Efeitos da solarização do solo através de plástico transparente sobre o desenvolvimento da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus)

Kuva, Marcos A.; Alves, Pedro L.C.A.; Erasmo, Eduardo L.A.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83581995000100005

Resumos

Um ensaio foi conduzido em condições de campo, durante o verão, com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da técnica de solarização do solo no controle da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições, e os tratamentos num esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, sendo duas situações de cobertura (com e sem plástico transparente de 300 mm de espessura), dois estádios de desenvolvimento da planta daninha (vegetativo e florescimento) e três períodos de cobertura com plástico (15, 30 e 60 dias). A temperatura do solo sob solarização teve um aumento médio de 4,3oC em relação à testemunha, atingindo valores superiores a 50oC em determinados horários. Observou-se, também, um acúmulo da ordem de 400 % nos teores de CO2 na atmosfera do solo solarizado. Nessas condições houve inibição da brotação dos tubérculos e diminuição no peso de matéria seca de todas as partes estudadas da planta. Houve redução da taxa de multiplicação dos tubérculos, reduzindo-a de 1:11 para 1:4, quando coberta no estádio vegetativo e para 1:9 quando a cobertura se realizou no estádio de florescimento. Houve, ainda diminuição na ordem de 20% na viabilidade dos tubérculos remanescentes.

Plantas daninhas; controle físico; temperatura; biologia; estratégia reprodutiva

The research was conducted under field conditions during the summer períod, to evaluate the solarization effect on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) control. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2x 2 x 3, with two cover conditions (with and without transparent plastic sheet, 300 mm thickness), two periods of covering (vegetative and flower stages), and three cover periods (15, 30 and 60 days). The soil temperature under solarization was 43oC higher than the control, reaching more than 50oC at certain times of day. An increase of 400% was observed in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere of solarized soil. Under these conditions the tuber sprouting was inhibited and the dry weight of all parts of the plant was decreased. The rate of tuber multiplication was decreases from 1:11 to 1:4 when the plant was covered at the vegetative stage, and to 1:9 when it was covered at the reproductive stage. A decrease of 20% in tuber viability was also observed.

Weeds; physical control; temperature; biology; reprodutive strategics

Efeitos da solarização do solo através de plástico transparente sobre o desenvolvimento da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus)

The effects of solarization with transparent plastic on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

Marcos A. Kuva^I; Pedro L.C.A. Alves^II; Eduardo L.A. Erasmo^III

^IEstagiário de Aperfeiçoamento, DBAA-FCAVJ-UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP 14870 000

^IIProfessor Assistente, DBAA-FCAVJ-UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP 14870 000

^IIIPós-graduando, FCAVJ/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP 14870 000

RESUMO

Um ensaio foi conduzido em condições de campo, durante o verão, com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da técnica de solarização do solo no controle da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições, e os tratamentos num esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, sendo duas situações de cobertura (com e sem plástico transparente de 300 mm de espessura), dois estádios de desenvolvimento da planta daninha (vegetativo e florescimento) e três períodos de cobertura com plástico (15, 30 e 60 dias). A temperatura do solo sob solarização teve um aumento médio de 4,3oC em relação à testemunha, atingindo valores superiores a 50oC em determinados horários. Observou-se, também, um acúmulo da ordem de 400 % nos teores de CO2 na atmosfera do solo solarizado. Nessas condições houve inibição da brotação dos tubérculos e diminuição no peso de matéria seca de todas as partes estudadas da planta. Houve redução da taxa de multiplicação dos tubérculos, reduzindo-a de 1:11 para 1:4, quando coberta no estádio vegetativo e para 1:9 quando a cobertura se realizou no estádio de florescimento. Houve, ainda diminuição na ordem de 20% na viabilidade dos tubérculos remanescentes.

Palavras chave: Plantas daninhas, controle físico, temperatura, biologia, estratégia reprodutiva.

ABSTRACT

The research was conducted under field conditions during the summer períod, to evaluate the solarization effect on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) control. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2x 2 x 3, with two cover conditions (with and without transparent plastic sheet, 300 mm thickness), two periods of covering (vegetative and flower stages), and three cover periods (15, 30 and 60 days). The soil temperature under solarization was 43oC higher than the control, reaching more than 50oC at certain times of day. An increase of 400% was observed in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere of solarized soil. Under these conditions the tuber sprouting was inhibited and the dry weight of all parts of the plant was decreased. The rate of tuber multiplication was decreases from 1:11 to 1:4 when the plant was covered at the vegetative stage, and to 1:9 when it was covered at the reproductive stage. A decrease of 20% in tuber viability was also observed.

Key words: Weeds, physical control, temperature, biology, reprodutive strategics.

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AGRADECIMENTOS

Ao Prof. Dr. Robinson Antonio Pitelli (UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP) e ao Prof. Dr. Julio César Durigan (UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP ) pelas importantes sugestões

LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 17/10/'94 e na forma revisada em 31/05/95.

ABU-IRMAILEH, BE. Soil solarization controls broom rapes (Orobanche spp) in host vegetable crops in the Jordan Valley. Weed Technology, Champaign, v. 5, n. 3, p. 575-581, 1991. Apud Weed Abstracts, England, v. 41, n. 7, p. 310, 1992.
AL-MASOOM, AA; SAGHIR, A; ITANI, S. Soil solarization for weed management in VAR Weed Technology, Champaign, v. 7, p. 507-510, 1993.
BRAUN, M; KOCH, W; MUSSA, HH; STIEFUATER, M. Solarization for weed and pest control possibilities and limitations In: CAVALLORO, RELTIK (ed). Weed control in vegetable production. Rotterdan: A.A. Balkema, 1988.
CARDOSO, AA. Avaliação do efeito de solarização com filme plástico preto no controle de plantas daninhas. Jaboticabal: FCAV-UNESP, 1989, 36p. Trabalho de Graduação em Agronomia.
DURIGAN, JC. Manejo da tiririca (Cyperus roáundus L.) antes e durante a implantação da cultura da cana-de-açucar (Saccharum spp). Jaboticabal: FCAVUNESP, 1991, 336 p. Tese de Livre Docência.
EGLEY, GH. Weed seed and seedling reductions by soil solarization with transparent polyethylene sheets. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 31, p. 404-409, 1993.
EGLEY, GH; DUKE, EO. Physiology of weed seed dormancy and germination.. In: DUKE, SO (ed). Weed physiology. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC, 1965, v. 1, p. 27-67.
GRANTLIPP, AL; BALLARD, IAT. The breaking of seed dormancy of some legumes by carbon dioxide. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research, v. 10, p. 495-499, 1959.
HOLM, RE. Volatile metabolites controlling germination in buried weed seeds. Plant Physiology, v. 50, p. 293-297, 1972.
HOROWITZ, M; REGEV, Y; GIVELBERG, A. A plastic mulch as a method of weed control. In: CONFERENCE OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY OF ISRAEL, 7, 1979. Abstracts. Apud Phytoparasitica, v. 7, n. 2, p. 142, 1979.
HOROWITZ, M; REGEV, Y; HERZLINGER, G. Solarization for weed control. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 31, p. 170-179, 1983.
JACOBSOHN, R; GRENBERGER, A; KATAN, J; LEVI, M; ALON, H. Control of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegypteiaca) and other weeds by means of solar heating of the soil by polyethylene mulching. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 28, p. 312-315, 1980.
KATAN, J. Solar heating (solarization) of soil for control of soilborne pests. Annual Review of Phytopathology, Palo Alto, v. 19, p. 211-236, 1981.
LIAKATAS, A; CLARK, JA; MONTEITH, JL. Meassurements of the heat balance under plastic mulches. Part 1 Radiation balance and soil heat flux. Agricultural Forestry Meteorology, Amsterdam, v. 36, n. 3, p. 227-239, 1986.
MAGALHÃES, AC. Influência do teor de umidade no tubérculo e da quantidade de água disponível no solo sobre a capacidade de brotação da tiririca. Bragantia, Campinas, v. 24, n. 37, p. 507-513, 1965.
RUBIN, B; BENJAMIN, A. Solar heating of the soil effects on weed contro l and soil-incorporated herbicides. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 31, p. 819-824, 1983.
RUBIN, B; BENJAMIN, A. Solar heating of the soil: involvement of environmental factors on the weed control process. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 32, p. 138-142, 1984.
STANDIFER, LC; WILSON, PW; PORCHE-SORBET, R. Effects of solariza tion of soil weed seed populations. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 32, p. 569-573, 1984.
STIVENS, C; KHAN, VA; OKORONKWO; TANG, AG; WILSON, MA; LU, J. Soil solarization and dacthal: Influence on weeds, growth, and root microflora of Collards. Horticultural Science, Calcutta, v. 25, n. 10, p. 1260-1262, 1990.
TAYLORSON, RB. Response of weed seeds to ethylene and related hydrocarbons. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 27, p. 7-10, 1979.
ZUNKER, E; KREEB, K. Unter suchungen zur potentiometricschen Messung der photosyntheserate. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges., v. 83, p. 245-57, 1970.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
19 Ago 2010
Data do Fascículo
1995

Histórico

Recebido
17 Out 1994
Aceito
31 Maio 1995

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ABU-IRMAILEH, BE. Soil solarization controls broom rapes (Orobanche spp) in host vegetable crops in the Jordan Valley. Weed Technology, Champaign, v. 5, n. 3, p. 575-581, 1991. Apud Weed Abstracts, England, v. 41, n. 7, p. 310, 1992.

[2] AL-MASOOM, AA; SAGHIR, A; ITANI, S. Soil solarization for weed management in VAR Weed Technology, Champaign, v. 7, p. 507-510, 1993.

[3] BRAUN, M; KOCH, W; MUSSA, HH; STIEFUATER, M. Solarization for weed and pest control possibilities and limitations In: CAVALLORO, RELTIK (ed). Weed control in vegetable production. Rotterdan: A.A. Balkema, 1988.

[4] CARDOSO, AA. Avaliação do efeito de solarização com filme plástico preto no controle de plantas daninhas. Jaboticabal: FCAV-UNESP, 1989, 36p. Trabalho de Graduação em Agronomia.

[5] DURIGAN, JC. Manejo da tiririca (Cyperus roáundus L.) antes e durante a implantação da cultura da cana-de-açucar (Saccharum spp). Jaboticabal: FCAVUNESP, 1991, 336 p. Tese de Livre Docência.

[6] EGLEY, GH. Weed seed and seedling reductions by soil solarization with transparent polyethylene sheets. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 31, p. 404-409, 1993.

[7] EGLEY, GH; DUKE, EO. Physiology of weed seed dormancy and germination.. In: DUKE, SO (ed). Weed physiology. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC, 1965, v. 1, p. 27-67.

[8] GRANTLIPP, AL; BALLARD, IAT. The breaking of seed dormancy of some legumes by carbon dioxide. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research, v. 10, p. 495-499, 1959.

[9] HOLM, RE. Volatile metabolites controlling germination in buried weed seeds. Plant Physiology, v. 50, p. 293-297, 1972.

[10] HOROWITZ, M; REGEV, Y; GIVELBERG, A. A plastic mulch as a method of weed control. In: CONFERENCE OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY OF ISRAEL, 7, 1979. Abstracts. Apud Phytoparasitica, v. 7, n. 2, p. 142, 1979.

[11] HOROWITZ, M; REGEV, Y; HERZLINGER, G. Solarization for weed control. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 31, p. 170-179, 1983.

[12] JACOBSOHN, R; GRENBERGER, A; KATAN, J; LEVI, M; ALON, H. Control of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegypteiaca) and other weeds by means of solar heating of the soil by polyethylene mulching. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 28, p. 312-315, 1980.

[13] KATAN, J. Solar heating (solarization) of soil for control of soilborne pests. Annual Review of Phytopathology, Palo Alto, v. 19, p. 211-236, 1981.

[14] LIAKATAS, A; CLARK, JA; MONTEITH, JL. Meassurements of the heat balance under plastic mulches. Part 1 Radiation balance and soil heat flux. Agricultural Forestry Meteorology, Amsterdam, v. 36, n. 3, p. 227-239, 1986.

[15] MAGALHÃES, AC. Influência do teor de umidade no tubérculo e da quantidade de água disponível no solo sobre a capacidade de brotação da tiririca. Bragantia, Campinas, v. 24, n. 37, p. 507-513, 1965.

[16] RUBIN, B; BENJAMIN, A. Solar heating of the soil effects on weed contro l and soil-incorporated herbicides. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 31, p. 819-824, 1983.

[17] RUBIN, B; BENJAMIN, A. Solar heating of the soil: involvement of environmental factors on the weed control process. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 32, p. 138-142, 1984.

[18] STANDIFER, LC; WILSON, PW; PORCHE-SORBET, R. Effects of solariza tion of soil weed seed populations. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 32, p. 569-573, 1984.

[19] STIVENS, C; KHAN, VA; OKORONKWO; TANG, AG; WILSON, MA; LU, J. Soil solarization and dacthal: Influence on weeds, growth, and root microflora of Collards. Horticultural Science, Calcutta, v. 25, n. 10, p. 1260-1262, 1990.

[20] TAYLORSON, RB. Response of weed seeds to ethylene and related hydrocarbons. Weed Science, Champaign, v. 27, p. 7-10, 1979.

[21] ZUNKER, E; KREEB, K. Unter suchungen zur potentiometricschen Messung der photosyntheserate. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges., v. 83, p. 245-57, 1970.

Brasil

Brasil

Efeitos da solarização do solo através de plástico transparente sobre o desenvolvimento da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus)

The effects of solarization with transparent plastic on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico