Ocorrência da podridão estilar em tomateiros (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sob o efeito de reguladores de crescimento

Castro, Paulo R. C.; Malavolta, Eurípedes

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761976000100014

Resumos

Estudaram-se em condições de casa de vegetação os efeitos da aplicação de reguladores de crescimento na ocorrência da podridão estilar nos frutos de tomateiro cultivar "Miguel Pereira". Observou-se que ácido giberélico na concentração de 100 ppm promoveu alta incidência da anomalia fisiológica em plantas tratadas com altas dosagens de sulfato de amônio. Sob as mesmas condições, tomateiros pulverizados com ácido succínico -2.2-dimetilhidrazida 4.000 ppm, cloreto de (2-cloroetil) trimetilamônio 2.000 ppm e ácido - 3 - indolacético 100 ppm, apresentaram baixa incidência de podridão estilar. Efetuaram-se determinações dos teores de N, R, K, Ca e Mg nas folhas, hastes e frutos dos tomateiros normais e daqueles mostrando a anomalia fisiológica. Realizaram-se análises químicas dos substratos de plantio e foi proposto um mecanismo da incidência da podridão estilar em tomateiros.

It was observed that gibberellic acid 100 ppm promotes high incidence of blossom-end rot when a high level of ammonium sulphate was used. Under the same conditions, treatments with succinic acid -2,2-dimcthylhydrazide 4,000 ppm, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride 2,000 ppm and indole-3-acetic acid 100 ppm, caused, low incidence of blossom-end rot. It was proposed a mechanism of blossom-end rot incidence in tomatoes.

Ocorrência da podridão estilar em tomateiros (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sob o efeito de reguladores de crescimento^* * Trabalho subvencionado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP); parte da Tese apresentada pelo primeiro autor para obtenção do título de Doutor pela U.S.P.

Occurrence of blossom-end rot in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under effect of growth regulators

Paulo R. C. Castro^I; Eurípedes Malavolta^II

^IDepartamento de Botânica. E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz" - U.S.P

^IIDepartamento de Química e CENA. E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz" - U.S.P

RESUMO

Estudaram-se em condições de casa de vegetação os efeitos da aplicação de reguladores de crescimento na ocorrência da podridão estilar nos frutos de tomateiro cultivar "Miguel Pereira". Observou-se que ácido giberélico na concentração de 100 ppm promoveu alta incidência da anomalia fisiológica em plantas tratadas com altas dosagens de sulfato de amônio. Sob as mesmas condições, tomateiros pulverizados com ácido succínico -2.2-dimetilhidrazida 4.000 ppm, cloreto de (2-cloroetil) trimetilamônio 2.000 ppm e ácido - 3 - indolacético 100 ppm, apresentaram baixa incidência de podridão estilar. Efetuaram-se determinações dos teores de N, R, K, Ca e Mg nas folhas, hastes e frutos dos tomateiros normais e daqueles mostrando a anomalia fisiológica. Realizaram-se análises químicas dos substratos de plantio e foi proposto um mecanismo da incidência da podridão estilar em tomateiros.

SUMMARY

It was observed that gibberellic acid 100 ppm promotes high incidence of blossom-end rot when a high level of ammonium sulphate was used. Under the same conditions, treatments with succinic acid -2,2-dimcthylhydrazide 4,000 ppm, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride 2,000 ppm and indole-3-acetic acid 100 ppm, caused, low incidence of blossom-end rot. It was proposed a mechanism of blossom-end rot incidence in tomatoes.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 17/8/1976.

OBS.: Considerar aspas duplas referentes às cultivares como sendo aspas simples

ANDERSEN, A.J. 1971. Influence of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition on uptake and distribution of strontium and calcium in oat plants. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35(1):108-111.
BATAL, K.M.; WEIGLE, J.L.; LERSTEN, N.R. 1972. Exogenous growth regulator effect on tomato fruit cracking and pericarp morphology. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97(4) : 529-531.
BROOKS C. 1914. Blossom-end rot of tomatoes. Phytopath. 4:345-373.
BRYAN, H.H.; READ, P.E. 1972. Effects of seedling applications of alar, cycocel and ethrel on graywall and tomato yield concentration. HortScience 7(3) : 326.
CASTRO, P.R.C. 1973. Efeito do CCC na podridão estilar de tomateiro do grupo Santa Cruz. Supl. Ciência e Cultura 25(6) : 319.
CASTRO, P.R.C. 1976 Efeitos de reguladores de crescimento em tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo. 148 p.
CASTRO, P.R.C; BALLESTERO, S.D. 1977. Efeitos de reguladores de crescimento na transpiração do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. 'Miguel Pereira'). Rev. de Agric. 52(2-3) :147-152.
CHEN, C.C. 1964. The absorption and mobility of root and foliar applied calcium, sulfur, zinc and iron by tomato seedlings as influenced by gibberellin treatments. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica 5: 17-25.
DECHEN, A.R.; OLIVEIRA, G.D.; HAAG, H.P. 1973. Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. XXIII. Influência do cálcio no desenvolvimento do tomateiro, variedade Santa Cruz, linhagem Kada e Samano. An. Esc. Sup. Agr. "Luiz de Queiroz" 30:305-315.
FAUST, M.; SHEAR, C.B. 1972. The effect of calcium on respiration of apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97(4):437-439.
GERALDSON, CM. 1957. Factors affecting calcium nutrition of celery, tomato and peppers. Proc. Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. 21:621-625.
GERARD, C.J.; HIPP, B.W. 1968. Blossom-end rot of 'Chico' and 'Chico Grande' tomatoes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 93:521-531.
GOODE, J.E.; INGRAM, J. 1971. The effect of irrigation on the growth, cropping and nutrition of Cox's orange pippin apple trees. J. Hort. Sci. 46: 195-208.
HOFF, J.E.; WILCOX, G.E.; JONES, CM. 1974 - The effect of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen on the free amino acid composition of tomato plants and tomato fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 99(1): 27-30.
HUANG, H.; HUNG, L. 1957 - The fruit quality of tomatoes as affected by para--clorophenoxyacetic acid (PCA) for increasing fruit set during cool seasons. Mem. Coll. Agric. Taiwan Univ. 4(4) :27-45.
JOHANSEN, S. 1954 - Effect of indole-acetic acid on stomata and photosynthesis. Physiol. Plant. 7:531.
KHARANYAN, N.N. 1967 - Effect of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammcnium chloride (CCC) on some characteristics of the water conditions in plants. Fiziologiya Rastenii 14(3): 548-551.
KNAVEL, D.E. 1969 - Influence of growth retardants on growth, nutrient content and yield of tomato plants grown at various fertility levels. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 94:32-35.
LEE, K.C. ; CAMPBELL, R.W.; PAULSEN, G.M. 1974 - Effects of drought stress and succinic acid -2,2- dimethylhydrazide treatment on water relations and photosynthesis in pea seedlings. Crop Science 14:279-282.
LIVNE, A. ; VAADIA, Y. 1965 - Stimulation of transpiration rate in barley leaves by kinetin and gibberellic acid. Physiol. Plant. 18:658-644.
LORD, W J. ; SOUTHWICK, F.W. ; DAMON, R.A. 1967 - The influence of N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid an flesh firmness and on some pre and post-harvest physiological disorders of "Delicious" apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 91:829-832.
MALAVOLTA, E.; CASTRO, P.R.C.; CRUZ, V.F.; YAMADA, T. 1975 - Calcium and its relationship to blossom-end rot in tomato. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6(3): 273-284.
MAYNARD, D.N.; BARHAM, W.S.; MC COMBS, C.L. 1957 - The effect of calcium nutrition of tomatoes as related to the incidence and severity of blossom-rot. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 69:318-322.
MC ALPINE, D. 1913 - The cause of bitter pit, its contributing factors. Melbourne, Progr. Rpt. Commonw. Australia 2:94-95.
PALZKILL, D.A.; TIBBITTS, T.W. 1975 - Control of calcium movement in cabbage by relative humidity and suggested relation to calcium-related disorders in plants. HortScience 10(3) :388.
RALEIGH, S.M.; CHUCKA, J.A. 1944 - Effect of nutrient ratio and concentration on growth and composition of tomato plants and the occurrence of blossom-end rot the fruit. Plant Physiol. 19:671-678.
REDMOND, W.J. 1975 - Transport of calcium in apple trees and its penetration into the fruit. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6(3) :261-272.
RESNIK, M.E. 1966 - Absorción, translocación e interacciones del potasio y el calcio en plantas decebada y poroto. Rev. Inv. Agr. 3(19):291-325.
ROBBINS, W.R. 1937 - Relation of nutrient salt concentration to growth of the tomato and to the incidence of blossom-end rot of the fruit. Plant Physiol. 12:21-50.
SHEAR, C.B. 1975a - Calcium nutrition and quality in fruit crops. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6(3) :233-244.
SHEAR, C.B. 1975b - Calcium-related disorders of fruits and vegetables. HortScience 10(4):361-365.
SINGH, K.; YOUNG, J.O. 1971b - Effect of 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride on growth behavior and transpiration related to tomato fruit cracking. T. Nkvv. Res. J. 5(1) :22-27.
STÖSSER, R. 1970 - Translokation and Verteilung von ⁴⁵Calcium und Phosphor bei Früchten von Rrutins avium L. in Beziehung zum Fruchtfall. Angew. Botanik 44: 153-165.
WEDGEWORTH, H.H.; NEAL, D.C.; WALLACE, J.M. 1927 - Wilt and blossom-end rot of tomato. Mississippi Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 247.
WIENEKE, J.; BIDDULPH, O.; WOODBRIDGE, C.G. 1971 - Influence of growth regulating substances on absorption and translocation of calcium in pea and bean. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 96(6) :721-724.
WIERSUM, L.K. 1966a. - The calcium supply of fruits and storage tissues in relation to water transport. Acta Hort. Int. Soc. Hort. Sci. 4:33-38.
WIERSUM, L.K. 1966b - Calcium content of fruits and storage tissues in relation to the mode of water supply. Acta Bot. Neerl. 15:406-418.
WILCOX, G.E.; HOFF, J.E.; JONES, CM. 1973 - Ammonium reduction of calcium and magnesium content of tomato and sweet corn leaf tissue and influence on incidence of blossom-end rot of tomato fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 98(1) :86-89.

*

Trabalho subvencionado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP); parte da Tese apresentada pelo primeiro autor para obtenção do título de Doutor pela U.S.P.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
29 Maio 2012
Data do Fascículo
1976

Histórico

Recebido
17 Ago 1976

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ANDERSEN, A.J. 1971. Influence of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition on uptake and distribution of strontium and calcium in oat plants. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35(1):108-111.

[2] BATAL, K.M.; WEIGLE, J.L.; LERSTEN, N.R. 1972. Exogenous growth regulator effect on tomato fruit cracking and pericarp morphology. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97(4) : 529-531.

[3] BROOKS C. 1914. Blossom-end rot of tomatoes. Phytopath. 4:345-373.

[4] BRYAN, H.H.; READ, P.E. 1972. Effects of seedling applications of alar, cycocel and ethrel on graywall and tomato yield concentration. HortScience 7(3) : 326.

[5] CASTRO, P.R.C. 1973. Efeito do CCC na podridão estilar de tomateiro do grupo Santa Cruz. Supl. Ciência e Cultura 25(6) : 319.

[6] CASTRO, P.R.C. 1976 Efeitos de reguladores de crescimento em tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo. 148 p.

[7] CASTRO, P.R.C; BALLESTERO, S.D. 1977. Efeitos de reguladores de crescimento na transpiração do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. 'Miguel Pereira'). Rev. de Agric. 52(2-3) :147-152.

[8] CHEN, C.C. 1964. The absorption and mobility of root and foliar applied calcium, sulfur, zinc and iron by tomato seedlings as influenced by gibberellin treatments. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica 5: 17-25.

[9] DECHEN, A.R.; OLIVEIRA, G.D.; HAAG, H.P. 1973. Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. XXIII. Influência do cálcio no desenvolvimento do tomateiro, variedade Santa Cruz, linhagem Kada e Samano. An. Esc. Sup. Agr. "Luiz de Queiroz" 30:305-315.

[10] FAUST, M.; SHEAR, C.B. 1972. The effect of calcium on respiration of apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97(4):437-439.

[11] GERALDSON, CM. 1957. Factors affecting calcium nutrition of celery, tomato and peppers. Proc. Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. 21:621-625.

[12] GERARD, C.J.; HIPP, B.W. 1968. Blossom-end rot of 'Chico' and 'Chico Grande' tomatoes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 93:521-531.

[13] GOODE, J.E.; INGRAM, J. 1971. The effect of irrigation on the growth, cropping and nutrition of Cox's orange pippin apple trees. J. Hort. Sci. 46: 195-208.

[14] HOFF, J.E.; WILCOX, G.E.; JONES, CM. 1974 - The effect of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen on the free amino acid composition of tomato plants and tomato fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 99(1): 27-30.

[15] HUANG, H.; HUNG, L. 1957 - The fruit quality of tomatoes as affected by para--clorophenoxyacetic acid (PCA) for increasing fruit set during cool seasons. Mem. Coll. Agric. Taiwan Univ. 4(4) :27-45.

[16] JOHANSEN, S. 1954 - Effect of indole-acetic acid on stomata and photosynthesis. Physiol. Plant. 7:531.

[17] KHARANYAN, N.N. 1967 - Effect of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammcnium chloride (CCC) on some characteristics of the water conditions in plants. Fiziologiya Rastenii 14(3): 548-551.

[18] KNAVEL, D.E. 1969 - Influence of growth retardants on growth, nutrient content and yield of tomato plants grown at various fertility levels. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 94:32-35.

[19] LEE, K.C. ; CAMPBELL, R.W.; PAULSEN, G.M. 1974 - Effects of drought stress and succinic acid -2,2- dimethylhydrazide treatment on water relations and photosynthesis in pea seedlings. Crop Science 14:279-282.

[20] LIVNE, A. ; VAADIA, Y. 1965 - Stimulation of transpiration rate in barley leaves by kinetin and gibberellic acid. Physiol. Plant. 18:658-644.

[21] LORD, W J. ; SOUTHWICK, F.W. ; DAMON, R.A. 1967 - The influence of N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid an flesh firmness and on some pre and post-harvest physiological disorders of "Delicious" apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 91:829-832.

[22] MALAVOLTA, E.; CASTRO, P.R.C.; CRUZ, V.F.; YAMADA, T. 1975 - Calcium and its relationship to blossom-end rot in tomato. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6(3): 273-284.

[23] MAYNARD, D.N.; BARHAM, W.S.; MC COMBS, C.L. 1957 - The effect of calcium nutrition of tomatoes as related to the incidence and severity of blossom-rot. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 69:318-322.

[24] MC ALPINE, D. 1913 - The cause of bitter pit, its contributing factors. Melbourne, Progr. Rpt. Commonw. Australia 2:94-95.

[25] PALZKILL, D.A.; TIBBITTS, T.W. 1975 - Control of calcium movement in cabbage by relative humidity and suggested relation to calcium-related disorders in plants. HortScience 10(3) :388.

[26] RALEIGH, S.M.; CHUCKA, J.A. 1944 - Effect of nutrient ratio and concentration on growth and composition of tomato plants and the occurrence of blossom-end rot the fruit. Plant Physiol. 19:671-678.

[27] REDMOND, W.J. 1975 - Transport of calcium in apple trees and its penetration into the fruit. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6(3) :261-272.

[28] RESNIK, M.E. 1966 - Absorción, translocación e interacciones del potasio y el calcio en plantas decebada y poroto. Rev. Inv. Agr. 3(19):291-325.

[29] ROBBINS, W.R. 1937 - Relation of nutrient salt concentration to growth of the tomato and to the incidence of blossom-end rot of the fruit. Plant Physiol. 12:21-50.

[30] SHEAR, C.B. 1975a - Calcium nutrition and quality in fruit crops. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6(3) :233-244.

[31] SHEAR, C.B. 1975b - Calcium-related disorders of fruits and vegetables. HortScience 10(4):361-365.

[32] SINGH, K.; YOUNG, J.O. 1971b - Effect of 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride on growth behavior and transpiration related to tomato fruit cracking. T. Nkvv. Res. J. 5(1) :22-27.

[33] STÖSSER, R. 1970 - Translokation and Verteilung von ⁴⁵Calcium und Phosphor bei Früchten von Rrutins avium L. in Beziehung zum Fruchtfall. Angew. Botanik 44: 153-165.

[34] WEDGEWORTH, H.H.; NEAL, D.C.; WALLACE, J.M. 1927 - Wilt and blossom-end rot of tomato. Mississippi Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 247.

[35] WIENEKE, J.; BIDDULPH, O.; WOODBRIDGE, C.G. 1971 - Influence of growth regulating substances on absorption and translocation of calcium in pea and bean. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 96(6) :721-724.

[36] WIERSUM, L.K. 1966a. - The calcium supply of fruits and storage tissues in relation to water transport. Acta Hort. Int. Soc. Hort. Sci. 4:33-38.

[37] WIERSUM, L.K. 1966b - Calcium content of fruits and storage tissues in relation to the mode of water supply. Acta Bot. Neerl. 15:406-418.

[38] WILCOX, G.E.; HOFF, J.E.; JONES, CM. 1973 - Ammonium reduction of calcium and magnesium content of tomato and sweet corn leaf tissue and influence on incidence of blossom-end rot of tomato fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 98(1) :86-89.

Brasil

Brasil

Ocorrência da podridão estilar em tomateiros (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sob o efeito de reguladores de crescimento

Occurrence of blossom-end rot in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under effect of growth regulators

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico