Frações de boro e índices de disponibilidade em solos do estado do Ceará

Ferreyra H., F. F.; Silva, F. R.

doi:10.1590/S0100-06831999000200006

Resumos

Em 29 amostras superficiais (0-20 cm) de solos do estado do Ceará, foram determinadas diferentes frações de boro e estabelecidas relações com algumas propriedades do solo e com o boro solúvel, usado como índice de disponibilidade para as plantas. As frações de boro foram analisadas, seguindo-se um esquema de fracionamento seqüencial. Determinaram-se o boro solúvel em água (B-Sol), o boro não especificamente adsorvido (B-NEsAd), o boro especificamente adsorvido (B-EsAd), o boro associado a óxidos de Mn (B-OxMn), o boro associado a óxidos de Fe e Al amorfo (B-OxFeA) e a óxidos de Fe e Al cristalino (B-OxFeC), e o boro residual (B-Res). Também foram determinados o boro total (B-Total) e o solúvel em três extratores: água quente, HCl 0,05 mol L-1 e manitol 0,05 mol L-1 + CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1. O teor de boro total nos solos variou de 10,5 a 24,0 mg kg-1 (média de 14,4 mg kg-1). As frações B-Sol, B-NEsAd e B-EsAd apresentaram teores entre 0,05 e 0,79 mg kg-1, representando entre 0,3 a 4,4% do B-Total. Dentre os óxidos, houve predominância do B-OxFeC (média de 4,4 mg kg-1) com teores entre 1 a 2 vezes superiores aos de B-OxFeA (média de 2,72 mg kg-1). Na maioria dos solos, a fração predominante foi o B-Res (média de 6,22 mg kg-1), ocluso em minerais silicatados, com teores que variaram de 19,6 a 70,7% do B-Total. Os valores de B disponível, nos três extratores, correlacionaram-se de forma altamente significativa entre si e com as frações B-Sol, B-NEsAd e B-EsAd. A matéria orgânica e a argila foram as propriedades que se correlacionaram melhor com o B-Sol, B-NEsAd e B-EsAd.

boro disponível; propriedades do solo; micronutriente; fracioanmento

Different soil boron fractions were evaluated from 29 superficial (0-20 cm) soil samples in Ceará, Brazil. Relationships were established between soil fractions and soil properties and soluble boron, which has been used as an index of boron availability to the plants. Fractional boron analyses of the soils were carried out following a sequential procedure. The following determinations were carried out: the water soluble boron (B-Sol), the not specifically adsorbed boron (B-NEsAd), the boron associated to manganese oxide (B-OxMn), the boron associated to Fe and Al amorphous oxides (B-OxFeA), the boron associated to Fe and Al crystalline oxides (B-OxFeC) and the residual boron (B-Res). The total boron (B-Total) was assessed as well as the available boron by means of three extractors: hot water (B-H2Oq), 0.05 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid (B-HCl) and 0.05 mol L-1 mannitol+ 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 (B-Man). B-Sol, B-NEsAd and EsAd have exhibited amounts ranging from 0.05 to 0.79 mg kg-1, which represents 0.3 to 4.43% of the B-Total. Among the oxides there was a predominance of B-OxFeC with fractions 1 to 2 times higher than those of B-OxFeA. In all soil samples, the B-Res (occluded in silicate minerals) was the predominant fraction, with amounts ranging from 19.6 to 70.7% of the B-Total. The available B, values removed by the three extractors, were highly correlated among themselves and with B-H2O, B-NEsAd and B-EsAd fractions. Clay and organic matter were the properties which best correlated with the B-Sol, B-NEsAd and B-EsAd.

available boron; soil properties; micronutrient; fractionation

SEÇÃO II - QUÍMICA E MINERALOGIA DO SOLO

Frações de boro e índices de disponibilidade em solos do estado do Ceará(¹ (1 ) Trabalho financiado pelo CNPq. )

Boron fractions and availability indices in soils of Ceará, Brazil

F. F. Ferreyra H.^I; F. R. Silva^II

^IProfessor Titular do Departamento de Ciências do Solo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Caixa Postal 12.168, CEP 60021-970 Fortaleza (CE). Bolsista do CNPq

^IIPesquisadora do Departamento de Ciências do Solo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFC

RESUMO

Em 29 amostras superficiais (0-20 cm) de solos do estado do Ceará, foram determinadas diferentes frações de boro e estabelecidas relações com algumas propriedades do solo e com o boro solúvel, usado como índice de disponibilidade para as plantas. As frações de boro foram analisadas, seguindo-se um esquema de fracionamento seqüencial. Determinaram-se o boro solúvel em água (B-Sol), o boro não especificamente adsorvido (B-NEsAd), o boro especificamente adsorvido (B-EsAd), o boro associado a óxidos de Mn (B-OxMn), o boro associado a óxidos de Fe e Al amorfo (B-OxFeA) e a óxidos de Fe e Al cristalino (B-OxFeC), e o boro residual (B-Res). Também foram determinados o boro total (B-Total) e o solúvel em três extratores: água quente, HCl 0,05 mol L^-1 e manitol 0,05 mol L^-1 + CaCl₂ 0,01 mol L^-1. O teor de boro total nos solos variou de 10,5 a 24,0 mg kg^-1 (média de 14,4 mg kg^-1). As frações B-Sol, B-NEsAd e B-EsAd apresentaram teores entre 0,05 e 0,79 mg kg^-1, representando entre 0,3 a 4,4% do B-Total. Dentre os óxidos, houve predominância do B-OxFeC (média de 4,4 mg kg^-1) com teores entre 1 a 2 vezes superiores aos de B-OxFeA (média de 2,72 mg kg^-1). Na maioria dos solos, a fração predominante foi o B-Res (média de 6,22 mg kg^-1), ocluso em minerais silicatados, com teores que variaram de 19,6 a 70,7% do B-Total. Os valores de B disponível, nos três extratores, correlacionaram-se de forma altamente significativa entre si e com as frações B-Sol, B-NEsAd e B-EsAd. A matéria orgânica e a argila foram as propriedades que se correlacionaram melhor com o B-Sol, B-NEsAd e B-EsAd.

Termos de indexação: boro disponível, propriedades do solo, micronutriente, fracioanmento.

SUMMARY

Different soil boron fractions were evaluated from 29 superficial (0-20 cm) soil samples in Ceará, Brazil. Relationships were established between soil fractions and soil properties and soluble boron, which has been used as an index of boron availability to the plants. Fractional boron analyses of the soils were carried out following a sequential procedure. The following determinations were carried out: the water soluble boron (B-Sol), the not specifically adsorbed boron (B-NEsAd), the boron associated to manganese oxide (B-OxMn), the boron associated to Fe and Al amorphous oxides (B-OxFeA), the boron associated to Fe and Al crystalline oxides (B-OxFeC) and the residual boron (B-Res). The total boron (B-Total) was assessed as well as the available boron by means of three extractors: hot water (B-H₂Oq), 0.05 mol L^-1 hydrochloric acid (B-HCl) and 0.05 mol L^-1 mannitol+ 0.01 mol L^-1 CaCl₂ (B-Man). B-Sol, B-NEsAd and EsAd have exhibited amounts ranging from 0.05 to 0.79 mg kg^-1, which represents 0.3 to 4.43% of the B-Total. Among the oxides there was a predominance of B-OxFeC with fractions 1 to 2 times higher than those of B-OxFeA. In all soil samples, the B-Res (occluded in silicate minerals) was the predominant fraction, with amounts ranging from 19.6 to 70.7% of the B-Total. The available B, values removed by the three extractors, were highly correlated among themselves and with B-H₂O, B-NEsAd and B-EsAd fractions. Clay and organic matter were the properties which best correlated with the B-Sol, B-NEsAd and B-EsAd.

Index terms: available boron, soil properties, micronutrient, fractionation.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em julho de 1997

Aprovado em dezembro de 1998

BATAGLIA, O.C. & RAIJ, B. van. Eficiência de extratores na determinação de boro em solos. R. Bras. Ci. Solo, 14:25-31, 1990.
BERGER, K.C. & TRUOG, E. Boron determination in soils and plants. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed., 11:540-544, 1939.
BIGGAR, J.W. & FIREMAN, M. Boron adsorption and release by soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 24:205-210, 1960.
BISWAPATI, M. & KUMAR DE, D. Depthwise distribution of extractable boron in some acidic Incepptisols of India. Soil Sci., 155:256-262, 1993.
CATANI, R.A.; ALCARDE, J.C. & KROLL, F.M. Extração e determinação do boro solúvel dos solos. An. ESALQ, Piracicaba, 27:287-294, 1970.
CARTWRIGHT, B.; TILLER, K.G.; ZARCINAS, B.A, & SPOUNCER, L.R. The chemical assessment of boron status of soils. Aust. J. Soil Res., 21:321-332, 1983.
CHAO, T.T. Selective dissolution of manganese oxides from soils and sediments with acidified NH₂OH.HCl. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36:764-768, 1972.
CHAO, T.T. & ZHOU, L. Extraction techniques for selective dissolution of amorphous iron oxides from soils and sediments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 47:225-232, 1983.
CORREA, A.E.; PAVAN, M.A. & MIYAZAWA, M. Aplicação de boro no solo e respostas do cafeeiro. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 20:177-181, 1985.
ELSEEWI, A.A. & ELMALKY, A.E. Boron distribution in soils and waters of Egypt. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 43:297-300, 1979.
EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA - EMBRAPA. Manual de Métodos de Análise de Solos. 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro, 1997. 212p.
GESTRING, E.D. & SOLTANPOUR, P.N. Evaluation of ammonium bicarbonate- DTPA soil test for assessing boron availability to alfafa. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48:96-100, 1984.
GESTRING, E.D. & SOLTANPOUR, P.N. Comparison of soil tests for assessing boron toxicity to alfafa. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 51:1214-1219, 1987.
GOLDBERG, S. Chemistry and mineralogy of boron in soils. In: GUPTA, U.C. Boron and its role in crop production. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1993. p.3-44.
GOLDBERG, S., Reactions of boron with soils. Pl ant Soil, 193:35-48, 1997
HARRISON, R.M.; LAXE, D.P.H. & WILSON, S.J. Chemical association of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in street dusts and roadside soils. Environ. Qual., Sci. Technol., 15:1378-1383, 1981.
HATCHER, J.T.; BOWER, C.A. & CLARK, M. Adsorption of boron by soils as influenced by hydroxy aluminum and surface area. Soil Sci., 104:422-426, 1967.
HINGSTON, F.J. Reaction between boron and clays. Aust. J. Soil Res., 2:83-95, 1964.
HOU, J.; EVANS, L.J. & SPIERS, G.A. Boron fractionation in soils. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 25:1841-1853, 1994.
HOU, J.; EVANS, L.J. & SPIERS, G.A. Chemical fractionation of soil boron: I. Method development. Can J. Soil Sci., 485-491, 1996.
JACKSON, M.L. Analisis químico de suelos. 2.ed. Barcelona, Omega, 1970. 662p.
JACOMINE, P.T.K.; ALMEIDA, J.C. & MEDEIROS, L.A.R. Levantamento Exploratório - Reconhecimento de Solos do Estado do Ceará. Recife, MA/DNPEA/SUDENE/DRN, 1973a. v.1. 301p. (Boletim Técnico, 28; Série Pedologia, 16)
JACOMINE, P.T.K.; ALMEIDA, J.C. & MEDEIROS, L.A.R. Levantamento Exploratório - Reconhecimento de Solos do Estado do Ceará. Recife, MA/DNPEA/SUDENE/DRN, 1973b. v.2. 502p. (Boletim Técnico, 28; Série Pedologia, 16)
JEFFREY, A.J. & McCALLURN, L.E. Investigation of a hot 0.01M CaCl₂ soil boron extraction procedure followed by ICP-AES analysis. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 19:663-673, 1988.
JIN-YUN J.; MARTENS, D.C. & ZELAZNY, L.W. Distribution and plant availability of soil boron fractions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 51:1228-1231, 1987.
JIN-YUN J.; MARTENS, D.C. & ZELAZNY, L.W. Plant availability of applied and native boron in soils with diverse properties. Plant Soil, 105:127-132, 1988.
KEREN, R. & BINGHAM, F.T. Boron in water, soil sand plants. In: ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCES. New York, Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, 1985. v.1, p..229-276.
KEREN, R. & MEZUMAN, U. Boron adsorption by clay minerals using a phenomenological equation. Clays Clay Miner., 29:198-204, 1981.
KEREN, R.; GROSSI, P.R. & SPARKS, D.L. Equilibrium and kinetics of borate adsorption-desorption on pyrophylite in aqueous suspensions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58:1116-1122, 1994.
LINDSAY, W.L. Inorganic equilibria affecting micronutrients in soils. In: MORTEVEDT J.J., COX F.R., SHUMAN, L. M. & WELCH, R.M., eds. Micronutients in agriculture. Madison, Soil Science Society of Ammerica, 1991. p.89-112.
PARKER, D.R. & GARDNER, E.H. The determination of hot-water soluble boron in some acid Oregon soils using a modified azomethine-H procedure. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 12:1311-1322, 1981.
PARKS, W.L. & WHITE, J.L. Boron retencion by clay and humus systems saturated with various cations. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 16:298-300, 1952.
PONNAMPERUMA, F.N.; CAYTON, M.T. & LANTIN, R.S. Dilute hydrochloric acid as an extractant for available zinc, copper and boron in rice soil. Plant Soil, 61:297-310, 1981.
SHORROCKS, V.M. The occurrence and correction of boron deficiency. Plant Soil, 193:121-148, 1997
SIMS, J.R. & BINGHAM, F.T. Retencion of boron by layer silicates, sesquioxides, and soil materials. II. Sesquioxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 32:364-369, 1968.
SPOUNCER, L.R.; NABLE, R.O. & CARTWIGHT, B. A procedure for the determination of soluble boron in soils ranging widely in boron concentrations, sodicity, and pH. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 23:441-453, 1992.
TESSIER, A.; CAMPBELL, P.G.C. & BISSON, M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal. Chem., 51:844-851, 1979.
TSADILAS, C.D.; YASSOGLOU, N.; KOSMAS, C.S. & KALLIANOU, C.H. The availability of soil boron fractions to olive trees and barley and their relationships to soil properties. Plant Soil, 162:211-217, 1994.
WOLF, B. The determination of boron in soil extracts, plant materials, composts, water and nutrient solutions. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 2:363-374, 1971.
WOLF, B. Improvents in the azomethine-H method for determination of boron. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 5:39-44, 1974.
YERMIYAHO, U.; KEREN, R. & CHEN, Y. Boron sorption on composted organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 52:1309, 1988.

⁽¹

) Trabalho financiado pelo CNPq.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
07 Out 2014
Data do Fascículo
Jun 1999

Histórico

Recebido
Jul 1997
Aceito
Dez 1998

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BATAGLIA, O.C. & RAIJ, B. van. Eficiência de extratores na determinação de boro em solos. R. Bras. Ci. Solo, 14:25-31, 1990.

[2] BERGER, K.C. & TRUOG, E. Boron determination in soils and plants. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed., 11:540-544, 1939.

[3] BIGGAR, J.W. & FIREMAN, M. Boron adsorption and release by soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 24:205-210, 1960.

[4] BISWAPATI, M. & KUMAR DE, D. Depthwise distribution of extractable boron in some acidic Incepptisols of India. Soil Sci., 155:256-262, 1993.

[5] CATANI, R.A.; ALCARDE, J.C. & KROLL, F.M. Extração e determinação do boro solúvel dos solos. An. ESALQ, Piracicaba, 27:287-294, 1970.

[6] CARTWRIGHT, B.; TILLER, K.G.; ZARCINAS, B.A, & SPOUNCER, L.R. The chemical assessment of boron status of soils. Aust. J. Soil Res., 21:321-332, 1983.

[7] CHAO, T.T. Selective dissolution of manganese oxides from soils and sediments with acidified NH₂OH.HCl. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36:764-768, 1972.

[8] CHAO, T.T. & ZHOU, L. Extraction techniques for selective dissolution of amorphous iron oxides from soils and sediments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 47:225-232, 1983.

[9] CORREA, A.E.; PAVAN, M.A. & MIYAZAWA, M. Aplicação de boro no solo e respostas do cafeeiro. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 20:177-181, 1985.

[10] ELSEEWI, A.A. & ELMALKY, A.E. Boron distribution in soils and waters of Egypt. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 43:297-300, 1979.

[11] EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA - EMBRAPA. Manual de Métodos de Análise de Solos. 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro, 1997. 212p.

[12] GESTRING, E.D. & SOLTANPOUR, P.N. Evaluation of ammonium bicarbonate- DTPA soil test for assessing boron availability to alfafa. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48:96-100, 1984.

[13] GESTRING, E.D. & SOLTANPOUR, P.N. Comparison of soil tests for assessing boron toxicity to alfafa. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 51:1214-1219, 1987.

[14] GOLDBERG, S. Chemistry and mineralogy of boron in soils. In: GUPTA, U.C. Boron and its role in crop production. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1993. p.3-44.

[15] GOLDBERG, S., Reactions of boron with soils. Pl ant Soil, 193:35-48, 1997

[16] HARRISON, R.M.; LAXE, D.P.H. & WILSON, S.J. Chemical association of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in street dusts and roadside soils. Environ. Qual., Sci. Technol., 15:1378-1383, 1981.

[17] HATCHER, J.T.; BOWER, C.A. & CLARK, M. Adsorption of boron by soils as influenced by hydroxy aluminum and surface area. Soil Sci., 104:422-426, 1967.

[18] HINGSTON, F.J. Reaction between boron and clays. Aust. J. Soil Res., 2:83-95, 1964.

[19] HOU, J.; EVANS, L.J. & SPIERS, G.A. Boron fractionation in soils. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 25:1841-1853, 1994.

[20] HOU, J.; EVANS, L.J. & SPIERS, G.A. Chemical fractionation of soil boron: I. Method development. Can J. Soil Sci., 485-491, 1996.

[21] JACKSON, M.L. Analisis químico de suelos. 2.ed. Barcelona, Omega, 1970. 662p.

[22] JACOMINE, P.T.K.; ALMEIDA, J.C. & MEDEIROS, L.A.R. Levantamento Exploratório - Reconhecimento de Solos do Estado do Ceará. Recife, MA/DNPEA/SUDENE/DRN, 1973a. v.1. 301p. (Boletim Técnico, 28; Série Pedologia, 16)

[23] JACOMINE, P.T.K.; ALMEIDA, J.C. & MEDEIROS, L.A.R. Levantamento Exploratório - Reconhecimento de Solos do Estado do Ceará. Recife, MA/DNPEA/SUDENE/DRN, 1973b. v.2. 502p. (Boletim Técnico, 28; Série Pedologia, 16)

[24] JEFFREY, A.J. & McCALLURN, L.E. Investigation of a hot 0.01M CaCl₂ soil boron extraction procedure followed by ICP-AES analysis. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 19:663-673, 1988.

[25] JIN-YUN J.; MARTENS, D.C. & ZELAZNY, L.W. Distribution and plant availability of soil boron fractions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 51:1228-1231, 1987.

[26] JIN-YUN J.; MARTENS, D.C. & ZELAZNY, L.W. Plant availability of applied and native boron in soils with diverse properties. Plant Soil, 105:127-132, 1988.

[27] KEREN, R. & BINGHAM, F.T. Boron in water, soil sand plants. In: ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCES. New York, Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, 1985. v.1, p..229-276.

[28] KEREN, R. & MEZUMAN, U. Boron adsorption by clay minerals using a phenomenological equation. Clays Clay Miner., 29:198-204, 1981.

[29] KEREN, R.; GROSSI, P.R. & SPARKS, D.L. Equilibrium and kinetics of borate adsorption-desorption on pyrophylite in aqueous suspensions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58:1116-1122, 1994.

[30] LINDSAY, W.L. Inorganic equilibria affecting micronutrients in soils. In: MORTEVEDT J.J., COX F.R., SHUMAN, L. M. & WELCH, R.M., eds. Micronutients in agriculture. Madison, Soil Science Society of Ammerica, 1991. p.89-112.

[31] PARKER, D.R. & GARDNER, E.H. The determination of hot-water soluble boron in some acid Oregon soils using a modified azomethine-H procedure. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 12:1311-1322, 1981.

[32] PARKS, W.L. & WHITE, J.L. Boron retencion by clay and humus systems saturated with various cations. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 16:298-300, 1952.

[33] PONNAMPERUMA, F.N.; CAYTON, M.T. & LANTIN, R.S. Dilute hydrochloric acid as an extractant for available zinc, copper and boron in rice soil. Plant Soil, 61:297-310, 1981.

[34] SHORROCKS, V.M. The occurrence and correction of boron deficiency. Plant Soil, 193:121-148, 1997

[35] SIMS, J.R. & BINGHAM, F.T. Retencion of boron by layer silicates, sesquioxides, and soil materials. II. Sesquioxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 32:364-369, 1968.

[36] SPOUNCER, L.R.; NABLE, R.O. & CARTWIGHT, B. A procedure for the determination of soluble boron in soils ranging widely in boron concentrations, sodicity, and pH. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 23:441-453, 1992.

[37] TESSIER, A.; CAMPBELL, P.G.C. & BISSON, M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal. Chem., 51:844-851, 1979.

[38] TSADILAS, C.D.; YASSOGLOU, N.; KOSMAS, C.S. & KALLIANOU, C.H. The availability of soil boron fractions to olive trees and barley and their relationships to soil properties. Plant Soil, 162:211-217, 1994.

[39] WOLF, B. The determination of boron in soil extracts, plant materials, composts, water and nutrient solutions. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 2:363-374, 1971.

[40] WOLF, B. Improvents in the azomethine-H method for determination of boron. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 5:39-44, 1974.

[41] YERMIYAHO, U.; KEREN, R. & CHEN, Y. Boron sorption on composted organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 52:1309, 1988.

Brasil

Brasil

Frações de boro e índices de disponibilidade em solos do estado do Ceará

Boron fractions and availability indices in soils of Ceará, Brazil

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico