Cardiovascular risks in adolescents with different degrees of obesity

Torres, Kerginaldo Paulo; Torres, Samara Gomes; Guerra, Ricardo Oliveira

doi:10.1590/S0066-782X2011001100013

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

^IUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil

^IIUniversidade Potiguar, Natal, RN, Brasil

Mailing address

Keywords: Obesity; adolescent; risk factors; metabolic syndrome; body nass index.

The study "Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents with Different Degrees of Obesity" developed by Lavrador et al¹, showed associations between the degree of obesity and the variables HDL-Cholesterol, Blood Pressure and Triglycerides, without distinguishing whether the association with blood pressure was verified with both systolic and diastolic pressures, a fact that is considered noteworthy, as several studies in the literature^2-5 have shown that although the systolic and diastolic BP are increased, the association with excess weight has been observed only or more intensely with the systolic blood pressure. We are interested in the subject, as we are currently conducting in Natal (RN) a project that studies Overweight/Obesity and its association with the other cardiovascular risk factors in Natal, RN, aiming at identifying the prevalence of the different cardiovascular risk factors and the association with overweight and obesity. Our study, at the multiple logistic regression for the association between overweight/obesity with other cardiovascular risk factors, found an association between overweight/obesity with family income, systolic blood pressure, family history of hypertension, family history of obesity, elevated levels of triglycerides and HOMA IR, with no association with diastolic pressure. We also observed that older age and increased HDL cholesterol levels are protective factors in relation to overweight/obesity.

Reply

The objective of the study "Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents with Different Degrees of Obesity" was to verify the presence of metabolic and blood pressure alterations and their association with the degree of obesity. This set of clinical situations defines the metabolic syndrome, which is related with a higher risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases¹. In spite of the broad variability observed regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents due to the different diagnostic criteria used, it can be observed that it has been growing concomitantly with the increase of obesity in these age ranges^2,3.

Our study used diagnostic criteria for arterial hypertension that are well-established in the literature^4,5, and the bivariate analysis showed significant differences between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure means, when comparing groups of adolescents with higher and lower degrees of obesity.

The associations with a family history of obesity and hypertension and with family income were not the objective of this study, but they have been published in other studies developed by the group with the same population of post-pubertal adolescents from public schools, including overweight and obese adolescents^6-8.

Sincerely,

Dr. Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador

References

Referências (Resposta)

1. Lavrador MSF, Abbes PT, Escrivão MA, Tadder JA. Riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes com diferentes graus de obesidade. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;96(3):205-11.
2. Torres MD, Tormo MA, Campillo C, Carmona MI, Torres M, Reymundo M, et al. Factores etiológicos y de riesgo cardiovascular en niños extremeños con obesidad. Su relación con la resistencia a la insulina y la concentración plasmática de adipocitocinas. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2008;61(9):923-9.
3. Ribeiro RQ, Lotufo PA, Lamounier JA, Oliveira RG, Soares JF, Botter DA. Fatores adicionais de risco cardiovascular associados ao excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes: o estudo do coração de Belo Horizonte. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2006;86(6):408-18.
4. Garcia FD, Terra AF, Queiroz AM, Correia CA, Ramos SR, Ferreira QT, et al. Avaliação de fatores de risco associados com elevação da pressão arterial em crianças. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(1):29-34.
5. Muntner P, He J, Cutler JA, Wildman RP, Whelton PK. Trends in blood pressure among children and adolescents. JAMA. 2004;291(17):2107-13.
1. Lavrador MSF, Abbes PT, Escrivão MA, Tadder JA. Riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes com diferentes graus de obesidade. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;96(3):205-11.
2. Csábi G, Török K, Jeges S, Molnár D. Presence of metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in obese children. Eur J Pediatr. 2000;159(1-2):91-4.
3. Lee S, Bacha F, Gungor N, Arslanian S. Comparison of different definitions of pediatric metabolic syndrome: relation to abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, adiponectin, and inflammatory biomarkers. J Pediatr. 2008;152(2):177-84.
4. Cavali MdeL, Escrivão MA, Brasileiro RS, Taddei JA. Metabolic syndrome: comparison of diagnosis criteria. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(4):325-30.
5. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114 (2 Suppl 4):555-76.
6. Vieira MLC, Sproesser A J. Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. V Diretrizes brasileiras de hipertensão arterial. Arq Bras Cardiol.2005;89(3):e24-e79.
7. Silveira D, Taddei JA, Escrivão MA, Oliveira FL, Ancona-Lopez F. Risk factors for overweight among Brazilian adolescents of low-income families: a case-control study. Public Health Nutr 2006;9(4):421-8.
8. Cobayashi F, Oliveira FL, Escrivão MA, Daniela S, Taddei JA. Obesidade e fatores de riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes de escolas públicas. Arq Bras Cardiol 2010;95(2):200-5.

Cardiovascular risks in adolescents with different degrees of obesity

Kerginaldo Paulo Torres^I; Samara Gomes Torres^II; Ricardo Oliveira Guerra^I

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
04 Oct 2011
Date of issue
Aug 2011

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Lavrador MSF, Abbes PT, Escrivão MA, Tadder JA. Riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes com diferentes graus de obesidade. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;96(3):205-11.

[2] 2. Torres MD, Tormo MA, Campillo C, Carmona MI, Torres M, Reymundo M, et al. Factores etiológicos y de riesgo cardiovascular en niños extremeños con obesidad. Su relación con la resistencia a la insulina y la concentración plasmática de adipocitocinas. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2008;61(9):923-9.

[3] 3. Ribeiro RQ, Lotufo PA, Lamounier JA, Oliveira RG, Soares JF, Botter DA. Fatores adicionais de risco cardiovascular associados ao excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes: o estudo do coração de Belo Horizonte. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2006;86(6):408-18.

[4] 4. Garcia FD, Terra AF, Queiroz AM, Correia CA, Ramos SR, Ferreira QT, et al. Avaliação de fatores de risco associados com elevação da pressão arterial em crianças. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(1):29-34.

[5] 5. Muntner P, He J, Cutler JA, Wildman RP, Whelton PK. Trends in blood pressure among children and adolescents. JAMA. 2004;291(17):2107-13.

[6] 1. Lavrador MSF, Abbes PT, Escrivão MA, Tadder JA. Riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes com diferentes graus de obesidade. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;96(3):205-11.

[7] 2. Csábi G, Török K, Jeges S, Molnár D. Presence of metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in obese children. Eur J Pediatr. 2000;159(1-2):91-4.

[8] 3. Lee S, Bacha F, Gungor N, Arslanian S. Comparison of different definitions of pediatric metabolic syndrome: relation to abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, adiponectin, and inflammatory biomarkers. J Pediatr. 2008;152(2):177-84.

[9] 4. Cavali MdeL, Escrivão MA, Brasileiro RS, Taddei JA. Metabolic syndrome: comparison of diagnosis criteria. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(4):325-30.

[10] 5. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114 (2 Suppl 4):555-76.

[11] 6. Vieira MLC, Sproesser A J. Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. V Diretrizes brasileiras de hipertensão arterial. Arq Bras Cardiol.2005;89(3):e24-e79.

[12] 7. Silveira D, Taddei JA, Escrivão MA, Oliveira FL, Ancona-Lopez F. Risk factors for overweight among Brazilian adolescents of low-income families: a case-control study. Public Health Nutr 2006;9(4):421-8.

[13] 8. Cobayashi F, Oliveira FL, Escrivão MA, Daniela S, Taddei JA. Obesidade e fatores de riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes de escolas públicas. Arq Bras Cardiol 2010;95(2):200-5.