Efeitos do enxofre e do boro e da inoculação em alfafa (Medicago sativa L.)

Malavolta, E.; Coury, T.; Galli, F.; Silva, J. Gomes da

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761953000100004

Resumo

This paper deals with the results of a pot and plot experiment which was carried out to determine the influence of sulphur and boron and the effect seed inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti in the yield of alfafa. Sulphur was applied as flower of sulphur at the rates of 1,000 and 2,000 kg por hectare; boron was employed in the proportion of 15 kg of borax per hectare; both sulphur and boron were distributed broadcast before planting; the experimental design chosen for the field trial was a latin square of 6 x 6 with the following treatments: Number Treatment 1 Control 2 One dosis S + inoculation 3 Two dosis S +inoculation 4 One dosis S + B + inoculation 5 B + inoculation 6 inoculation The crop supplied four cuttings in an eleven months period. The pot experiment nearly confirmed the plot one. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The classification of treatments in a decrescent order was: l.o - two doses S + inoculation; 2.o - one dosis S +inoculation, S + B + inoculation, and B + inoculation (these treatmente were not statistically different); 3.o - control; 4.o - inoculation; 2 The vield due to the treatment two dosis S + inoculation was 22 per cent higher than the control one, a fact that suggests that the S supply in the soil studied ("terra roxa misturada") is not sufficient for the total requirements of alfafa; 3. From an economical point of view the best treatment was: one dosis B + inoculation which permits a net gain of Cr$ 12.527,30 per hectare per year; 4. Based on the mentioned results we recommend in soils of same type the following fertilization for alfafa. 5 tons limestone/hectare 300 kg serranafosfato and 600 kg hiperfosfato/ha 300 kg muriate of potash/ha 15 kg borax/ha and a medium organic manuring if the soil is very poor in organic matter.

^ILivres Docentes e Assistentes de Química Agrícola, E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz" - U. S. P

^IIAssistente de Fitopatologia e Microbiologia Agrícola, E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz", U. S. P

^IIISecção de Cereais e Leguminosas, Instituto Agronômico do E. S. Paulo, Campinas

SUMMARY

This paper deals with the results of a pot and plot experiment which was carried out to determine the influence of sulphur and boron and the effect seed inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti in the yield of alfafa. Sulphur was applied as flower of sulphur at the rates of 1,000 and 2,000 kg por hectare; boron was employed in the proportion of 15 kg of borax per hectare; both sulphur and boron were distributed broadcast before planting; the experimental design chosen for the field trial was a latin square of 6 x 6 with the following treatments:

Number Treatment

1 Control

2 One dosis S + inoculation

3 Two dosis S +inoculation

4 One dosis S + B + inoculation

5 B + inoculation

6 inoculation

The crop supplied four cuttings in an eleven months period. The pot experiment nearly confirmed the plot one. The following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The classification of treatments in a decrescent order was: l.o - two doses S + inoculation; 2.o - one dosis S +inoculation, S + B + inoculation, and B + inoculation (these treatmente were not statistically different); 3.o - control; 4.o - inoculation;

2 The vield due to the treatment two dosis S + inoculation was 22 per cent higher than the control one, a fact that suggests that the S supply in the soil studied ("terra roxa misturada") is not sufficient for the total requirements of alfafa;

3. From an economical point of view the best treatment was: one dosis B + inoculation which permits a net gain of Cr$ 12.527,30 per hectare per year;

4. Based on the mentioned results we recommend in soils of same type the following fertilization for alfafa.

5 tons limestone/hectare

300 kg serranafosfato and 600 kg hiperfosfato/ha

300 kg muriate of potash/ha

15 kg borax/ha

and a medium organic manuring if the soil is very poor in organic matter.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Tese aprovada no 10.o Congresso Brasileiro de Química, realizado em julho de 1952, no Rio de Janeiro

ADAMS, H. R. 1924 - Some effects of sulphur on crops and soils. Soil Sci. 18:111.
AHLGREN, G. H., H. B. Sprague and F. E. Bear. 1945 - Growing alfalfa in New Jersey. New Jersey Sta. Bul. 718.
ANÔNIMO. 1919-20 - Oregon soil investigations 1918-1920. Oregon Sta., Soil Insvest. Bien. Rpt. 1919-20.
ANÔNIMO. 1921-22. - Soil fertility investigations (at the Oregon Station). Oregon Sta. Bien. Rept. 1921-22.
ANÔNIMO. 1925 - Soil studies at the Iowa Station. Iowa Sta. Rpt. 1925: 16.
ANÔNIMO. 1925 - Effect of sulphur on alfalfa and clover. Montana Sta. Rpt. 1925: 24.
AVERNA-SACCÁ, Rosário e E. Malavolta. 1950 - Absorção de enxofre orgânico pelo tomateiro. Esc. Sup. Agr. "Luiz de Queiroz" (Piracicaba) Bol. n. 6.
BAUR, Karl, Glenn A. Huber and L. C. Wheeting. 1941 - Boron deficiency of alfalfa in western Washington. Wash. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 39: 5.
BROWN, G. G. 1917 - Alfalfa fertilizers. Oregon Sta. Bul. 141: 55.
BROWN, B. A. and Allan King. 1939 - Soil conditions under which alfalfa responded to boron. Soil Sci. Soc. Am, Proc. 4: 310.
BRUCE, O. C. 1925 - The relation of sulphur to alfalfa production. Jour. Agr. Res. 30: 937.
DENNIS, R. W. G. 1937 - A review of developments in the applications of boron in agriculture and horticulture. Fertil., feedingst. and farm. supp. J., Sept. 8, 12, Oct. 6,20.
DUNKLEE, D. E. and A. R. Midgley. 1943 - Need and use of boron for alfalfa. Vermont Sta. Bul. 501.
ERDMAN, L. W. 1923 - The effect of gypsum on Iowa soils. Soil Sci. 15: 137.
GRIZZARD, A. L. and E. M. Matthews. 1947 - The effect of boron on seed production of alfalfa. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34: 365.
HADDOCK, J. L. and S. C. Vandecaveye. 1946 - Yield and chemical composition of alfalfa on two western Washington soil types. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 10: 129.
HOAGLAND, D. R. 1944 - Lectures on the inorganic nutrition of plants. Chronica Botanica, Walthan, Mass.
HUTCHESON, T. B. and R. P. Cocke. 1941 - Effects of boron on yield and duration of alfalfa. Virginia Polytech. Insti. Blacksburg) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 336: 1.
LIPMAN, J. G. 1911 - Suggestions concerning the terminology of soil bacteria. Bot. Gaz. 51: 454.
MALAVOLTA, Eurípedes. 1950 - Estudos sobre o enxofre Tese. (Piracicaba).
MC LARTY, H. R., J. G. Wilcox and C. G. Woodbridge. 1937 - Yellowing of alfalfa due to boron deficiency. Sci. Agr. 17: 515.
NEIDIG, R. E., G. R. Mc Dole and H. P. Magnuson. 1923 - Effect of sulphur, calcium, and phosphorus on the yield and composition of alfalfa on six types of Idaho soils. Soil Sci. 16: 127.
NELLER, J. R. 1925 - The influence of sulphur and gypsum upon the composition and yield of legumes. Washington Col. Sta. Bul. 190: 5.
OLSON, G. A. and J. L. St. John. 1921 - An investigation of sulphur as a plant food. Washington Sta. Bul. 165.
PILLAND, J. R., C. F. Ireland and H. M. Reisenauer. 1944 - The importance of borax in legume seed production in the south. Soil Sci. 57: 75.
POWERS, W. L. 1923 - Sulphur in relation to soil fertility. Oregon Sta. Bul. 199: 5.
POWERS, W. L. 1927 - Studies of sulphur in relation to the soil solution. Calif Univ. Pubs. Agr. Sci. 5: 119.
POWERS, W. L. 1930 - The role of suphur in plant nutrition. J. Am. Soc. Agron. April 1930. (Abs. in Oregon Sta. Biem Rpt. 1929-30: 46).
REIMER, F. C. 1914 - Sulphur as fertilizer for alfalfa. Pacific Rural Press 87 : 717.
REIMER, F. C. and H. V. Tartar. 1919 - Sulphur as a fertilizer for alfalfa in Southern Oregon. Oregon Sta. Bul. 165: 5.
RODRIGUES de Carvalho, M. J. 1946 - A estatística na experimentação agrícola. Livraria Sá da Costa, Lisbôa.
SCRIPTURE, P. N. and G. S. Mc Hargue. 1945 - Boron supply in relation to carbohydrate metabolism and distribution in the radish. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 37: 360.
SHEDD, O. M. 1917 - Effect of sulphur on different orops and soils. U. S. Dept. Agr. Jour. Agr. Res. 11: 91.
SOMMER, A. L. and C. B. Lipman. 1926 - Evidence on the indispensable nature of zinc and boron for higher green plants. Plant Physiol. 1: 231.
ST. JOHN, J. L. 1923 - Sulphur as a plant food. Washington Col. Sta. Bul. 180: 18.
STILES, Walter. 1936 - An introduction to the principles of plant physiology. Methen and Co. Ltd. London.
TOEVS, John L. and G. Orien Baker. 1939 - Progress report of phosphate and other fertilizer investigations at the Aberdeen Branch Experiment Station, University of Idaho. Idaho Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 230: 3.
WAKSMAN, Selman A. 1927 - Principles of soil microbiology. The Williams and Wilking Co., Baltimore.
WARINGTON, Katherine. 1923 - The effect of boric acid and borax on the broad bean and certain other plants. Ann. Bot. 27: 630.
WASHKO, John B. 1943 - Influence of borax and potash on alfalfa leaf yellows. Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 83.

**Efeitos do enxofre e do boro e da inoculação em alfafa (Medicago sativa L.)**

E. Malavolta T. Coury^I; F. Galli^II; J. Gomes da Silva^III

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
05 Nov 2012
Data do Fascículo
1953

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ADAMS, H. R. 1924 - Some effects of sulphur on crops and soils. Soil Sci. 18:111.

[2] AHLGREN, G. H., H. B. Sprague and F. E. Bear. 1945 - Growing alfalfa in New Jersey. New Jersey Sta. Bul. 718.

[3] ANÔNIMO. 1919-20 - Oregon soil investigations 1918-1920. Oregon Sta., Soil Insvest. Bien. Rpt. 1919-20.

[4] ANÔNIMO. 1921-22. - Soil fertility investigations (at the Oregon Station). Oregon Sta. Bien. Rept. 1921-22.

[5] ANÔNIMO. 1925 - Soil studies at the Iowa Station. Iowa Sta. Rpt. 1925: 16.

[6] ANÔNIMO. 1925 - Effect of sulphur on alfalfa and clover. Montana Sta. Rpt. 1925: 24.

[7] AVERNA-SACCÁ, Rosário e E. Malavolta. 1950 - Absorção de enxofre orgânico pelo tomateiro. Esc. Sup. Agr. "Luiz de Queiroz" (Piracicaba) Bol. n. 6.

[8] BAUR, Karl, Glenn A. Huber and L. C. Wheeting. 1941 - Boron deficiency of alfalfa in western Washington. Wash. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 39: 5.

[9] BROWN, G. G. 1917 - Alfalfa fertilizers. Oregon Sta. Bul. 141: 55.

[10] BROWN, B. A. and Allan King. 1939 - Soil conditions under which alfalfa responded to boron. Soil Sci. Soc. Am, Proc. 4: 310.

[11] BRUCE, O. C. 1925 - The relation of sulphur to alfalfa production. Jour. Agr. Res. 30: 937.

[12] DENNIS, R. W. G. 1937 - A review of developments in the applications of boron in agriculture and horticulture. Fertil., feedingst. and farm. supp. J., Sept. 8, 12, Oct. 6,20.

[13] DUNKLEE, D. E. and A. R. Midgley. 1943 - Need and use of boron for alfalfa. Vermont Sta. Bul. 501.

[14] ERDMAN, L. W. 1923 - The effect of gypsum on Iowa soils. Soil Sci. 15: 137.

[15] GRIZZARD, A. L. and E. M. Matthews. 1947 - The effect of boron on seed production of alfalfa. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34: 365.

[16] HADDOCK, J. L. and S. C. Vandecaveye. 1946 - Yield and chemical composition of alfalfa on two western Washington soil types. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 10: 129.

[17] HOAGLAND, D. R. 1944 - Lectures on the inorganic nutrition of plants. Chronica Botanica, Walthan, Mass.

[18] HUTCHESON, T. B. and R. P. Cocke. 1941 - Effects of boron on yield and duration of alfalfa. Virginia Polytech. Insti. Blacksburg) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 336: 1.

[19] LIPMAN, J. G. 1911 - Suggestions concerning the terminology of soil bacteria. Bot. Gaz. 51: 454.

[20] MALAVOLTA, Eurípedes. 1950 - Estudos sobre o enxofre Tese. (Piracicaba).

[21] MC LARTY, H. R., J. G. Wilcox and C. G. Woodbridge. 1937 - Yellowing of alfalfa due to boron deficiency. Sci. Agr. 17: 515.

[22] NEIDIG, R. E., G. R. Mc Dole and H. P. Magnuson. 1923 - Effect of sulphur, calcium, and phosphorus on the yield and composition of alfalfa on six types of Idaho soils. Soil Sci. 16: 127.

[23] NELLER, J. R. 1925 - The influence of sulphur and gypsum upon the composition and yield of legumes. Washington Col. Sta. Bul. 190: 5.

[24] OLSON, G. A. and J. L. St. John. 1921 - An investigation of sulphur as a plant food. Washington Sta. Bul. 165.

[25] PILLAND, J. R., C. F. Ireland and H. M. Reisenauer. 1944 - The importance of borax in legume seed production in the south. Soil Sci. 57: 75.

[26] POWERS, W. L. 1923 - Sulphur in relation to soil fertility. Oregon Sta. Bul. 199: 5.

[27] POWERS, W. L. 1927 - Studies of sulphur in relation to the soil solution. Calif Univ. Pubs. Agr. Sci. 5: 119.

[28] POWERS, W. L. 1930 - The role of suphur in plant nutrition. J. Am. Soc. Agron. April 1930. (Abs. in Oregon Sta. Biem Rpt. 1929-30: 46).

[29] REIMER, F. C. 1914 - Sulphur as fertilizer for alfalfa. Pacific Rural Press 87 : 717.

[30] REIMER, F. C. and H. V. Tartar. 1919 - Sulphur as a fertilizer for alfalfa in Southern Oregon. Oregon Sta. Bul. 165: 5.

[31] RODRIGUES de Carvalho, M. J. 1946 - A estatística na experimentação agrícola. Livraria Sá da Costa, Lisbôa.

[32] SCRIPTURE, P. N. and G. S. Mc Hargue. 1945 - Boron supply in relation to carbohydrate metabolism and distribution in the radish. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 37: 360.

[33] SHEDD, O. M. 1917 - Effect of sulphur on different orops and soils. U. S. Dept. Agr. Jour. Agr. Res. 11: 91.

[34] SOMMER, A. L. and C. B. Lipman. 1926 - Evidence on the indispensable nature of zinc and boron for higher green plants. Plant Physiol. 1: 231.

[35] ST. JOHN, J. L. 1923 - Sulphur as a plant food. Washington Col. Sta. Bul. 180: 18.

[36] STILES, Walter. 1936 - An introduction to the principles of plant physiology. Methen and Co. Ltd. London.

[37] TOEVS, John L. and G. Orien Baker. 1939 - Progress report of phosphate and other fertilizer investigations at the Aberdeen Branch Experiment Station, University of Idaho. Idaho Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 230: 3.

[38] WAKSMAN, Selman A. 1927 - Principles of soil microbiology. The Williams and Wilking Co., Baltimore.

[39] WARINGTON, Katherine. 1923 - The effect of boric acid and borax on the broad bean and certain other plants. Ann. Bot. 27: 630.

[40] WASHKO, John B. 1943 - Influence of borax and potash on alfalfa leaf yellows. Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 83.