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A new key for the species of Ateuchus Weber (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) occurring in Mexico, with a description of the first North American inquiline species from a rodent burrow (Rodentia: Geomydae) and new distribution records

Abstract

The first Ateuchus Weber (Scarabaeinae) species, A. tuza sp. nov., from a rodent burrow from North America is described. Diagnostic characters are presented; photographs of an adult male and illustrations of male genitalia are included. A key for all known Mexican Ateuchus Weber species is provided. Ateuchus hornai (Balthasar) is revalidated. New distribution records from Mexico and Central America are reported.

Keywords
Internal sac; Neotropical region; Scarabaeoidea; Taxonomy; Veracruz

Introduction

This work is a continuation of the study of the genus Ateuchus Weber for North America, first started in 1981 (Kohlmann, 1981Kohlmann, 1981 Kohlmann, B., 1981. Nuevas especies de Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) de Mexico. Folia Entomol. Mex. 49, 71-92., 1984Kohlmann, 1984 Kohlmann, B., 1984. Biosistemática de las especies norteamericanas del género Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Folia Entomol. Mex. 60, 3-81.; Kohlmann and Halffter, 1988Kohlmann and Halffter, 1988 Kohlmann, B., Halffter, G., 1988. Cladistic and biogeographical analysis of Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Mexico and the United States. Folia Entomol. Mex. 74, 109-130.), and thereafter extended to Mesoamerica (Kohlmann, 2000Kohlmann, 2000 Kohlmann, B., 2000. New species and distribution records of Mesoamerican Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Rev. Biol. Trop. 48, 235-246.) and Costa Rica (Kohlmann, 1996-1997Kohlmann, 1996-1997 Kohlmann, B., 1996-1997. The Costa Rican species of Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeida: Scarabaeinae). Rev. Biol. Trop. 44/45, 177-192.; Kohlmann and Solís, 2009Kohlmann and Solís, 2009 Kohlmann, B., Solís, A., 2009. New species of Ateuchus and Canthidium (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 2219, 31-37., 2012Kohlmann and Solís, 2012 Kohlmann, B., Solís, A., 2012. New species and revalidations of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Geotrupinae and Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama. Zootaxa 3193, 28-52.). It describes the first known Ateuchus species from the burrow of a rodent collected in North America. Ateuchus hornai (Balthasar) is revalidated. This description and the present revalidation increase the number of previously known species from Mexico to fourteen. As a comparison, twelve species are known from Costa Rica (Kohlmann and Solís, 2012Kohlmann and Solís, 2012 Kohlmann, B., Solís, A., 2012. New species and revalidations of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Geotrupinae and Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama. Zootaxa 3193, 28-52.). This study also presents a key for the Mexican Ateuchus species. It also reports new Ateuchus records from Mexico and Central America.

Materials and methods

Most specimens studied came from the Entomology Section of the Zoological Collection of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil (CEMT) and the Entomological Collection at the Institute of Ecology (IEXA), Xalapa, Mexico. Other collections are cited only once and so no acronyms are used for them.

The specimens were studied using a Zeiss Stemi 2000-C stereozoom binocular microscope. Measurements were made to the nearest 0.1 mm using an ocular micrometer. Genital dissections and preparations were done following the techniques described by Zunino (1978)Zunino, 1978 Zunino, M., 1978. L'armatura genitale negli Onthophagini: Tecniche di preparazione e criteri di studio. L'informatore del Giovane Entomologo (supl.). Boll. Mus. Zool. Univ. Torino. 90, 1-5.. Genital structures were stored in microvials with glycerin. The structures of the internal sac were drawn using the freehand technique. Photographs were taken with a Zeiss AxioCam ICc1 camera. Photographs were processed using the Zeiss AxioVision 4 image processor. Morphological nomenclature follows Kohlmann (1984Kohlmann, 1984 Kohlmann, B., 1984. Biosistemática de las especies norteamericanas del género Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Folia Entomol. Mex. 60, 3-81., 2000)Kohlmann, 2000 Kohlmann, B., 2000. New species and distribution records of Mesoamerican Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Rev. Biol. Trop. 48, 235-246. and Génier (2015)Génier, 2015 Génier, F., 2015. Ateuchus cujuchi n. sp., a new inquiline species from Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from tuco-tuco burrows from Bolivia. Zootaxa 3946, 146-148..

Results

    Key for the identification of Ateuchus Weber from Mexico (modified from Kohlmann, 1981Kohlmann, 1981 Kohlmann, B., 1981. Nuevas especies de Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) de Mexico. Folia Entomol. Mex. 49, 71-92., 2000Kohlmann, 2000 Kohlmann, B., 2000. New species and distribution records of Mesoamerican Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Rev. Biol. Trop. 48, 235-246.)
  • 1. Eyes viewed from above six times larger than wide ... 2

    - Eyes viewed from above two or three times larger than wide ... 4

  • 2. Anterior pronotal edge with complete margin; base of the head with a wrinkled area (Fig. 3) in the center; sternellum forming a carina along the middle; inquiline of rodent burrows. Mexico (Veracruz) ... A. tuza Kohlmann and Vaz de Mello, sp. nov.

    Figures 1-3
    Ateuchus tuza sp. nov.; 1, dorsal habitus of holotype; 2, ventral habitus of holotype; 3, wrinkled area at the base of the head of a male.

    - Anterior pronotal edge with incomplete margin; base of the head with no wrinkled area; sternellum not forming a carina along the midline; non-inquiline species ... 3

  • 3. Ovoid body; pronotal punctures forming a semi-circle at the middle of the pronotal base; internal sac with a very developed spiny fascia and three copulatory spicules; punctures of the lower surface of the anterior femora fine and uniformly distributed. Mexico to Panama (Sinaloa to Azuero Peninsula) ... rodriguezi (Preudhomme de Borre)

    - Long body; pronotal punctures not forming a semi-circle at the middle part of its pronotal base; internal sac with a weakly developed spiny fascia and two copulatory spicules; punctures of the lower surface of the anterior femora moderate in size and uniformly distributed. Mexico (Higher reaches of the Balsas River Valley; Guerrero, Morelos, and Puebla) ... halffteri Kohlmann

  • 4. Apex of the elytral striae weakly impressed ... 5

    - Apex of the elytral striae strongly impressed ... 6

  • 5. Shagreen elytra; internal sac with a very well developed fascia; pygidium very convex and shagreen in its upper part. Mexico to Colombia (Oaxaca to Chocó). ... candezei Harold

    - Elytra not shagreen; internal sac with a weakly developed fascia; pygidium flat and not shagreen. Mexico and Belize (Atlantic slope; Chiapas, Campeche and Orange Walk) ... laetitiae Kohlmann

  • 6. Length larger than 8 mm, and ventral surface of anterior femur very finely punctate throughout, lacking any larger or coarser punctures (only one female known, 8.4 mm, Necaxa, Puebla) ... hornai (Balthasar)

    Either length shorter than 8 mm or ventral surface of anterior femur with areas of larger or coarser punctures ... 7

  • 7. Ventral surface of anterior femur finely punctate throughout, few larger punctures along posterior edge in some Texan individuals; spermatheca tapering from the accessory gland insertion to apex. USA and Mexico (Texas to Veracruz) ... texanus Robinson

    - Ventral surface of anterior femur coarsely punctate throughout or at its posterior edge or apex; spermatheca uniformly thick throughout. Mexico to Honduras ... 8

  • 8. Ventral surface of anterior femur and pygidium with coarse punctures throughout ... 9

    - Ventral surface of anterior femur with fine punctures throughout or coarse punctures at its apex or at its posterior edge; pygidium finely punctate ... 10

  • 9. Spermatheca ring-like at its base; primary copulatory spicule fine. Mexico (Pacific slope of the Transverse Volcanic System and Sierra Madre del Sur; Jalisco to Oaxaca) ... carolinae Kohlmann

    - Spermatheca not ring-like at its base; primary copulatory spicule massive. Mexico (Transverse Volcanic System; Michoacán to Veracruz) ... klugi (Harold)

  • 10. Anterior pronotal margin almost effaced; pronotal surface moderately to coarsely punctate; pygidium very convex; one of the copulatory hooks of the internal sac is a long and slender filament; one of the apical lamellae of the internal sac has a canoe-like form. Mexico to Nicaragua (Chiapas to Masaya) ... guatemalensis (Bates)

    - Anterior pronotal margin complete; pronotal surface finely punctate, sometimes with some coarse punctures lining the base and margins of the pronotum; pygidium flat to convex; none of the copulatory hooks of the internal sac is filament-like; none of the apical lamellae of the internal sac are canoe-like. Mexico to Honduras ... 11

  • 11. Small species (4.8-5.5 mm); secondary copulatory spicules of the internal sac very small. Mexico (Veracruz to Yucatán) ... perezvelai Kohlmann

    - Big species (6-8.5 mm); size of the secondary copulatory spicules of the internal sac small to big. Mexico to Honduras (Tamaulipas to La Paz) ... 12

  • 12. Copulatory spicules of the internal sac subequal and spine-like; no spiny facies present around the copulatory spicules. Mexico (Chiapas) ... gershensoni Kohlmann

    - Secondary copulatory spicules of the internal sac smaller than the primary one; spiny facies present or not around the copulatory spicules ... 13

  • 13. Elongate, convex and broad body (4.0-4.5 mm); eyes dorsally two times longer than wide. Mexico (Tamaulipas to Chiapas) ... illaesum (Harold)

    - Oblong, very convex and broad body (5.0-5.5 mm); eyes seen dorsally three times longer than wide. Mexico to Honduras (Chiapas to La Paz) ... chrysopyge (Bates)

Ateuchus tuza Kohlmann and Vaz de Mello, sp. nov.

(Figs. 1-4)

Type locality: MEXICO: VERACRUZ, Dos Amates (Catemaco), elev. 300-600 m (18º 29' 21" N, 95º 03' 35" W)

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other Ateuchus species by the following combination of characters: Long and slender body; dorsum glossy; clypeus bidentate; head simply convex, lacking carina or tubercle; base of the head with a small wrinkled area in the center; anterior border of pronotum continuous, posterior border of pronotum with an area of dense and coarse punctures medially; elytral lateral portion rounded; sternellum forming a carina in the middle; pygidium slightly convex, lightly shagreen, and inconspicuously punctate.

Description. Holotype male (Figs. 1-4). Body. Elongate (Figs. 1-2), convex dorsally (Fig. 1). Size. Total length 10.0 mm. Maximum width 5.5 mm. Color. Dark reddish brown to black, lacking metallic sheen. Head. Clypeal margin anteriorly broadly V-shaped (Figs. 1-2); anterior margin slightly upturned, gena and frons coarsely wrinkled, vertex coarsely punctate, base of head with a small wrinkled area in the center (Fig. 3), eyes viewed from above six times longer than wide. Pronotum. Transverse, strongly convex, surface glossy; anterior pronotal margin complete; midline weakly impressed at base; pronotal surface punctate throughout, a group of coarse punctures at the center of the pronotal base (Fig. 1); lateral pronotal fossae shallow. Elytra. (Fig. 1). Striae fine, shallowly impressed on disk, becoming well defined and deeply impressed on apical declivity; strial punctures elongate-crenulate, slightly wider than stria, separated by 2-3 diameters on disk and apical declivity. Interstriae slightly convex on disk, surface minutely punctate throughout. Thoracic sterna. (Fig. 2). Proepisternum excavate anteriorly, surface of excavated portion granulate, with fine and rather long setae, bordered posteriorly by a well-defined keel. Proepimeron finely wrinkled. Sternellum glabrous and forming a keel at its center. Mesometasternal suture arched medially, marginal bead fine. Mesosternum coarsely punctured forming rugulae. Mesepisternum flat, surface-forming rugulae. Metasternum evenly convex, disk evidently punctate, surface glossy between punctures, lateral lobes forming rugulae; midline clearly impressed along three fourths of its length. Legs. (Figs. 1-2). Foretibia with four teeth on outer margin, the basal one weakly developed; foretibial spur expanded and truncate apically; foretibiae and forefemora long and slender; forefemur smooth, finely punctate throughout. Metatibiae obliquely truncate apically; apical spur spiniform. Abdomen. (Fig. 2). Sternites 3-7 crenulately punctate along their anterior borders. Last abdominal segment slender. Pygidium slightly convex and lightly shagreen with indistinct punctuation; basal sulcus fine and deep throughout; marginal bead continuous. Male genitalia. Parameres simple, tapering to apex in lateral view, apical portion rounded in dorsal view. The internal sac of the aedeagus with three hooks, two spine-like and one spoon-like (Fig. 4).

Figures 4-5
A. tuza sp. nov.; 4, drawing of the internal sac, line equals 1 mm; 5, A. hornai (Balthasar, 1939Balthasar, 1939 Balthasar, V., 1939. Neue Choeridium-Arten (Ins Col.). Senckenbergiana 21, 44-66.), dorsal habitus of the female holotype.

Allotype: Female. Total length 9.5 mm. Maximum width 5.0 mm. Same as male with the following sexual differences: clypeal margin anteriorly, not so broadly V-shaped; lateral pronotal margin not arched; last abdominal segment broader medially; foretibiae and forefemora shorter and foretibial spurs slender and slightly bent at tip; pygidium not as long.

Variation: Total length 9.5-10 mm. Maximum width 5.0-5.5 mm.

Material examined (34 specimens): Holotype. Male: México: Veracruz: Dos Amates (Catemaco), 8-V-1968, P. Reyes, M. Cabrera cols. Nido de tuza. Cámara de desechos (CEMT). Allotype. Female: ibidem, one female. Paratypes. ibidem, six males, four females (three males and three females at CEMT; one male, Gonzalo Halffter personal collection, Coatepec, Mexico; one male and one female at Bert Kohlmann personal collection, Las Mercedes de Guácimo, Costa Rica; one male to be deposited at Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada); one male, one female, Entomological Collection at the Institute of Ecology, Xalapa, Mexico (IEXA), México: Oaxaca, Sta. María Chimalapas, 12-VI-2015, colecta directa, dentro de madriguera de tuza, J. Luis S. Huerta col.; five males, seven females, ibidem, 16-VI-2015; two males, two females, ibidem, 18-VI-2015; one male, one female, ibidem, 19-VI-2015; two females, ibidem, 22-VI-2015.

Remarks: This is the first North American inquiline Ateuchus species collected from a pocket gopher burrow.

Etymology: The name tuza, a name in apposition, is the hispanized common name of the indigenous nahuatl word tozan, given to the beaver-looking subterranean rodent, where the new Ateuchus species was found.

Geographical distribution: The new species is so far only known from the locality of Dos Amates, Catemaco, in the state of Veracruz, and the locality of Santa María Chimalapas, Oaxaca, Mexico.

Habitat: The new species was collected in the waste chamber of a pocket gopher (Rodentia: Geomydae) burrow during the month of May. Although the rodent of the original collection site was not identified at the time, it is most likely that the specimens were found inside the nest of Orthogeomys hispidus (Le Conte).

Chorological affinities: Interestingly, this new Ateuchus species is found under similar ecological conditions, a lowland tropical area, as Ateuchus cujuchi Génier, the other known inquiline rodent burrow Ateuchus species from Bolivia (Génier, 2015Génier, 2015 Génier, F., 2015. Ateuchus cujuchi n. sp., a new inquiline species from Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from tuco-tuco burrows from Bolivia. Zootaxa 3946, 146-148.). A. cujuchi was collected in a Ctenomys burrow, a rodent belonging to a different family, Ctenomydae, as the one collected in Mexico.

Taxonomic relationships: The shape of the body of this species resembles the South American species apicatum (Harold, 1867) and is clearly not related to the known body shape of the North or Central American Ateuchus species. The new species will key to couplet 23/24 (apicatum) in Balthasar's (1939) key. It can be easily separated from A. apicatum because of the presence of the small rugose area at the center of the base of the head and the presence of coarse punctures at the middle of the pronotal base. This taxonomic relationship would suggest that Ateuchus species derived of South American lines have adapted to and colonized lowland gopher nests in North America; whereas, in the mountainous areas of North America it is species of the genus Onthophagus, which has adapted to colonizing gopher nests (Anduaga and Halffter, 1991Anduaga and Halffter, 1991 Anduaga, S., Halffter, G., 1991. Escarabajos asociados a madrigueras de roedores (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Folia Entomol. Mex. 81, 185-197.; Lobo and Halffter, 1994Lobo and Halffter, 1994 Lobo, J.M., Halffter, G., 1994. Relaciones entre escarabajos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) y nidos de tuza (Rodentia: Geomydae): Implicaciones biológicas y biogeográficas. Acta Zool. Mex. 62, 1-9.; Zunino and Halffter, 2007Zunino and Halffter, 2007 Zunino, M., Halffter, G., 2007. The association of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) with vertebrate burrows and caves. Elytron 2, 17-55.).

This new species shows adaptations to living in an environment devoid of light, like the subterranean gopher nest. First, the dorsal eye area is very small. Second, the aforementioned rugose area at the base of the head is a stridulation mechanism, similar to those found at the base of the head of Uroxys, as found in U. microcularis Howden and Young, U. micros Bates and U. platypyga Howden and Young (Delgado and Kohlmann, 2007Delgado and Kohlmann, 2007 Delgado, L., Kohlmann, B., 2007. Revisión de lase species del género Uroxys Westwood de México y Guatemala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Folia Entomol. Mex. 46, 1-36.; Solís and Kohlmann, 2013Solís and Kohlmann, 2013 Solís, A., Kohlmann, B., 2013. El género Uroxys (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en Costa Rica. G. It. Ent. 13, 289-340.), and most probably helps in the communication process of this species.

New distribution records of and notes on Ateuchus Weber from Mexico and Central America

Ateuchus guatemalensis (Bates), 1887

This species has been recorded from Chiapas, Guatemala and Honduras. It is here recorded for the first time from Nicaragua.

Nicaragua: Jinotega: Cerro Kilambe, Camp 5, Las Torres, UTM-16P-1500283-0639500, 1200 m, 23/30-IV-2001, col. J. Sunyer y B. Hernández (5 specimens at CEMT); Masaya: Las Flores, VII-1998, col. J. Téllez (1 specimen at CEMT).

Ateuchus hornai (Balthasar, 1939Balthasar, 1939 Balthasar, V., 1939. Neue Choeridium-Arten (Ins Col.). Senckenbergiana 21, 44-66.), new combination (valid species)

(Fig. 5)

This species was previously considered a synonym of A. illaesum based on the original description, since the holotype was not available for study at the time (Kohlmann, 1984Kohlmann, 1984 Kohlmann, B., 1984. Biosistemática de las especies norteamericanas del género Ateuchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Folia Entomol. Mex. 60, 3-81.). The examination of the female holotype found in the Natural History Museum in Prague, Czech Republic (Bezdek and Hajek, 2011Bezdek and Hajek, 2011 Bezdek, A., Hajek, J., 2011. Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague Czech Republic: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini and Canthonini. Acta Ent. Mus. Nat. Prag. 51, 349-378.), allowed us to consider it a valid species, distinguishable by the characters in the key presented herein. We suspect the type locality (Necaxa, Puebla, México) to be wrong, and we hope that a male will be collected in order to prepare a more thorough description of this interesting species.

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Vinicio Sosa from the Institute of Ecology, Xalapa, Mexico, for his information regarding the possible identity of the rodent, where the new Ateuchus species was collected. We also thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, who most graciously donated the optical equipment used in this study, as part of the support given to the first author (B.K.), during his sabbatical stay at the Technical University of Dresden in 2010. We thank Jiri Hajek, National Museum, Prague, for the kindness of preparing the pictures of the holotype of Choeridium hornai that was examined by F.Z.V.M. during a sabbatical year 2013-14 granted by CNPq (202327/2013-2), with one trip to Prague funded by F.Z.V.M. is a CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) fellow (302997/2013-0 and 306745/2016-0) and is granted by FAPEMAT (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso (PRONEM 568005/2014) and CNPq (405697/2013-9, 440604/2015-0)). B.K. had the possibility to visit Cuiabá in Brazil thanks to a FAPEMAT (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso) grant for improvement of the internationalization of the Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of Biodiversity of Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT). Last but not least, we thank Kent McLeod for revising the English language.

References

  • Anduaga and Halffter, 1991
    Anduaga, S., Halffter, G., 1991. Escarabajos asociados a madrigueras de roedores (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Folia Entomol. Mex. 81, 185-197.
  • Balthasar, 1939
    Balthasar, V., 1939. Neue Choeridium-Arten (Ins Col.). Senckenbergiana 21, 44-66.
  • Bezdek and Hajek, 2011
    Bezdek, A., Hajek, J., 2011. Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague Czech Republic: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini and Canthonini. Acta Ent. Mus. Nat. Prag. 51, 349-378.
  • Delgado and Kohlmann, 2007
    Delgado, L., Kohlmann, B., 2007. Revisión de lase species del género Uroxys Westwood de México y Guatemala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Folia Entomol. Mex. 46, 1-36.
  • Génier, 2015
    Génier, F., 2015. Ateuchus cujuchi n. sp., a new inquiline species from Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from tuco-tuco burrows from Bolivia. Zootaxa 3946, 146-148.
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  • Kohlmann and Halffter, 1988
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  • Kohlmann and Solís, 2009
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  • Kohlmann and Solís, 2012
    Kohlmann, B., Solís, A., 2012. New species and revalidations of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Geotrupinae and Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama. Zootaxa 3193, 28-52.
  • Lobo and Halffter, 1994
    Lobo, J.M., Halffter, G., 1994. Relaciones entre escarabajos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) y nidos de tuza (Rodentia: Geomydae): Implicaciones biológicas y biogeográficas. Acta Zool. Mex. 62, 1-9.
  • Solís and Kohlmann, 2013
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  • Zunino, 1978
    Zunino, M., 1978. L'armatura genitale negli Onthophagini: Tecniche di preparazione e criteri di studio. L'informatore del Giovane Entomologo (supl.). Boll. Mus. Zool. Univ. Torino. 90, 1-5.
  • Zunino and Halffter, 2007
    Zunino, M., Halffter, G., 2007. The association of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) with vertebrate burrows and caves. Elytron 2, 17-55.

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    Apr-Jun 2018

History

  • Received
    10 Nov 2017
  • Accepted
    18 Jan 2018
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