among strains isolated in France. Annals of Virology (Instituto Pasteur) 132:161-173, 1981.
18. Mclean M, Brennan R, Hughes JM, Korzeniowski OM, Souza MA, Araujo JG, BenevidesTM, Guerrant RL. Etiologia de la diarrea infantil y terapia de rehidratacion oral en el nordeste do Brasil. Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana 92:405-417, 1982.
19. Moe K, Harper GJ. The effect of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of bovine rotavirus in aerosol. Archives of Virology 76:211-216,1983.
20. Moe K, Shirley JA. The effects of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of human rotavirus in faeces. Archives of Virology 72:179-186, 1982.
21. Pereira HG, Azeredo RS, Leite JPG, Andrade ZP, Castro LA. A combined enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus (EIARA). Journal of Virological Methods 10:21-28, 1985.
22. Pereira HG, Azeredo RS, Leite JPG, Candeias J AN, Racz ML, Linhares AC, Gabbay YR, Trabulsi JR. Electrophoretic study of genome of human rotaviruses from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Para, Brazil. Journal of Hygiene 90:117-125,1983.
23. Ringenbergs ML, Davidson GP, Spence J, Morris S. Prospective study of nosocomial rotavirus infection in a pediatric hospital. Australia Pediatric Journal 25:156-160, 1989.
24. Rodger SM, Bishop RF, Birch C, Mclean B, Holmes IH. Molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus in Melborne, Australia, from 1973 to 1979, as determined by eletrophoresis ofgenomeribonucleic acid. Journal ofClinical Microbiology 13:272-278, 1981.
25. Soenarto Y, Sebodo T, Ridho R, Alrasjid H, Rohde JE, Bugg HC, Barnes GL, Bishop RF. Acute diarrhoea and rotavirus infection in newborn babies and children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from June 1978 to June 1979. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 14:123-129, 1981.
26. Soenarto Y, Sebodo T, Suryantoro P, Krisnomurti, Haksohusodo S, Ilyas, Kusniyo, Ristanto, Romas MA, Noerhajati, Muswiroh S, Rohde JE, Ryan NJ, Luke RKJ, Bomes GL, Bishop RF. Bacteria, parasitic agents and rotaviruses associated with acute diarrhoea inhospital inpatient Indonesian children. Transations of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77:724-730, 1983.
27. Spencer E, Avendano F, Araya M. Caracteristics and analysis of electropherotypes of human rotavirus isolated in Chile. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 148:41-48, 1983.
28. Spencer EG, Avendano LF, García Bl. Analysis of human rotavirus mixed electropherotypes. Infectio,- and Immunity 39:569-574, 1983.
29. Spencer HC,Wells JG, Gary W, Sondy J, Puhr ND, Feldman RA. Diarrhea in a non-hospitalized rural Salvadoran population: the role of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 29:246-253, 1980.
30. Steinmann J. Detection of rotavirus in sewage. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 41:1043- 1045, 1981.
31. Suzuki H, Amano Y, Kinebuchi H, Vera EG, Davila A, Lopez J, Gustabo R, KonnoT, Ishida N. Rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Equador. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 30:293-294, 1981.
32. Torres BV, Ilja RM, Esparza J. Epidemiological aspects of rotavirus infection in hospitalized Venezuelan children with gastroenteritis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 27:567-572, 1978.
33. White L, Perez 1, Perez M, Urbina G, Greenberg H, Kapikian AZ, Flores G. Relative frequency of rotavirus subgroups I and 11 in Venezuelan children with gastroenteritis as assayed with monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 19:516- 520, 1984.
34. Yolken RH, Wyatt RG, Mata L, Uirutk JI, Garcia B, Chanock RM, Kapikian AZ. Secretory antibody directed against rotavirus in human milk: measurement by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay. Journal of Pediatrics 93:916-921, 1978.

Endereço para correspondência:

Dr. José Marcus Sócrates Teixeira

Núcleo de Virologia

Instituto de Saúde do Distrito Federal

SGAN 601 lotes O/P

70830

Brasília, DF.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
23 Abr 2013
Data do Fascículo
Dez 1991

Histórico

Recebido
19 Ago 1991
Aceito
19 Ago 1991

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Azeredo RS, de Farias V, Leite JPG, Pereira HG, Schatzmayr HG, Suttmoller F, Vidal MNP, Torós M, Solberg P. Agentes virais associados a gastroenterites infantis no Rio de Janeiro. Boletim Epidemiológico XV:7-8, 1983.

[2] 2. Boulikas T, Hancock R. A highly sensitive technique for stainning DNA and RNA in polyacrylamide gels using silver. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 5:219-228, 1981.

[3] 3. Cardoso DDP, Brito WMED, Martins RMB, Kitajima EW, Souza MPM, Barbosa AJ, Oliveira SA, Rascopi SB. Ocorrência de rotavirus e adenovirus em amostras fecais de crianças com gastrenterite, na cidade de Goiânia. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 22:67- 71, 1989.

[4] 4. Carr ME, Donald G, McKendrick W, Spyridakis T. The clinical features of infantile gastroenteritis due to rotavirus. Scandinavian Journal of Infections Diseases 8:241-243, 1976.

[5] 5. Coiro JRR, Almeida Neto AJ, Heuser MCF, Vasconcelos VL, Bendati MMA. Pesquisa exploratória de rotavirus e gastroenterite aguda no Brasil. Jomal de Antibioticoterapia 1:1-3, 1984.

[6] 6. Davidson GP, Townley RRW, Bishop RF, Holmes IH, Ruck BJ. Importance of a new virus in acute sporadic enteritis in children. The Lancet 1:242- 245, 1975.

[7] 7. Esparza J, Torres BV, Pinero A, Carmona FO, Ilja RM. Rotaviruses in Venezuelan children with gastroenteritis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 26:148-151, 1977.

[8] 8. EvansDG, OlarteJ, Dupont HL, Evans DJ, Galindo E, Portnoy BL, Conklin RH. Enteropathogens associated with pediatric diarrhoea in Mexico city. Journal of Pediatrics 91:65-68, 1977.

[9] 9. Guerrant RL, Dirchoff LV, Shields DS, Nations MK, Leslie J, Souza MA, Araujo JG, Correia LL, Saner KT, Mc Clelland KE, Towbridge FL, Hughes JM. Prospective study of diarrhoeae illness in northeastern Brazil: patterns of disease, nutritional infanct, etiologies, and risk factors. Journal of Infections Diseases 148:986-997, 1983.

[10] 10. Houly CAP, Uchoa MMM, Zaidan AME, Gomes- Neto A, De-Oliveira FM, Athayde MAG, Almeida MFLM, Pereira HG. Electrophoretic study of the genome of human rotavirus from Maceió, Brazil. Brazilian J oumal of Medical and Biological Research 19:33-37, 1986.

[11] 11. Kapikian AZ, Kim HW, Wyatt RG, Gline WL, Arrobio JO, Brandt CD, Rodriguez WJ, Sack DA, Chanock RM, Parrortt RH. Human reovirus-like agent as the major pathogen associated with "winter" gastroenteritis in hospitalized infants and young children. The New England Journal of Medicine 294:965-972, 1976.

[12] 12. Konno T, Suzuki H, Imai H, Kutsuzawa T, Ighida N, Katsushima N, Sakamoto M, Kitaoka S, Tsuboi R, Adachi M. A long term survey of rotavirus infection in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 138:569-576, 1978.

[13] 13. LaemmliOK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage TS. Nature 227:680-685, 1970.

[14] 14. Lee FJE, Mindorff CM, Gold R, Petrie M. The incidence of viral associated diarrhoeae after admission to a pediatric hospital. American Journal of Epidemiology 131:711-718, 1990.

[15] 15. Linhares AC, Melo VR, Mascarenhas JDP, Gabbay YB, Freitas RB. Pattern of acquisition of rotavirus antibody in children followed up from birth to the age of three years. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 22:25-29, 1989.

[16] 16. Linhares AC, Monção HC, Gabbay YB, Araújo VLC, Serruya AC, Loureiro ECB. Acute diarrhoea associated with rotavirus among children living in Belém, Brazil. Transations of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77:384-390,1983.

[17] 17. Lourenco MH, Nicolas JC, Cotren J, Scherr R, Bricout F. Study of human rotavirus genome by electrophoresis: attempt of classification among strains isolated in France. Annals of Virology (Instituto Pasteur) 132:161-173, 1981.

[18] 18. Mclean M, Brennan R, Hughes JM, Korzeniowski OM, Souza MA, Araujo JG, BenevidesTM, Guerrant RL. Etiologia de la diarrea infantil y terapia de rehidratacion oral en el nordeste do Brasil. Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana 92:405-417, 1982.

[19] 19. Moe K, Harper GJ. The effect of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of bovine rotavirus in aerosol. Archives of Virology 76:211-216,1983.

[20] 20. Moe K, Shirley JA. The effects of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of human rotavirus in faeces. Archives of Virology 72:179-186, 1982.

[21] 21. Pereira HG, Azeredo RS, Leite JPG, Andrade ZP, Castro LA. A combined enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus (EIARA). Journal of Virological Methods 10:21-28, 1985.

[22] 22. Pereira HG, Azeredo RS, Leite JPG, Candeias J AN, Racz ML, Linhares AC, Gabbay YR, Trabulsi JR. Electrophoretic study of genome of human rotaviruses from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Para, Brazil. Journal of Hygiene 90:117-125,1983.

[23] 23. Ringenbergs ML, Davidson GP, Spence J, Morris S. Prospective study of nosocomial rotavirus infection in a pediatric hospital. Australia Pediatric Journal 25:156-160, 1989.

[24] 24. Rodger SM, Bishop RF, Birch C, Mclean B, Holmes IH. Molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus in Melborne, Australia, from 1973 to 1979, as determined by eletrophoresis ofgenomeribonucleic acid. Journal ofClinical Microbiology 13:272-278, 1981.

[25] 25. Soenarto Y, Sebodo T, Ridho R, Alrasjid H, Rohde JE, Bugg HC, Barnes GL, Bishop RF. Acute diarrhoea and rotavirus infection in newborn babies and children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from June 1978 to June 1979. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 14:123-129, 1981.

[26] 26. Soenarto Y, Sebodo T, Suryantoro P, Krisnomurti, Haksohusodo S, Ilyas, Kusniyo, Ristanto, Romas MA, Noerhajati, Muswiroh S, Rohde JE, Ryan NJ, Luke RKJ, Bomes GL, Bishop RF. Bacteria, parasitic agents and rotaviruses associated with acute diarrhoea inhospital inpatient Indonesian children. Transations of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77:724-730, 1983.

[27] 27. Spencer E, Avendano F, Araya M. Caracteristics and analysis of electropherotypes of human rotavirus isolated in Chile. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 148:41-48, 1983.

[28] 28. Spencer EG, Avendano LF, García Bl. Analysis of human rotavirus mixed electropherotypes. Infectio,- and Immunity 39:569-574, 1983.

[29] 29. Spencer HC,Wells JG, Gary W, Sondy J, Puhr ND, Feldman RA. Diarrhea in a non-hospitalized rural Salvadoran population: the role of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 29:246-253, 1980.

[30] 30. Steinmann J. Detection of rotavirus in sewage. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 41:1043- 1045, 1981.

[31] 31. Suzuki H, Amano Y, Kinebuchi H, Vera EG, Davila A, Lopez J, Gustabo R, KonnoT, Ishida N. Rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Equador. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 30:293-294, 1981.

[32] 32. Torres BV, Ilja RM, Esparza J. Epidemiological aspects of rotavirus infection in hospitalized Venezuelan children with gastroenteritis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 27:567-572, 1978.

[33] 33. White L, Perez 1, Perez M, Urbina G, Greenberg H, Kapikian AZ, Flores G. Relative frequency of rotavirus subgroups I and 11 in Venezuelan children with gastroenteritis as assayed with monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 19:516- 520, 1984.

[34] 34. Yolken RH, Wyatt RG, Mata L, Uirutk JI, Garcia B, Chanock RM, Kapikian AZ. Secretory antibody directed against rotavirus in human milk: measurement by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay. Journal of Pediatrics 93:916-921, 1978.