Injúria potencial de herbicidas de solo ao girassol: I - clomazone

Vidal, Ribas A.; Flecks, Nilson G.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83581993000100006

Resumos

Conduziu-se um ensaio de campo na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em Eldorado do Sul, RS, em 1989/90. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito residual potencial do herbicida clomazone, aplicado em três doses à superfície do solo (PRE) ou incorporado no mesmo (PPI), sobre a cultura de girassol. Através de ensaio complementar, realizado em casa-de-vegetação em 1990, procurou-se determinar o local de absorção de clomazone por plântulas de girassol. A localização de clomazone no solo foi muito importante na determinação de sua injúria para o girassol. A campo, clomazone promoveu injúria mais acentuada nas plântulas, quando aplicado em PRE do que em PPI. Clomazone, aparentemente, foi mais absorvido pelo hipocótilo do que pelo sistema radicular das plantulas de girassol. No entanto, nas maiores doses, a fitotoxicidade em PPI se acentuou com o decorrer do tempo, a ponto de desaparecerem as diferenças entre épocas de aplicação.

Helianthus annuus; herbicidas residuais; dissipação de herbicidas; persistência no solo; rotação de culturas; local de absorção

A field experiment was carried out during 1989/90 at the Eldorado do Sul Experimental Station of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating potential injury to sunflower by clomazone applied at three different dosages in pre-emergence (PRE) or preplant incorporated (PPI). A greenhouse trial was carried out in 1990 to determine the site of uptake for clomazone from the soil. Clomazone placement in the soil was very important in determining the level of injury to the plants. The leved of injury to seedlings was higher when clomazone was sprayed in PRE as compared to PPI. Apparently, more clomazone was absorbed through the sunflower hypocotyl than by the root system. Late season assessments indicated that higher dosages were equally phytotoxic under both application methods.

Helianthus annuus; residual herbicide; dissipation of herbicides; soil persistence; tillage; crop rotation; site of absorption

Injúria potencial de herbicidas de solo ao girassol. I clomazone

Potential sunflower injury by soil applied herbicides. I clomazone

Ribas A. Vidal^I; Nilson G. Flecks^II

^IEng. Agr., M.Sc., Prof. Auxiliar, Departamento de Plantas de Lavoura da UFRS/Faculdade de Agronomia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Caixa Postal 776, CEP 90001-970, Porto Alegre, RS

^IIEng. Agr., Ph. D., Prof. Adjunto, Departamento de Plantas de Lavoura da UFRS/Faculdade de Agronomia. Bolsista do CNPq

RESUMO

Conduziu-se um ensaio de campo na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em Eldorado do Sul, RS, em 1989/90. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito residual potencial do herbicida clomazone, aplicado em três doses à superfície do solo (PRE) ou incorporado no mesmo (PPI), sobre a cultura de girassol. Através de ensaio complementar, realizado em casa-de-vegetação em 1990, procurou-se determinar o local de absorção de clomazone por plântulas de girassol. A localização de clomazone no solo foi muito importante na determinação de sua injúria para o girassol. A campo, clomazone promoveu injúria mais acentuada nas plântulas, quando aplicado em PRE do que em PPI. Clomazone, aparentemente, foi mais absorvido pelo hipocótilo do que pelo sistema radicular das plantulas de girassol. No entanto, nas maiores doses, a fitotoxicidade em PPI se acentuou com o decorrer do tempo, a ponto de desaparecerem as diferenças entre épocas de aplicação.

Palavras-chave: Helianthus annuus, herbicidas residuais, dissipação de herbicidas, persistência no solo, rotação de culturas, local de absorção.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was carried out during 1989/90 at the Eldorado do Sul Experimental Station of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating potential injury to sunflower by clomazone applied at three different dosages in pre-emergence (PRE) or preplant incorporated (PPI). A greenhouse trial was carried out in 1990 to determine the site of uptake for clomazone from the soil. Clomazone placement in the soil was very important in determining the level of injury to the plants. The leved of injury to seedlings was higher when clomazone was sprayed in PRE as compared to PPI. Apparently, more clomazone was absorbed through the sunflower hypocotyl than by the root system. Late season assessments indicated that higher dosages were equally phytotoxic under both application methods.

Additional index words: Helianthus annuus, residual herbicide, dissipation of herbicides, soil persistence, tillage, crop rotation,site of absorption.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMENTOS

Ao Dr. João Riboldi, do Instituto de Matemática da UFRS, pelo apoio na análise estatística dos resultados.

LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 06/04/93 e na forma revisada em 10/12/93.

Extraído da dissertação apresentada pelo primeiro autor para obtenção do grau de mestre em Fitotecnia pela Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRS), Porto Alegre, RS.

Trabalho parcialmente financiado pelo CNPq (Processo n° 41402489-3/AG).

ANDERSON, W. P. Weed science; principles Saint Paul, West, 1977. 598 p.
ASHTON, F. M. & DUNSTER, K. The herbicidal effect of EPTC, CDEC, and CDAA on Echinochloa crusgalli with various depths of soil incorporation. Weeds, Champaign, 9: 312-317, 1961.
BLACKMAN, P. G. & DEVESON, M. R. The origins of selectivity and performance of a new pre-emergence bleaching herbicide. Part II: Plant and environmental factors influencing biological activity. Pesticide Science, London, 28: 143-156, 1990.
BURNSIDE, O. C. Tolerance of soybean cultivars to weed competition and herbicides. Weeds, Champaign, 20: 294-297,1972.
CHEW, V. Comparing treatment means: a compendium. HortScience, Alexandria, 11: 348-357, 1976.
CURRAN, W. S. & KNAKE, E. L. Rotational crop injury potential for corn following clomazone, imazaquin, imazethapyr and chlorimuron in Illinois In: MAINZ, M. J. & SUTOR, J. J. Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Report of Research Results. Urbana-Champaign, Univ. of Illinois, 1987. p. 114-119.
DAVIS, D. E. Some factors that affect the phytotoxicity of water-soluble DNBP. Weeds, Champaign, 4: 227-234, 1956.
DOWLER, C.; BAUGHMAN, N. M. & VEATCH, C. The effect of soil type, soil pH, and simulated rainfall on the distribution of DNBP in the soil. Weeds, Champaign, 6: 281-288, 1958.
FRANS, R.; TALBERT, R.; MARX, D. & C Y, H. Experimental design and techniques for measuring and analysing plant responses to weed control practices. In: CAMPER, N. D. ed. Research methods in weed science 3.ed. Champaign, SWSS, 1986. p.29-46.
GALLANDT, E. R.; FAY, P. K. & INSKEEP, W. P. Clomazone dissipation in two Montana soils. Weed Technology, Champaign, 3: 146-150, 1989.
GOMEZ, K. A. & GOMEZ, A. O. Statistical procedures for agricultural research 2.e d. New York, Wiley, 1984. 680p.
HALSTEAD, S. J. & HARVEY, R. G. Effect of rate and carrier on clomazone movement off-site. Weed Technology, Champaign, 2: 179-182, 1988.
HAMID, Z. A. & GRAFIUS, J. E. Developmental alometry and its implication to grain yield in barley. Crop Science, Madison, 18: 83-86, 1978.
KEIFER, D. W. Tolerance of corn lines to clomazone. WeedScience, Champaign, 37: 622-628, 1989.
KNAKE, E. L; APPLEBY, A. P. & FURTICK, W. R. Soil incorporationand site of uptake of preemergence herbicides. Weeds, Champaign, 15: 228-232, 1967.
KNAKE, E. L. & WAX, L. M. The importance of the shoot of giant foxtail for uptake of preemergence herbicides. Weed Science, Champaign, 16: 393-395, 1968.
LOUX, M. M.; LIEBL, R. A. & SLIFE, F. W. Adsorption of clomazone on soils, sediments, and clays. Weed Science, Champaign, 37: 440-444, 1989.
LOUX, M. M. & SLIFE, F. W. Availability and persistence of imazaquin, imazethapyr e clomazone in the soil. Weed Science, Champaign, 37: 259-267, 1989.
NOGUEIRA, I. R. Método geral para obtençăo de tabelas de polinômios ortogonais. Revista de Agricultura, Piracicaba, 53: 269-279, 1979.
PAT ERSON, D. T. The effects of shading on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata). Weed Science, Champaign, 27: 549-553, 1979.
PATTERSON, D. T. Effects of shading and temperature on showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis). Weed Science, Champaign, 30: 692-696, 1982.
PETERSEN, R. G. Use and misuse of multiple comparison procedures. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 69: 205208, 1977.
RADOSEVICH, S. R. & HOLT, J. S. Weed ecology; implications for vegetation management. New York, Wiley, 1984. 265p.
ROBINSON, R. G. Sunflower-soybean and grain sorghum corn rotations versus monoculture. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 58: 475-477, 1966.
ROBINSON, R. G. Control by tillage and persistence of volunteer sunflower and annual weeds. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 70: 1053-1056, 1978.
SILVA, P. R. F. da Sucessăo e rotaçăo de culturas. In: UFRS/SEC. AGRIC. Girassol; Indicaçőes para o cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul. P. Alegre , UFRS/Sec. Agric., 1988. p.63-66.
SILVA, P. R. F. da & MUNDSTOCK, C. M. Época de semeadura. In: Girassol; Indicaçő es para o cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul . P. Alegre , UFRS/Sec. Agric. , 1988. p.13-17.
VRANCEANU, A. V. Tecnica del culti vo. In: ________ El Girasol Madrid, Ed. Mundi-Prensa, 1977. p.247-313.
WILKINS, H. D. & SWALLERS, C. Sunflower production in North Dakota Fargo, N. Dakota State Univ.- Coop. Ext. Serv., 9p. 1982. (Circular, A-538 rev.
WITT, W. W. Persistence of imazaquin, imazethapyr, and clomazone in notill double-crop soybeans. In: PASCALE, J. A. ed. Conferencia Mundial de Investigacion en Soya, 4, Buenos Aires. Actas ... Buenos Aires, J. A. Pascale, 1989. p.1683-1688.
WSSA Herbicide handbook 6.ed. Champaign, WSSA, 1989. 301p.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
16 Maio 2012
Data do Fascículo
1993

Histórico

Aceito
10 Dez 1993
Recebido
06 Abr 1993

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ANDERSON, W. P. Weed science; principles Saint Paul, West, 1977. 598 p.

[2] ASHTON, F. M. & DUNSTER, K. The herbicidal effect of EPTC, CDEC, and CDAA on Echinochloa crusgalli with various depths of soil incorporation. Weeds, Champaign, 9: 312-317, 1961.

[3] BLACKMAN, P. G. & DEVESON, M. R. The origins of selectivity and performance of a new pre-emergence bleaching herbicide. Part II: Plant and environmental factors influencing biological activity. Pesticide Science, London, 28: 143-156, 1990.

[4] BURNSIDE, O. C. Tolerance of soybean cultivars to weed competition and herbicides. Weeds, Champaign, 20: 294-297,1972.

[5] CHEW, V. Comparing treatment means: a compendium. HortScience, Alexandria, 11: 348-357, 1976.

[6] CURRAN, W. S. & KNAKE, E. L. Rotational crop injury potential for corn following clomazone, imazaquin, imazethapyr and chlorimuron in Illinois In: MAINZ, M. J. & SUTOR, J. J. Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Report of Research Results. Urbana-Champaign, Univ. of Illinois, 1987. p. 114-119.

[7] DAVIS, D. E. Some factors that affect the phytotoxicity of water-soluble DNBP. Weeds, Champaign, 4: 227-234, 1956.

[8] DOWLER, C.; BAUGHMAN, N. M. & VEATCH, C. The effect of soil type, soil pH, and simulated rainfall on the distribution of DNBP in the soil. Weeds, Champaign, 6: 281-288, 1958.

[9] FRANS, R.; TALBERT, R.; MARX, D. & C Y, H. Experimental design and techniques for measuring and analysing plant responses to weed control practices. In: CAMPER, N. D. ed. Research methods in weed science 3.ed. Champaign, SWSS, 1986. p.29-46.

[10] GALLANDT, E. R.; FAY, P. K. & INSKEEP, W. P. Clomazone dissipation in two Montana soils. Weed Technology, Champaign, 3: 146-150, 1989.

[11] GOMEZ, K. A. & GOMEZ, A. O. Statistical procedures for agricultural research 2.e d. New York, Wiley, 1984. 680p.

[12] HALSTEAD, S. J. & HARVEY, R. G. Effect of rate and carrier on clomazone movement off-site. Weed Technology, Champaign, 2: 179-182, 1988.

[13] HAMID, Z. A. & GRAFIUS, J. E. Developmental alometry and its implication to grain yield in barley. Crop Science, Madison, 18: 83-86, 1978.

[14] KEIFER, D. W. Tolerance of corn lines to clomazone. WeedScience, Champaign, 37: 622-628, 1989.

[15] KNAKE, E. L; APPLEBY, A. P. & FURTICK, W. R. Soil incorporationand site of uptake of preemergence herbicides. Weeds, Champaign, 15: 228-232, 1967.

[16] KNAKE, E. L. & WAX, L. M. The importance of the shoot of giant foxtail for uptake of preemergence herbicides. Weed Science, Champaign, 16: 393-395, 1968.

[17] LOUX, M. M.; LIEBL, R. A. & SLIFE, F. W. Adsorption of clomazone on soils, sediments, and clays. Weed Science, Champaign, 37: 440-444, 1989.

[18] LOUX, M. M. & SLIFE, F. W. Availability and persistence of imazaquin, imazethapyr e clomazone in the soil. Weed Science, Champaign, 37: 259-267, 1989.

[19] NOGUEIRA, I. R. Método geral para obtençăo de tabelas de polinômios ortogonais. Revista de Agricultura, Piracicaba, 53: 269-279, 1979.

[20] PAT ERSON, D. T. The effects of shading on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata). Weed Science, Champaign, 27: 549-553, 1979.

[21] PATTERSON, D. T. Effects of shading and temperature on showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis). Weed Science, Champaign, 30: 692-696, 1982.

[22] PETERSEN, R. G. Use and misuse of multiple comparison procedures. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 69: 205208, 1977.

[23] RADOSEVICH, S. R. & HOLT, J. S. Weed ecology; implications for vegetation management. New York, Wiley, 1984. 265p.

[24] ROBINSON, R. G. Sunflower-soybean and grain sorghum corn rotations versus monoculture. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 58: 475-477, 1966.

[25] ROBINSON, R. G. Control by tillage and persistence of volunteer sunflower and annual weeds. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 70: 1053-1056, 1978.

[26] SILVA, P. R. F. da Sucessăo e rotaçăo de culturas. In: UFRS/SEC. AGRIC. Girassol; Indicaçőes para o cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul. P. Alegre , UFRS/Sec. Agric., 1988. p.63-66.

[27] SILVA, P. R. F. da & MUNDSTOCK, C. M. Época de semeadura. In: Girassol; Indicaçő es para o cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul . P. Alegre , UFRS/Sec. Agric. , 1988. p.13-17.

[28] VRANCEANU, A. V. Tecnica del culti vo. In: ________ El Girasol Madrid, Ed. Mundi-Prensa, 1977. p.247-313.

[29] WILKINS, H. D. & SWALLERS, C. Sunflower production in North Dakota Fargo, N. Dakota State Univ.- Coop. Ext. Serv., 9p. 1982. (Circular, A-538 rev.

[30] WITT, W. W. Persistence of imazaquin, imazethapyr, and clomazone in notill double-crop soybeans. In: PASCALE, J. A. ed. Conferencia Mundial de Investigacion en Soya, 4, Buenos Aires. Actas ... Buenos Aires, J. A. Pascale, 1989. p.1683-1688.

[31] WSSA Herbicide handbook 6.ed. Champaign, WSSA, 1989. 301p.

Brasil

Brasil

Injúria potencial de herbicidas de solo ao girassol: I - clomazone

Potential sunflower injury by soil applied herbicides: I - clomazone

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico