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• An. Esc. Super. Agric. Luiz de Queiroz 33 • 1976 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0071-12761976000100033   copiar

Estudo da aflatoxina no amendoim, da colheita à industrialização, na região de Matão, S.P.

Study of aflatoxin in peanuts, from harvest to industrialization in the region of Matão, S.P.

Resumos

Neste trabalho foi investigada, na região de Matão, a incidência de aflatoxina no amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) em três estágios de seu ciclo de industrialização: a) ao ser entregue à fábrica: Épocas I e II; b) durante seu armazenamento: Épocas III e IV, e c) após a extração do óleo (farelo): Épocas V e VI. Em cada Estágio foram feitas duas coletas de 10 amostras cada, num total de 40 amostras de amendoim e 20 de farelo. Dos resultados concluiu-se que: a) a maioria das amostras, representando 85% do total, continha aflatoxina; b) o nível nas amostras, em termos de aflatoxina B1, elevou-se continuamente da Época I para a Época VI: médias de 0,06 até 1,22 ppm com média geral de 0,44 ppm; c) as boas práticas de secagem e adequado armazenamento concorrem decisivamente para manter um nível baixo de aflatoxina, e d) o lavrador entrega amendoim já tóxico à fábrica.

In the present work the occurrence of aflatoxin in peanut (Arachis hypogwea L.), in the region of Matão, S.P. was investigated, in three Stages, from harvest to industrialization: a) by the time the grower sells it to oil mill: Epochs I and II; b) during its storage prior to milling: Epochs III and IV and c) after oil extraction (peanut flour) : Epochs V and VI. In each stage two collections, of 10 samples each, were made in a total of 40 samples of peanuts and 20 samples of peaunt flour. From the results the following conclusions could be drawn; a) the majority of the samples, representing 85%, was toxic; b) the toxicity level of the samples, in terms of aflatoxin B1, grew from Epoch I to Epoch VI, presenting the average values of 0,06 ppm in the first and 1,22 ppm in the last one. The total mean value reached 0,44 ppm; c) good drying practices and proper storage can definitely help to maintain peanuts in a low level of aflatoxin and even prevent the occurrence of the toxin; d) the aflatoxin is already present in peanuts when growers take it to the oil mill.

Estudo da aflatoxina no amendoim, da colheita à industrialização, na região de Matão, S.P.

Study of aflatoxin in peanuts, from harvest to industrialization in the region of Matão, S.P.

Homero Fonseca

Departamento de Tecnologia Rural

RESUMO

Neste trabalho foi investigada, na região de Matão, a incidência de aflatoxina no amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) em três estágios de seu ciclo de industrialização: a) ao ser entregue à fábrica: Épocas I e II; b) durante seu armazenamento: Épocas III e IV, e c) após a extração do óleo (farelo): Épocas V e VI. Em cada Estágio foram feitas duas coletas de 10 amostras cada, num total de 40 amostras de amendoim e 20 de farelo.

Dos resultados concluiu-se que: a) a maioria das amostras, representando 85% do total, continha aflatoxina; b) o nível nas amostras, em termos de aflatoxina B1, elevou-se continuamente da Época I para a Época VI: médias de 0,06 até 1,22 ppm com média geral de 0,44 ppm; c) as boas práticas de secagem e adequado armazenamento concorrem decisivamente para manter um nível baixo de aflatoxina, e d) o lavrador entrega amendoim já tóxico à fábrica.

SUMMARY

In the present work the occurrence of aflatoxin in peanut (Arachis hypogwea L.), in the region of Matão, S.P. was investigated, in three Stages, from harvest to industrialization: a) by the time the grower sells it to oil mill: Epochs I and II; b) during its storage prior to milling: Epochs III and IV and c) after oil extraction (peanut flour) : Epochs V and VI. In each stage two collections, of 10 samples each, were made in a total of 40 samples of peanuts and 20 samples of peaunt flour.

From the results the following conclusions could be drawn; a) the majority of the samples, representing 85%, was toxic; b) the toxicity level of the samples, in terms of aflatoxin B1, grew from Epoch I to Epoch VI, presenting the average values of 0,06 ppm in the first and 1,22 ppm in the last one. The total mean value reached 0,44 ppm; c) good drying practices and proper storage can definitely help to maintain peanuts in a low level of aflatoxin and even prevent the occurrence of the toxin; d) the aflatoxin is already present in peanuts when growers take it to the oil mill.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMENTOS

Agradecemos à FAPESP pelo auxílio financeiro concedido e ao Prof. Roland Vencovsky pela orientação recebida na execução das análises estatísticas.

LITERATURA CITADA

ASPLIN, F.D. e R.B.A. CARNAGHAN; 1961. The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on ducklings and chickens. Vet. Rec. 73(46) : 1215-19.

BLOUNT, W.P., 1960. Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72(38): 786.

BLOUNT, W.P., 1961. Turkey "X" disease. Turkeys, 9 (2) :52-55-8, 61, 67.

CARNAGHAN, R.B.A., R.D. HARTLEY e J. O'KELLY, 1963. Toxicity and fluorescence properties of the aflatoxins. Nature, 200:1101.

COOMES, T.J. e A.J. FEUELL, 1965. Recommended procedures for the detection and estimation of aflatoxin B, in groundnuts and groundnut materials. Tropical Products Institute, Report N.° G13, Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres.

DUTTON, M.F. e J.G. HEATHCOTE, 1969. Some interesting relationship between the new aflatoxins and their associated metabolites. J. South African Chem, Inst. XXII: 5107-5118.

FONSECA, H., 1968. Contribuição ao estudo da ocorrência da aflatoxina em tortas, farelos e farinhas de amendoim (Arackis hypagaea L.) do Estado de S. Paulo. ESALQ/USP. Piracicaba, 65 p. Tese de Doutoramento.

HARTLEY, R.D., B.F. NESBITT e J. O'KELLY, 1963. Toxic metabolites of Aspergillus flavus. Bacteriol. Rev., 30(4):795-805.

LEE, W.V., 1965. Quantitative determination of aflatoxin in groundnut products. Analyst (Lond.), 90(1070) : 305-7, 1965.

LOOSMORE, R.M;. e J.D.J. HARDING, 1961. A toxic factor in Brazilian groundnut liver damage in pigs. Vet. Rec, 73(49) :1362-4.

LOOSMORE, R.M. e L.M. MARKSON, 1961. Poisoning of cattle by Brazilian groundnut meal. Vet. Rec. 73(33) : 64-5.

MENEZES, T.J.B., J.S. TANGO, F.A.S. COELHO e CG. TEIXEIRA, 1966. Ocorrência de Aspergillus flavus e da aflatoxina em sementes e farelo de amendoim. XVIII Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Blumenau, S.C.

SCHOENTAL, R., 1967. Aflatoxins. In: Annual Review of Pharmacology, 7:343-356.

SMITH, K.M., 1960. "Disease,, of turkey poults. Vet. Rec., 72(32) :652.

SNEDECOR, G.W., 1956. Statistical Methods. 5.ª ed., The Iowa State College Press-Ames, Ia. Cap. 5, 7 e 11.

STEEL, R.G.D. e J.H. TORRIE, 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Mc Graw-Hill, N. York, 481 p.

STEVENS, A.J.; C.N. SAUNDERS; J.B. SPENCE e A.G. NEWHAM, 1960. Investigations into "diseases" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec. 72(31) :627-28.

SWARBRICK, O., 1960. Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec., 72(33): 671.

TANGO, J.S., T.J.B. MENEZES e C.G. TEIXEIRA, 1967. Levantamento da ocorrência da aflatoxina em sementes de amendoim nas safras das águas e da seca de 1965. XIX Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Rio de Janeiro, R.J.

TROPICAL PRODUCTS INSTITUTE, 1962. Aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Interpretation of physico-chemical and biological test results. T.P.I., Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres, 1 p

Entregue para publicação em 10/12/1976

  • ASPLIN, F.D. e R.B.A. CARNAGHAN; 1961. The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on ducklings and chickens. Vet. Rec. 73(46) : 1215-19.
  • BLOUNT, W.P., 1960. Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72(38): 786.
  • BLOUNT, W.P., 1961. Turkey "X" disease. Turkeys, 9 (2) :52-55-8, 61, 67.
  • CARNAGHAN, R.B.A., R.D. HARTLEY e J. O'KELLY, 1963. Toxicity and fluorescence properties of the aflatoxins. Nature, 200:1101.
  • COOMES, T.J. e A.J. FEUELL, 1965. Recommended procedures for the detection and estimation of aflatoxin B, in groundnuts and groundnut materials. Tropical Products Institute, Report N.° G13, Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres.
  • DUTTON, M.F. e J.G. HEATHCOTE, 1969. Some interesting relationship between the new aflatoxins and their associated metabolites. J. South African Chem, Inst. XXII: 5107-5118.
  • FONSECA, H., 1968. Contribuição ao estudo da ocorrência da aflatoxina em tortas, farelos e farinhas de amendoim (Arackis hypagaea L.) do Estado de S. Paulo. ESALQ/USP. Piracicaba, 65 p. Tese de Doutoramento.
  • HARTLEY, R.D., B.F. NESBITT e J. O'KELLY, 1963. Toxic metabolites of Aspergillus flavus. Bacteriol. Rev., 30(4):795-805.
  • LEE, W.V., 1965. Quantitative determination of aflatoxin in groundnut products. Analyst (Lond.), 90(1070) : 305-7, 1965.
  • LOOSMORE, R.M;. e J.D.J. HARDING, 1961. A toxic factor in Brazilian groundnut liver damage in pigs. Vet. Rec, 73(49) :1362-4.
  • LOOSMORE, R.M. e L.M. MARKSON, 1961. Poisoning of cattle by Brazilian groundnut meal. Vet. Rec. 73(33) : 64-5.
  • MENEZES, T.J.B., J.S. TANGO, F.A.S. COELHO e CG. TEIXEIRA, 1966. Ocorrência de Aspergillus flavus e da aflatoxina em sementes e farelo de amendoim. XVIII Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Blumenau, S.C.
  • SCHOENTAL, R., 1967. Aflatoxins. In: Annual Review of Pharmacology, 7:343-356.
  • SMITH, K.M., 1960. "Disease,, of turkey poults. Vet. Rec., 72(32) :652.
  • SNEDECOR, G.W., 1956. Statistical Methods. 5.Ş ed., The Iowa State College Press-Ames, Ia. Cap. 5, 7 e 11.
  • STEEL, R.G.D. e J.H. TORRIE, 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Mc Graw-Hill, N. York, 481 p.
  • STEVENS, A.J.; C.N. SAUNDERS; J.B. SPENCE e A.G. NEWHAM, 1960. Investigations into "diseases" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec. 72(31) :627-28.
  • SWARBRICK, O., 1960. Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec., 72(33): 671.
  • TANGO, J.S., T.J.B. MENEZES e C.G. TEIXEIRA, 1967. Levantamento da ocorrência da aflatoxina em sementes de amendoim nas safras das águas e da seca de 1965. XIX Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Rio de Janeiro, R.J.
  • TROPICAL PRODUCTS INSTITUTE, 1962. Aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Interpretation of physico-chemical and biological test results. T.P.I., Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres, 1 p

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    29 Maio 2012
  • Data do Fascículo
    1976

Histórico

  • Recebido
    10 Dez 1976
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