New species of Claudiotendipes Andersen, Mendes & Pinho and Tapajos Trivinho-Strixino, Silva & Oliveira from Brazil (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironominae)

ABSTRACT

Two recently revealed genera, Claudiotendipes, consisting of three distinct species, and the monotypic Tapajos, have new species described. We describe and figure Claudiotendipes gilbertoi sp. n., based on male adult specimens collected in the southern Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Sul State. Additionally, we describe and figure Tapajos froehlichi sp. n., from male adults collected in the Amazon Forest from Amazonas and Rondônia States. In order to place the newly described T. froehlichi sp. n., minor emendations have been made to the diagnosis and description of Tapajos.

Keywords:
Taxonomy; Neotropical; Description; Aquatic Insect

Introduction

The genus Claudiotendipes Andersen, Mendes & Pinho is composed of three species endemic to the Neotropical region: C. froehlichi Andersen, Mendes & Pinho, 2017 from Brazil, C. epleri Andersen, Mendes & Pinho, 2017 from Costa Rica and C. bolivianus Andersen, 2018 from Bolivia (Andersen et al., 2017; Andersen, 2018). The only species in the genus with known immatures is C. froehlichi, and the larvae are found in leaf debris in low order streams (Andersen et al., 2017). A key to the males is given by Andersen (2018).

Tapajos Trivinho-Strixino, Silva & Oliveira is a monotypic genus also endemic to the Neotropical region. The genus was erected based on T. cristinae Trivinho-Strixino, Silva & Oliveira, 2013 from central and northern Brazil by Trivinho-Strixino et al. (2013). The immatures are unknown.

After analysis of samples of adults collected in Amazon and Atlantic Forest, two new species of these genera were found and are here described and figured: Claudiotendipes gilbertoi sp. n., collected in southern Atlantic Forest from Rio Grande do Sul State and Tapajos froehlichi sp. n. collected in Amazon Forest from Amazonas and Rondônia States, Brazil.

Materials and methods

Alcohol-preserved specimens were dissected and slide-mounted in Euparal®. Morphological terminology and abbreviations follow Sæther (1980). Measurements are taken according to Epler (1988) and given as ranges. The distribution map was created using SimpleMappr (Shorthouse, 2010).

Type material is deposited at INPA (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil) and CE-MHS (Entomological Collection of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil).

Results and discussion

Claudiotendipes gilbertoi sp. n. (Figs. 1 and 3)

Figure 1
Claudiotendipes gilbertoi sp. n., male. (A) Wing; (B) Hypopygium, dorsal view; (C) Hypopygium with anal point and tergite IX removed, dorsal aspect to the left and ventral aspect to the right.

Figure 3
Distribution of Tapajos Trivinho-Strixino, Silva & Oliveira and Claudiotendipes Andersen, Mendes & Pinho.

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Diagnosis: The new species can be separated from its congeners by combination of a gently curved superior volsella, AR 0.43–0.69 and dark brown coloration of head and abdomen.

Male (n = 3, unless otherwise stated): Total length 2.73–3.12 mm. Wing length 1.59–1.98 mm. Total length / wing length 1.57–1.86. Wing length / length of profemur 2.32–2.61.

Coloration: Antenna and legs light brown; head and thorax dark brown; abdomen dark brown; wings hyaline without markings.

Antenna: AR 0.43–0.69. Ultimate flagellomere 196–323 µm long.

Head: Temporal setae 12. Clypeus with 10–11 setae. Frontal tubercle barely indicated as pale area. Tentorium 105–120 µm long, 25–27 µm wide. Stipes 117–125 µm long. Palp segment lengths (in µm): 35–40; 37–50; 154 (1); 149 (1); 234 (1). Third palpomere with 2 sensilla, longest 12 µm long.

Thorax: Antepronotum bare. Dorsocentrals 9–12; acrostichals 12–14, starting close to antepronotum; prealars 3. Scutellum with 6–10 setae, uniserial.

Wing (Fig. 1A): VR 1.29–1.33. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 17–18, R₁ with 9–11, R₄₊₅ with 29–36 setae, other veins and cells bare. Squama bare.

Legs: Scale of fore tibia 6–8 µm long; spur of mid tibia 44–49 µm long, of hind tibia 34–49 µm long. Comb on mid tibia 39–49 µm long, of hind tibia 54–59 µm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 44–59 µm, of mid tibia 49–59 µm, of hind tibia 59–74 µm. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1.

Table 1
Lengths (in μm) and proportions of leg segments in Claudiotendipes gilbertoi sp. n., adult male (n = 3, unless otherwise stated).

	Fe	Ti	ta1	ta2	ta3
p1	683–805	610–781	781(1)	390(1)	293(1)
p2	732–903	610–781	390–439(2)	171–220(2)	146–171(2)
p3	805–976	659–854	708(1)	390(1)	317(1)
	ta4	ta5	LR	BV	SV
p1	244(1)	98(1)	1.07(1)	2.26(1)	1.97(1)
p2	97–99(2)	72–74(2)	0.56–0.64(2)	3.55–3.78(2)	3.44–3.83(2)
p3	171(1)	98(1)	0.83(1)	2.60(1)	2.59(1)

Hypopygium (Figs. 1B and C): Tergite IX covered with microtrichia, without median setae, and with small projections at each side of anal point; laterosternite IX with 2 setae. Anal point nearly parallel-sided, 30–37 µm long, 7–8 µm wide, with 2–3 setae to each side of base. Transverse sternapodeme 67–72 µm long, nearly straight. Phallapodeme not measurable. Gonocoxite 115–149 µm long. Superior volsella gently curved, 62–77 µm long, with 2 dorsal and 1 apical seta. Median volsella 5–7 µm long, with 1 seta. Inferior volsella 62–67 µm long, with 2 simple setae and 1 stout apical seta on main branch and 5 bifid to trifid setae on side-branch. Gonostylus 112–127 µm long. HR 1.00–1.13. HV 2.43–2.84.

Female and immatures: Unknown.

Type material: Holotype male, slide-mounted, BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul, Jaquirana, Rio Tainhas, Passo da Ilha, 29°05’11”S 50°21’52”W, 10.xi.2007, light trap, coll. L.M. Fusari & A.M.O. Pes (INPA). Paratypes: 1 male, slide-mounted, same data as previous (INPA). 1 male, slide-mounted, BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul, Cambará do Sul, PARNA Serra Geral, Córrego Lagoa Suspensa, 25.ix.2016, sweeping, coll. T. Duarte et al. (CE-MHS).

Etymology: The species is in honor of Professor Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich, for the enormous contribution to research on systematics of aquatic insects from the Neotropical region.

Remarks: The new species resembles C. bolivianus by having general brown coloration (C. froehlichi and C. epleri are pale), but is easily distinguished by the gently curved superior volsella and bifid to trifid setae on side branch of inferior volsella. C. bolivianus has medially bent superior volsella and simple setae on side branch of inferior volsella.

Distribution: The species occurs in Atlantic forest from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil (Fig. 3).

Tapajos froehlichi sp. n. (Figs. 2 and 3)

Figure 2
Tapajos froehlichi sp. n., male. (A) Wing; (B) Thorax, lateral view; (C) Hypopygium, dorsal view; (D) Hypopygium with anal point and tergite IX removed, dorsal aspect to the left and ventral aspect to the right.

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Diagnosis: The new species can be separated Tapajos cristinae by having squama bare, scutellum without setae and posterior margin of tergite IX quadrate.

Male (n = 2, unless otherwise stated): Total length 1.79–2.19 mm. Wing length 0.97–1.02 mm. Total length/wing length 1.99–2.07. Wing length/length of profemur 2.34–2.44.

Coloration: Antenna, legs and thorax medium brown; head light brown; abdomen uniformly light brown; wings hyaline without markings.

Antenna: AR 1.29 (1). Ultimate flagellomere 417 (1) µm long.

Head: Temporal setae 6–9, uniserial. Clypeus with 10–11 setae. Frontal tubercle 5 µm long. Tentorium 50–75 µm long, 17–22 µm wide. Stipes 82–85 µm long. Palp segment lengths (in µm): 18–20; 18–20; 55(1); 72(1); 105(1). Third palpomere with 2(1) sensilla, longest 15(1) µm long.

Thorax (Fig. 2B): Dorsocentrals 6; acrostichals 8–10, starting close to antepronotum; prealars 2. Scutellum without setae. Squama bare.

Wing (Fig. 2A): VR 1.28–1.33. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R₄₊₅ with 2 setae at apex, other veins and cells bare. Squama bare.

Legs: Inner scale of fore tibia 12–17 µm long; spurs of mid tibia 30–42 and 17–27 µm long, of hind tibia 22–32 and 20–25 µm long. Comb on mid tibia 25–30 and 16–18 µm long, of hind tibia 42–45 and 16–18 µm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 37–42 µm, of mid tibia 37–42 µm, of hind tibia 42–45 µm. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 2.

Table 2
Lengths (in μm) and proportions of leg segments in Tapajos froehlichi sp. n., adult male (n = 2, unless otherwise stated).

	Fe	Ti	ta1	ta2	ta3
p1	355–433	227–276	-	-	-
p2	345–394	286–364	167(1)	79(1)	49(1)
p3	384–463	355–433	-	-	-
	ta4	ta5	LR	BV	SV
p1	-	-	-	-	-
p2	30(1)	30(1)	0.59(1)	4.26(1)	3.76(1)
p3	-	-	-	-	-

Hypopygium (Figs. 2C and D): Tergite IX with quadrate posterior margin, bearing four 4 setae each side; with 1–2 median setae; tergal band well developed; laterosternite IX without setae. Anal point parallel-sided, 17–30 µm long, 5–6 µm wide, with 2 setae to each side of base. Transverse sternapodeme 27–30 µm long. Phallapodeme 40–50 µm long. Gonocoxite 77–85 µm long. Superior volsella with a 25–32 µm long bare dorsal lobe and a 30–37 µm long densely trichiose ventral lobe, with 4 short basal inner setae. Inferior volsella 40–50 µm long, with 4 apical setae. Gonostylus 75–90 µm long. HR 0.94–1.03. HV 5.69–6.06.

Female and immatures: Unknown.

Type material: Holotype male, slide-mounted, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Serrinha, Rio Aracá, 00°24’39”N 63°23’12”W, 29.vii.2009, 69m alt., light trap, PRONEX Program, coll. N. Hamada, A.M.O. Pes, R.L.F. Keppler, C.A.S. Azevedo & C. Monteiro (INPA). Paratypes: 1 male, slide-mounted, BRAZIL, Rondônia, Candeias do Jamari, Rio Preto, Ponte de madeira, 08°52’40”S 63°38’02”W, 19–20.vii.2012, light trap, coll. R. Boldrini & A.S. Fernandes (CE-MHS).

Etymology: The species is in honor of Professor Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich, for the enormous contribution to research on systematics of aquatic insects from the Neotropical region.

Remarks:Tapajos froehlichi sp. n. matches the generic diagnostic characters proposed by Trivinho-Strixino et al. (2013) in all characters except for the inferior volsella slightly expanded, which is distally parallel-sided in the new species. Besides this character, description of the genus should be emended as follows: AR 1.3–2.5; temporal setae uni- to biserial; scutellum with or without setae; squama bare to setose.

Distribution: The species occurs in Amazon forest from Amazonas and Rondônia state, northern Brazil (Fig. 3).

Acknowledgements

We are indebted to Dr. Neusa Hamada (INPA) for the loan of material from the project “Insetos aquáticos: biodiversidade, ferramentas ambientais e a popularização da ciência para melhoria da qualidade de vida humana no estado do Amazonas” supported by PRONEX/ CNPq - FAPEAM and Drs. Pitágoras C. Bispo (UNESP), Rafael Boldrini (UFRR) for providing material and supporting fieldwork for this research.

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References

• Andersen, T., 2018. A new species of Claudiotendipes Andersen, Mendes & Pinho, 2017 from Bolivia (Diptera, Chironomidae). Nor. J. Entomol. 65, 22-25.
• Andersen, T., Mendes, H. F., Pinho, L. C., 2017. Two new Neotropical Chironominae genera (Diptera: chironomidae). Chironomus 30 (30), 26-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/cjcr.v0i30.2029
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/cjcr.v0i30.2029
• Epler, J. H., 1988. Biosystematics of the genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the world. Mem. Am. Entomol. Soc. 36, 1-124.
• Sæther, O. A., 1980. Glossary of Chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: chironomidae). Entomol. Scand. 14 (Suppl.), 1-51.
• Shorthouse, D. P., 2010. SimpleMappr, an Online Tool to Produce Publication-Quality Point Maps. Available in: www.simplemappr.net (accessed 18 September 2023).
  » www.simplemappr.net
• Trivinho-Strixino, S., Silva, F. L., Oliveira, C. S. N., 2013. Tapajos cristinae gen. n., sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 3710 (4), 395-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.9
  » http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.9

Edited by

Associate Editor: Adolfo Calor

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  27 Nov 2023
• Date of issue
  2023

History

• Received
  14 Aug 2023
• Accepted
  18 Oct 2023