Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do milho: II. efeito de doses crescentes de N, R e K no crescimento, produção e composição mineral da variedade Piranão em condições controladas

Malavolta, E.; Basso, L. C.; Oliveira, E G. D.; Vasconcellos, C. A.; Santos, Z. G.; Fortes, J. M.; Fernandes, J.; Stamford, N.P.; Lorenzi, J.O.; Sampaio, N. F.; Hass, F. J.; Freire, J. C.; Souza, M.; Ventorim, N.; Victoria F, R.; Rosalén, CA.; Zago, E.A.; Miranda, M.T.; Lima, S.A.; Castro, A.M.G.; Souza, A.P.; Lopes, E.S.; Sobral, L.F.; Lovato, L.A.; Menezes, M.; Tisselli F, E O.

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761976000100044

Resumos

O milho, var. Piranão, foi cultivado em solução nutritiva com níveis crescentes de N, R e K. Houve resposta linear à adição de N e assintótica às doses de R e de K. A determinação da atividade da reductase de nitrato se correlacionou melhor com a produção da matéria seca que a do N total nas folhas. O teor de potássio total nas folhas, por sua vez refletiu melhor o estado nutricional que a determinação de putrescina nas folhas.

Maize plants, Piranão cultivar, were grown in nutrient solution with 5 levels each of N, R and K till harvest. Nitrate reductase activity and putrescine level were determined in leaves of plants in the N and K series, respectively, at silking stage. Upper and lower leaves were analysed for N, R and K in the corresponding treatments at the end of the life cycle. The main conclusions were the following : 5.1 There was a linear effect of level of N in the substrate on dry matter production. 5.2. High activities of nitrate reductase suggest that under natural conditions the variety should be very responsive to N fertilization. 5.3. An asymptotic response curve was found in the treatments with increasing levels of R in the medium, as well as in the case of the K treatments. 5.4. Curves of response of roots (dry matter) showed a tendency to level of as a function of increasing levels of element at lower concentrations than the components aeral part of the plant (leaves, stems, ears). 5.5. Determination of leaf putrescine did not of prove a better indicator of the K status leaf K. 5.6. The variety under study seems to be relatively more efficient in the utilization of N for yield components; the efficiency for utilization of K, is rather low and that for R is intermediate, findings that should have a bearing on the fertilization in field conditions.

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do milho: II. efeito de doses crescentes de N, R e K no crescimento, produção e composição mineral da variedade Piranão em condições controladas^* * Com ajuda da EMBRAPA, BNDE (contrato FLINT EC 293), CNEX e FAPESP

Studies on the mineral nutrition of corn: II. efect of rates of N, P, and K on growth, yield and mineral composition of the variety Piranão under controlled conditions

E. Malavolta^I; L. C. Basso^I; E G. D. Oliveira^I; C. A. Vasconcellos^II; Z. G. Santos^II; J. M. Fortes^II; J. Fernandes^II; N.P. Stamford^II; J.O. Lorenzi^II; N. F. Sampaio^II; F. J. Hass^II, J. C. Freire^II; M. Souza^II; N. Ventorim^II; R. Victoria F.^II; CA. Rosalén^II; E.A. Zago^II; M.T. Miranda^II; S.A. Lima^II, A.M.G. Castro^II; A.P. Souza^II; E.S. Lopes^II; L.F. Sobral^II; L.A. Lovato^II, M. Menezes^II; E O. Tisselli F.°^II

^IDepartamento de Química, ESALQ - USP

^IIEstudantes pós graduados de Solos & Nutrição de Plantas

RESUMO

O milho, var. Piranão, foi cultivado em solução nutritiva com níveis crescentes de N, R e K. Houve resposta linear à adição de N e assintótica às doses de R e de K. A determinação da atividade da reductase de nitrato se correlacionou melhor com a produção da matéria seca que a do N total nas folhas. O teor de potássio total nas folhas, por sua vez refletiu melhor o estado nutricional que a determinação de putrescina nas folhas.

SUMMARY

Maize plants, Piranão cultivar, were grown in nutrient solution with 5 levels each of N, R and K till harvest.

Nitrate reductase activity and putrescine level were determined in leaves of plants in the N and K series, respectively, at silking stage.

Upper and lower leaves were analysed for N, R and K in the corresponding treatments at the end of the life cycle.

The main conclusions were the following :

5.1 There was a linear effect of level of N in the substrate on dry matter production. 5.2. High activities of nitrate reductase suggest that under natural conditions the variety should be very responsive to N fertilization.

5.3. An asymptotic response curve was found in the treatments with increasing levels of R in the medium, as well as in the case of the K treatments.

5.4. Curves of response of roots (dry matter) showed a tendency to level of as a function of increasing levels of element at lower concentrations than the components aeral part of the plant (leaves, stems, ears).

5.5. Determination of leaf putrescine did not of prove a better indicator of the K status leaf K.

5.6. The variety under study seems to be relatively more efficient in the utilization of N for yield components; the efficiency for utilization of K, is rather low and that for R is intermediate, findings that should have a bearing on the fertilization in field conditions.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 15/12/1976

ANDRADE, A.G. 1975 - Acumulação Diferencial de nutrientes por cinco cultivares de Milho (Zea mays L.) Diss, de Mestrado, Piracicaba.
ARNON, I. 1975 - Mineral Nutrition of Maize. Ed. pelo International Potash Institute, Berna.
BAR AKIVA, A. & J. STERNBAUM. 1965 - Possible role of the nitrate reductase activity of leaves as a measure of the requeriment of citrus trees. Plant and Cell Phvsiol. 6:575-577.
BAR AKIVA, A., A. SHAKED & J.S. AGIV. 1967 - The use of nitrate reductase activitv for the appraisal of nitrogen status and productivity of fruit orchard trees. Hort/Sci. 2:51-52.
BAR AKIVA, A. 1970 - Chemical and biochemical measurements on plants as a mean of controlling yield and plant performances. Proc. a 9^th Congress Internatl. Potash Institute (Antibes) : Ed. pelo Internatl. Potash Inst., Berna.
BASSO, L.C. & T.A. SMITH. 1974 - Effect of mineral deficiency on amine formation in higher plants. Phytochem. 14:875-833.
BEEVERS, L. & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1969 - Nitrate reduction in higher plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 20:495-505.
CROY, L.I. & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1970 - Relation ships of nitrate reductase activity to grain protein production in wheat. Crop. Sci. 10 :280-285.
DECKARD, E.L.; R.J. LAMBERT & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1973 - Nitrate reductase activity in corn leaves as related to yield of grain and protein. Crop. Sci. 13 :343-350.
ECK, H.V. & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1974 - Nitrate reductase activity in sudan grass cultivars. Crop. Sci. 14:283-287.
ELRICH, G.C. & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1973 - Nitrate reductase activity and its relationship to accumulation of vegetative and grain nitrogen in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop. Sci. 13:59-65.
GALLO, J.R., R. HIROGE & L.T. MIRANDA. 1968 - A análise foliar na nutrição do milho. I. Correlação entre análise da folha e produção. Bragantia 27(15) :177-186.
HOAGLAND, D.R. & D.I. ARNON. 1950 - The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir. 347.
HOFFMAN, M. & R.M. SAMISH. 1971 -. Free amine content in fruit tree organs as an indication of the nutritional statu with respect to potassium. Recent Advances in Plant Nutrition, vol. I., Ed. por R.M. Samish, Gordon & Breach. Sei. Publi. Nova Iorque, Londres, Paris.
MALAVOLTA, E., V.M. RAR & OHAN, G.D. OLIVEIRA, A.M.G. CASTRO, A.P. SOUZA, H.S. LOPES, L.F. SOBRAL, L.A. LOVATO, M. MENEZES & O. TISSELI F.°. 1976 - Esudos sobre a nutrição mineral do milho. I. Deficiência de macronutrientes na variedade Piranão. XI Reu. Bras. Sorgo e Milho (Piracicaba): no prelo.
MALAVOLTA, E. & H.G. GARGANTINI. 1966 - Nutrição mineral e adubação e Cultura e Adubação do Milho. Ed. pelo Inst. Bras, de Potassa, S. Paulo.
MALAVOLTA, E., H.P. HAAG, F.A.F. MELLO & M.O. BRASIL SOBRAL. 1974 - Nutrição Mineral e Adubação de Plantas Cultivadas. Livraria Pioneira Editora S.P.
NELSON, L.B. 1956 - The mineral nutrition of corn as related to its growth and culture. Adv. Agron. 8:321-375.
PIERRE, W.H., S.A. ALDRICH & W.P. MARTIN (Ed.) 1966 - Advances in corn production: Principles and Practicies. The Iowa State University Press, Ames.
RICHARDS, F.J. & R.G. COLEMAN. 1952 - Occurrence of putrescine in potassium deficient barley. Nature 170:460.
T.V.A. 1971 - Nutrition of Maize. Natl Fertilizer Development Center Bull Y-26, Muscle Shoals.

*

Com ajuda da EMBRAPA, BNDE (contrato FLINT EC 293), CNEX e FAPESP

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
29 Maio 2012
Data do Fascículo
1976

Histórico

Recebido
15 Dez 1976

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ANDRADE, A.G. 1975 - Acumulação Diferencial de nutrientes por cinco cultivares de Milho (Zea mays L.) Diss, de Mestrado, Piracicaba.

[2] ARNON, I. 1975 - Mineral Nutrition of Maize. Ed. pelo International Potash Institute, Berna.

[3] BAR AKIVA, A. & J. STERNBAUM. 1965 - Possible role of the nitrate reductase activity of leaves as a measure of the requeriment of citrus trees. Plant and Cell Phvsiol. 6:575-577.

[4] BAR AKIVA, A., A. SHAKED & J.S. AGIV. 1967 - The use of nitrate reductase activitv for the appraisal of nitrogen status and productivity of fruit orchard trees. Hort/Sci. 2:51-52.

[5] BAR AKIVA, A. 1970 - Chemical and biochemical measurements on plants as a mean of controlling yield and plant performances. Proc. a 9^th Congress Internatl. Potash Institute (Antibes) : Ed. pelo Internatl. Potash Inst., Berna.

[6] BASSO, L.C. & T.A. SMITH. 1974 - Effect of mineral deficiency on amine formation in higher plants. Phytochem. 14:875-833.

[7] BEEVERS, L. & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1969 - Nitrate reduction in higher plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 20:495-505.

[8] CROY, L.I. & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1970 - Relation ships of nitrate reductase activity to grain protein production in wheat. Crop. Sci. 10 :280-285.

[9] DECKARD, E.L.; R.J. LAMBERT & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1973 - Nitrate reductase activity in corn leaves as related to yield of grain and protein. Crop. Sci. 13 :343-350.

[10] ECK, H.V. & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1974 - Nitrate reductase activity in sudan grass cultivars. Crop. Sci. 14:283-287.

[11] ELRICH, G.C. & R.H. HAGEMAN. 1973 - Nitrate reductase activity and its relationship to accumulation of vegetative and grain nitrogen in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop. Sci. 13:59-65.

[12] GALLO, J.R., R. HIROGE & L.T. MIRANDA. 1968 - A análise foliar na nutrição do milho. I. Correlação entre análise da folha e produção. Bragantia 27(15) :177-186.

[13] HOAGLAND, D.R. & D.I. ARNON. 1950 - The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir. 347.

[14] HOFFMAN, M. & R.M. SAMISH. 1971 -. Free amine content in fruit tree organs as an indication of the nutritional statu with respect to potassium. Recent Advances in Plant Nutrition, vol. I., Ed. por R.M. Samish, Gordon & Breach. Sei. Publi. Nova Iorque, Londres, Paris.

[15] MALAVOLTA, E., V.M. RAR & OHAN, G.D. OLIVEIRA, A.M.G. CASTRO, A.P. SOUZA, H.S. LOPES, L.F. SOBRAL, L.A. LOVATO, M. MENEZES & O. TISSELI F.°. 1976 - Esudos sobre a nutrição mineral do milho. I. Deficiência de macronutrientes na variedade Piranão. XI Reu. Bras. Sorgo e Milho (Piracicaba): no prelo.

[16] MALAVOLTA, E. & H.G. GARGANTINI. 1966 - Nutrição mineral e adubação e Cultura e Adubação do Milho. Ed. pelo Inst. Bras, de Potassa, S. Paulo.

[17] MALAVOLTA, E., H.P. HAAG, F.A.F. MELLO & M.O. BRASIL SOBRAL. 1974 - Nutrição Mineral e Adubação de Plantas Cultivadas. Livraria Pioneira Editora S.P.

[18] NELSON, L.B. 1956 - The mineral nutrition of corn as related to its growth and culture. Adv. Agron. 8:321-375.

[19] PIERRE, W.H., S.A. ALDRICH & W.P. MARTIN (Ed.) 1966 - Advances in corn production: Principles and Practicies. The Iowa State University Press, Ames.

[20] RICHARDS, F.J. & R.G. COLEMAN. 1952 - Occurrence of putrescine in potassium deficient barley. Nature 170:460.

[21] T.V.A. 1971 - Nutrition of Maize. Natl Fertilizer Development Center Bull Y-26, Muscle Shoals.

Brasil

Brasil

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do milho: II. efeito de doses crescentes de N, R e K no crescimento, produção e composição mineral da variedade Piranão em condições controladas

Studies on the mineral nutrition of corn: II. efect of rates of N, P, and K on growth, yield and mineral composition of the variety Piranão under controlled conditions

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico