Efeito da adição de sulfato de amônio e de restos de cultura de milho (Zea mays L: ) sobre os teores de carbono, nitrogênio e relação C/N em três solos argilosos

Aquino, Boanerges Freire de; Mello, Francisco de Assis Ferraz de

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761983000100021

Resumos

Trata-se de um trabalho de incubação, em vasos, feito com a finalidade de verificar a influência da adição de sulfato de amônio sobre a evolução de carbono, nitrogênio e relação C/N em três solos argilosos do município de Piracicaba. Várias conclusões foram tiradas, sen do a principal a seguinte: A evolução do teor de carbono e da relação C/N podem ser tomadas como parâmetros na avaliação das fases de decomposição da matéria orgânica.

The experiment was carried out in pots using three clayish soils from the municipality of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The objective of this work was to obtain information on the decay of organic residue (corn culture trash applied at the proportion of 50 ton/ha) and the influence of nitrogen sulphate at the levels of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha on the added organic material rate of de cay. The experiment was installed at room conditions and protected from rain. The evaluation of the decay was made by determinations of the carbon content and of the C/N ratio of the soils during the incubation period (70 days). The samples were collected and analyzed weekly. The moisture of the soils was mantained at the level of 70% of the water retained at 1/3 atm. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The addition of mineral nitrogen in the soils accelerated the losses of carbon from the soils, showing a greater effect during the initial incubation period. 2) The addition of nitrogen affected the content of residual carbon in the final incubation period. Increasing levels of added nitrogen lowered the remaining carbon content in the soil at the end of the incubation period. 3) The addition of nitrogen affected the reaction of the C/N ratios in all the used soil. The treatments that received mineral nitrogen showed closer C/N ratios during the incubation period. The amount of mineral nitrogen applied was related to the narrowing speed of the values in the initial incubation period. 4) There is a strong indication that little increments of the total nitrogen (with peaks at the 28th day) are related to the addition of mineral nitrogen in all the soils. 5) The evolution of the carbon content and of the C/N ratios can be taken as parameters in the evaluation of the organic material rates of decay for the used soils and within an incubation period of 70 days.

Efeito da adição de sulfato de amônio e de restos de cultura de milho (Zea mays L.) sobre os teores de carbono, nitrogênio e relação C/N em três solos argilosos^* * Parte da Dissertação de Metrado do primeiro autor.

Effects of the addition of ammonium sulfate and corn plants residues (Zea mays L.) on the contents of carbon, nitrogen and c/n relation of three clayish soils.

Boanerges Freire de Aquino^I; Francisco de Assis Ferraz de Mello^II

^IEscola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró

^IIEscola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, Piracicaba

RESUMO

Trata-se de um trabalho de incubação, em vasos, feito com a finalidade de verificar a influência da adição de sulfato de amônio sobre a evolução de carbono, nitrogênio e relação C/N em três solos argilosos do município de Piracicaba.

Várias conclusões foram tiradas, sen do a principal a seguinte: A evolução do teor de carbono e da relação C/N podem ser tomadas como parâmetros na avaliação das fases de decomposição da matéria orgânica.

SUMMARY

The experiment was carried out in pots using three clayish soils from the municipality of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The objective of this work was to obtain information on the decay of organic residue (corn culture trash applied at the proportion of 50 ton/ha) and the influence of nitrogen sulphate at the levels of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha on the added organic material rate of de cay. The experiment was installed at room conditions and protected from rain. The evaluation of the decay was made by determinations of the carbon content and of the C/N ratio of the soils during the incubation period (70 days). The samples were collected and analyzed weekly. The moisture of the soils was mantained at the level of 70% of the water retained at 1/3 atm.

The main conclusions are as follows:

1) The addition of mineral nitrogen in the soils accelerated the losses of carbon from the soils, showing a greater effect during the initial incubation period.

2) The addition of nitrogen affected the content of residual carbon in the final incubation period. Increasing levels of added nitrogen lowered the remaining carbon content in the soil at the end of the incubation period.

3) The addition of nitrogen affected the reaction of the C/N ratios in all the used soil. The treatments that received mineral nitrogen showed closer C/N ratios during the incubation period. The amount of mineral nitrogen applied was related to the narrowing speed of the values in the initial incubation period.

4) There is a strong indication that little increments of the total nitrogen (with peaks at the 28^th day) are related to the addition of mineral nitrogen in all the soils.

5) The evolution of the carbon content and of the C/N ratios can be taken as parameters in the evaluation of the organic material rates of decay for the used soils and within an incubation period of 70 days.

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LITERATURA CITADA

ALLISON, F.E.; COVER, R.G., 1960. Rates of decomposition of short leaf pine sawdust in soil at various levels of nitrogen and lime. Soil Sci. 89: 194-201.

ALLISON, F.E.; KLEIN, C.J., 1962. Rates of immobilization and release of nitrogen following additions of carbonaceous materials and nitrogen to soils. Soil Sci. 93: 383-386.

ALLISON, F.E., 1973. Soil organic matter and its role in crop production. New York, Elsevier, 673 p.

BROADBENT, F.E.; NORMAN, A.C., 1946. Some factors affecting the availability of the organic nitrogen in soil. A preliminary report. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 11: 264-267.

BROADBENT, F.E.; BARTHOLOMEW, W.V., 1948. The effect of quantity of plant material added to soil on its rate of decomposition. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 13: 271-274.

BROADBENT, F.E., 1968. Turnover of nitrogen in soil organic matter. In: Study week on organic matter and soil fertility. John Wiley, New York.

HILTBOLD, A.E.; BARTHOLOMEW, W.V.; WERKMAN, C.H., 1950. The use of tracer technique in the simultaneous measurement of mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 15: 166-173.

HOPKINS, D.P., 1948. Chemical humus and the soil. London, Faber and Faber, 278 p.

JENNY, H.; GESSEL, S.P.; BINGHAM, F.T. , 1949. Comparative study of decomposition rates of organic matter in temperate and tropical regions. Soil Sci. 68: 419-432.

MARTIN, T.L., 1925. Effect of straw on accumulation of nitrates and crop growth. Soil Sci. 20: 159-164.

MELLO, F.A.F.; ARZOLLA, S.; PORTA, A.; FERRAZ, V. , 1966. Uma adaptação do método Kjedhal para a determinação do nitrogênio do solo envolvendo o uso de um microdestilador. Rev. Agric. Piracicaba, 41: 117-119.

NORMAN, A.G., 1943. Organic matter in soils. Yb. Agric. 499-510.

PEEVY, W.J.; NORMAN, A.G., 1948. Influence of composition of plant materials on properties of the decomposed residues. Soil Sci. 65: 209-226.

PINCK, L.A.; ALLISON, F.E.; GADDY, V.L., 1946a. Greenhouse experiments on the effect of green manures upon nitrogen recovery and soil carbon content. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 10: 230-234.

PINCK, L.A.; ALLISON, F.E.; GADDY, V.L., 1946b. The nitrogen requirement in the utilization of carbonaceous residues in soil. Jour. Am. Soc. of Agronomy 38: 410-420.

PINCK, L.A., 1948. The effect of green manure crops of varying carbon-nitrogen rations upon nitrogen availability and soil organic matter content. Jour. Am. Soc. of Agronomy 40: 237-248.

PINCK, L.A.; ALLISON, F.E.; SHERMAN, M.S., 1950. Maintenance of soil organic matter: II. Losses of carbon and nitrogen from young and mature plant materials during decomposition in soil. Soil Sci. 69: 391-401.

RANZANI, G.; KIEHL, E.J., 1958. Prática de solos. Piracicaba, SP, 40 p.

RANZANI, G.; FREIRE, O.; KINJO, T., 1966. Carta de solos do município de Piracicaba. Centro de Estudos de Solos. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, SP, 85 p.

RUBINS, E.J.; BEAR, F.E., 1942. Carbon-nitrogen ratios in organic fertilizer materials in relation to the availability of their nitrogen. Soil Sci. 54: 411-423.

SCARDUA, R., 1974. Irrigação. Piracicaba, SP. Centro Acadêmico Luiz de Queiroz, 246 p.

STOJANOVIC, B.J.; BROADBENT, F.E., 1956. Immobilization and mineralization rates of nitrogen during decomposition of plant residues in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 20: 213-218.

WAKSMAN, S.A.; TENNEY, F.G., 1927. The composition of natural organic materials and their decomposition in the soil: II. Influence of age of plant upon the rapidity and nature of its decomposition rye plants. Soil Sci. 24: 317-333.

WAKSMAN, S.A., 1942. The microbiologist looks at soil organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc 7: 16-21.

WAKSMAN, S.A., 1952. Soil microbiology. John Wiley, New York, p. 125-165.

Entregue para publicação em 12/12/83.

ALLISON, F.E.; COVER, R.G., 1960. Rates of decomposition of short leaf pine sawdust in soil at various levels of nitrogen and lime. Soil Sci. 89: 194-201.
ALLISON, F.E.; KLEIN, C.J., 1962. Rates of immobilization and release of nitrogen following additions of carbonaceous materials and nitrogen to soils. Soil Sci. 93: 383-386.
ALLISON, F.E., 1973. Soil organic matter and its role in crop production. New York, Elsevier, 673 p.
BROADBENT, F.E.; NORMAN, A.C., 1946. Some factors affecting the availability of the organic nitrogen in soil. A preliminary report. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 11: 264-267.
BROADBENT, F.E.; BARTHOLOMEW, W.V., 1948. The effect of quantity of plant material added to soil on its rate of decomposition. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 13: 271-274.
BROADBENT, F.E., 1968. Turnover of nitrogen in soil organic matter. In: Study week on organic matter and soil fertility. John Wiley, New York.
HILTBOLD, A.E.; BARTHOLOMEW, W.V.; WERKMAN, C.H., 1950. The use of tracer technique in the simultaneous measurement of mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 15: 166-173.
HOPKINS, D.P., 1948. Chemical humus and the soil. London, Faber and Faber, 278 p.
JENNY, H.; GESSEL, S.P.; BINGHAM, F.T. , 1949. Comparative study of decomposition rates of organic matter in temperate and tropical regions. Soil Sci. 68: 419-432.
MARTIN, T.L., 1925. Effect of straw on accumulation of nitrates and crop growth. Soil Sci. 20: 159-164.
MELLO, F.A.F.; ARZOLLA, S.; PORTA, A.; FERRAZ, V. , 1966. Uma adaptação do método Kjedhal para a determinação do nitrogênio do solo envolvendo o uso de um microdestilador. Rev. Agric. Piracicaba, 41: 117-119.
NORMAN, A.G., 1943. Organic matter in soils. Yb. Agric. 499-510.
PEEVY, W.J.; NORMAN, A.G., 1948. Influence of composition of plant materials on properties of the decomposed residues. Soil Sci. 65: 209-226.
PINCK, L.A.; ALLISON, F.E.; GADDY, V.L., 1946a. Greenhouse experiments on the effect of green manures upon nitrogen recovery and soil carbon content. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 10: 230-234.
PINCK, L.A.; ALLISON, F.E.; GADDY, V.L., 1946b. The nitrogen requirement in the utilization of carbonaceous residues in soil. Jour. Am. Soc. of Agronomy 38: 410-420.
PINCK, L.A., 1948. The effect of green manure crops of varying carbon-nitrogen rations upon nitrogen availability and soil organic matter content. Jour. Am. Soc. of Agronomy 40: 237-248.
PINCK, L.A.; ALLISON, F.E.; SHERMAN, M.S., 1950. Maintenance of soil organic matter: II. Losses of carbon and nitrogen from young and mature plant materials during decomposition in soil. Soil Sci. 69: 391-401.
RANZANI, G.; KIEHL, E.J., 1958. Prática de solos. Piracicaba, SP, 40 p.
RANZANI, G.; FREIRE, O.; KINJO, T., 1966. Carta de solos do município de Piracicaba. Centro de Estudos de Solos. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, SP, 85 p.
RUBINS, E.J.; BEAR, F.E., 1942. Carbon-nitrogen ratios in organic fertilizer materials in relation to the availability of their nitrogen. Soil Sci. 54: 411-423.
SCARDUA, R., 1974. Irrigação. Piracicaba, SP. Centro Acadêmico Luiz de Queiroz, 246 p.
STOJANOVIC, B.J.; BROADBENT, F.E., 1956. Immobilization and mineralization rates of nitrogen during decomposition of plant residues in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 20: 213-218.
WAKSMAN, S.A.; TENNEY, F.G., 1927. The composition of natural organic materials and their decomposition in the soil: II. Influence of age of plant upon the rapidity and nature of its decomposition rye plants. Soil Sci. 24: 317-333.
WAKSMAN, S.A., 1942. The microbiologist looks at soil organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc 7: 16-21.
WAKSMAN, S.A., 1952. Soil microbiology. John Wiley, New York, p. 125-165.

*

Parte da Dissertação de Metrado do primeiro autor.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
19 Maio 2011
Data do Fascículo
1983

Histórico

Recebido
12 Dez 1983

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ALLISON, F.E.; COVER, R.G., 1960. Rates of decomposition of short leaf pine sawdust in soil at various levels of nitrogen and lime. Soil Sci. 89: 194-201.

[2] ALLISON, F.E.; KLEIN, C.J., 1962. Rates of immobilization and release of nitrogen following additions of carbonaceous materials and nitrogen to soils. Soil Sci. 93: 383-386.

[3] ALLISON, F.E., 1973. Soil organic matter and its role in crop production. New York, Elsevier, 673 p.

[4] BROADBENT, F.E.; NORMAN, A.C., 1946. Some factors affecting the availability of the organic nitrogen in soil. A preliminary report. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 11: 264-267.

[5] BROADBENT, F.E.; BARTHOLOMEW, W.V., 1948. The effect of quantity of plant material added to soil on its rate of decomposition. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 13: 271-274.

[6] BROADBENT, F.E., 1968. Turnover of nitrogen in soil organic matter. In: Study week on organic matter and soil fertility. John Wiley, New York.

[7] HILTBOLD, A.E.; BARTHOLOMEW, W.V.; WERKMAN, C.H., 1950. The use of tracer technique in the simultaneous measurement of mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 15: 166-173.

[8] HOPKINS, D.P., 1948. Chemical humus and the soil. London, Faber and Faber, 278 p.

[9] JENNY, H.; GESSEL, S.P.; BINGHAM, F.T. , 1949. Comparative study of decomposition rates of organic matter in temperate and tropical regions. Soil Sci. 68: 419-432.

[10] MARTIN, T.L., 1925. Effect of straw on accumulation of nitrates and crop growth. Soil Sci. 20: 159-164.

[11] MELLO, F.A.F.; ARZOLLA, S.; PORTA, A.; FERRAZ, V. , 1966. Uma adaptação do método Kjedhal para a determinação do nitrogênio do solo envolvendo o uso de um microdestilador. Rev. Agric. Piracicaba, 41: 117-119.

[12] NORMAN, A.G., 1943. Organic matter in soils. Yb. Agric. 499-510.

[13] PEEVY, W.J.; NORMAN, A.G., 1948. Influence of composition of plant materials on properties of the decomposed residues. Soil Sci. 65: 209-226.

[14] PINCK, L.A.; ALLISON, F.E.; GADDY, V.L., 1946a. Greenhouse experiments on the effect of green manures upon nitrogen recovery and soil carbon content. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 10: 230-234.

[15] PINCK, L.A.; ALLISON, F.E.; GADDY, V.L., 1946b. The nitrogen requirement in the utilization of carbonaceous residues in soil. Jour. Am. Soc. of Agronomy 38: 410-420.

[16] PINCK, L.A., 1948. The effect of green manure crops of varying carbon-nitrogen rations upon nitrogen availability and soil organic matter content. Jour. Am. Soc. of Agronomy 40: 237-248.

[17] PINCK, L.A.; ALLISON, F.E.; SHERMAN, M.S., 1950. Maintenance of soil organic matter: II. Losses of carbon and nitrogen from young and mature plant materials during decomposition in soil. Soil Sci. 69: 391-401.

[18] RANZANI, G.; KIEHL, E.J., 1958. Prática de solos. Piracicaba, SP, 40 p.

[19] RANZANI, G.; FREIRE, O.; KINJO, T., 1966. Carta de solos do município de Piracicaba. Centro de Estudos de Solos. ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, SP, 85 p.

[20] RUBINS, E.J.; BEAR, F.E., 1942. Carbon-nitrogen ratios in organic fertilizer materials in relation to the availability of their nitrogen. Soil Sci. 54: 411-423.

[21] SCARDUA, R., 1974. Irrigação. Piracicaba, SP. Centro Acadêmico Luiz de Queiroz, 246 p.

[22] STOJANOVIC, B.J.; BROADBENT, F.E., 1956. Immobilization and mineralization rates of nitrogen during decomposition of plant residues in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 20: 213-218.

[23] WAKSMAN, S.A.; TENNEY, F.G., 1927. The composition of natural organic materials and their decomposition in the soil: II. Influence of age of plant upon the rapidity and nature of its decomposition rye plants. Soil Sci. 24: 317-333.

[24] WAKSMAN, S.A., 1942. The microbiologist looks at soil organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc 7: 16-21.

[25] WAKSMAN, S.A., 1952. Soil microbiology. John Wiley, New York, p. 125-165.

Brasil

Brasil

Efeito da adição de sulfato de amônio e de restos de cultura de milho (Zea mays L: ) sobre os teores de carbono, nitrogênio e relação C/N em três solos argilosos

Effects of the addition of ammonium sulfate and corn plants residues (Zea mays L: ) on the contents of carbon, nitrogen and c/n relation of three clayish soils.

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico