Efeito de adjuvantes adicionados à calda herbicida contendo glyphosate

Vargas, Leandro; Fleck, Nilson G.; Cunha, Marcos M. da; Vidal, Ribas A.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83581997000200014

Resumos

Tentativas de aumentar a fitotoxicidade do herbicida glyphosate através da adição de ácido e/ ou de sulfato de amônio à calda tem sido promissoras. A adição dessas substâncias otimiza as propriedades químicas da calda herbicida, superando efeitos negativos do pH elevado e de ions nela presentes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o efeito da adição de ácido sulfúrico e/ou de sulfato de amônio à calda herbicida, sobre a eficiência do glyphosate misturado em diluente com alto pH e teores elevados de sais. Os tratamentos envolveram cinco doses de glyphosate (variáveis de 180 a 540 g/ha i.a.) diluídas em água destilada e, mais glyphosate a 270 g/ha misturado às águas minera is Fonte Azul e Fonte Ijuí em presença de ácido sulfúrico (0,5 1/ha) e/ou sulfato de amônio (2 ,5 kg/h a) . A fitotoxicidade foi avaliada aos 7, 17 e 27 dias após as aplicações do herbicida sobre a aveia preta. Os resultados demonstraram que a aveia-preta é muito suscetível à ação de glyphosate, mesmo aplicado a 270 g/ha, independente da água utilizada ou da adição de adjuvantes e, que a adição de ácido sulfúrico e/ou de sulfato de amônio à calda não alterou a atividade do herbicida.

Avena strigosa; pH; adjuvante; ácido sulfurico; sulfato de amônia

Attempts to increase phytotoxicity of glyphosat e her bic ide through addition of acid and/or of ammonium sulphate to the spray solution have been promising. Addition of these substances optimize chemical properties of the herbicide spray, overcoming negative effects of high pH and of íons present in it. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of sulphuric acid and/or of ammonium sulphate addition to herbicide spray, on the efficiency of glyphosate mixed in diluents with high pH and high salts content. Glyphosate treatments consisted of five rates (variables from 180 to 540 g/ha a.e.), diluted in distilled water, and also glyph osate at 270 g/h a a. e. mix ed in the mineral waters Fonte Azul and Fonte Ijuí. To this herbicide rate, it was added 0,5 1/ha of sulphuric acid and /or 2,5 kg/ha of ammonium sulphate, whose treatments were sprayed over oat plants. Herbicide toxicity was evaluated at 7, 17, and 27 days after applications. Results showed that oats was very susceptible to glyphosate action, even when applied at 270 g/ha, independent of water used or adjuvantes added. It is concluded that addition of sulphuric acid and/or of ammonium sulphate to spray solution do not increase herbicide activity of glyphosate.

Avena strigosa; pH; additive; sulfuric acid; Ammonium sulphate

Efeito de adjuvantes adicionados à calda herbicida contendo glyphosate

Effect of adjuvants added to herbicide spray containing glyphosate

Leandro Vargas^I; Nilson G. Fleck^II; Marcos M. da Cunha^I, Ribas A. Vidal^III

^IEng. Agr., Aluno do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS

^IIEng. Agr., Ph. D., Prof. Aposentado do Depto. de Plantas de Lavoura, Fac. de Agronomia da UFRGS. Cx. Postal 776, CEP 90001-970, Porto Alegre, RS. Bolsista do CNPq

^IIIEng. Agr., Ph. D., Prof. Adjunto do Depto. de Plantas de Lavoura, Fac. de Agronomia da UFRGS

RESUMO

Tentativas de aumentar a fitotoxicidade do herbicida glyphosate através da adição de ácido e/ ou de sulfato de amônio à calda tem sido promissoras. A adição dessas substâncias otimiza as propriedades químicas da calda herbicida, superando efeitos negativos do pH elevado e de ions nela presentes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o efeito da adição de ácido sulfúrico e/ou de sulfato de amônio à calda herbicida, sobre a eficiência do glyphosate misturado em diluente com alto pH e teores elevados de sais. Os tratamentos envolveram cinco doses de glyphosate (variáveis de 180 a 540 g/ha i.a.) diluídas em água destilada e, mais glyphosate a 270 g/ha misturado às águas minera is Fonte Azul e Fonte Ijuí em presença de ácido sulfúrico (0,5 1/ha) e/ou sulfato de amônio (2 ,5 kg/h a) . A fitotoxicidade foi avaliada aos 7, 17 e 27 dias após as aplicações do herbicida sobre a aveia preta. Os resultados demonstraram que a aveia-preta é muito suscetível à ação de glyphosate, mesmo aplicado a 270 g/ha, independente da água utilizada ou da adição de adjuvantes e, que a adição de ácido sulfúrico e/ou de sulfato de amônio à calda não alterou a atividade do herbicida.

Palavras chave: Avena strigosa, pH, adjuvante, ácido sulfurico, sulfato de amônia.

ABSTRACT

Attempts to increase phytotoxicity of glyphosat e her bic ide through addition of acid and/or of ammonium sulphate to the spray solution have been promising. Addition of these substances optimize chemical properties of the herbicide spray, overcoming negative effects of high pH and of íons present in it. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of sulphuric acid and/or of ammonium sulphate addition to herbicide spray, on the efficiency of glyphosate mixed in diluents with high pH and high salts content. Glyphosate treatments consisted of five rates (variables from 180 to 540 g/ha a.e.), diluted in distilled water, and also glyph osate at 270 g/h a a. e. mix ed in the mineral waters Fonte Azul and Fonte Ijuí. To this herbicide rate, it was added 0,5 1/ha of sulphuric acid and /or 2,5 kg/ha of ammonium sulphate, whose treatments were sprayed over oat plants. Herbicide toxicity was evaluated at 7, 17, and 27 days after applications. Results showed that oats was very susceptible to glyphosate action, even when applied at 270 g/ha, independent of water used or adjuvantes added. It is concluded that addition of sulphuric acid and/or of ammonium sulphate to spray solution do not increase herbicide activity of glyphosate.

Key words:Avena strigosa, pH, additive, sulfuric acid, Ammonium sulphate.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 26/09/96 e na forma revisada em 15/10/97.

AHMADI, MS; HADERLIE, LC; WICKS, GA O. Effect of growth stage and water stress on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) control and on glyphosate absorption and translocation. Weed Sci. , v.28, n. 3, p.277-282, 1990.
BRYSON, CT; HANKS, JE; WILLS, GD. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) control in reduced-tillage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with low-volume technology. Weed Technol., v.8, n.1, p.28-31, 1994.
BUHLER, DS; BURNSIDE, OC. Effect of spray components on glyphosate toxicity to annual grasses. Weed Sc i. , v. 31, n. 1, p. 124 -130, 1983a.
BUHLER, DD; BURNSIDE, OC. Effect of water quality, carrier volume, andacidon glyphosa te phytotoxic ity. Weed Sci. , v.31, n.2, p.163-169, 1983b.
CARLSON, KL; BURNSIDE, OC. Comparative phytotoxicity of glyphosate, SC-0224, SC-0545, and HOE-00661. Weed Sci., v.32, n.6, p.841-844, 1984.
GRONWALD, JW; JOURDAN, SW; WYSE, DL; SOMERS, DA; MAGNUSSON, MU. Effect of ammonium sulfate on absorption of imazethapyr by quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and maize (Zea mays) cell suspension cultures. Weed Sci. , v.4 1, n. 3, p.325-334, 1993 .
LEIF III, JW; OELKE, EA. Effect s of glyphosate and surfactant concentrations on giant burseed (Sparganium eurycarpum) control with a ropewick applicator. Weed Technol., v.4, n.3, p.625-630, 1990.
LIEBL, RA; ZEHR, UB; TEYKER, RH. Influence of nitrogen form on extracellular pH and bentazon uptake by cultured soybean (Glycine max) cells. Weed Sci., v.40, n. 3, p. 418-423,1992.
MCCORMICK, RW. Effects of C02, N2, air and nitrogen salts on spray solution pH. Weed Technol., v.4. n.4 , p.910-912, 1990.
MCMULLAN, PM. Grass herbicide efficacy as influenced by adjuvants, spray solution pH, and ultraviolet light. Weed Technol., v.10, n.1, p.72-77, 1996.
MERVOSH, TL; BALKE, NE. Effects of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate on glyphosate absorption by cultured plant cells. Weed Sci., v.39, n.3, p.347-353. 1991.
NALEWAJA, JD; MATYSIAK, R. Spray carrier salts affect herbicide toxicity to kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Technol., v.7, n.1, p.154-158, 1993a.
NALEWAJA, JD; MATYSIAK, R. Optimizing adjuvants to over come glyphosate antagonistic salts. Weed Technol., v.7, n.2, p.337-342, 1993b.
NALEWAJA, JD; MATYSIAK, R; SZELEZNIAK, EF. Sethoxydin response tospray carrier chemical properties andenvironment . Weed Technol. , v. 8, n. 3, p.591-597, 1994.
SALISBURY, CD; CHANDLER, JM; MERKLE, MG. Ammonium sulfate enhancement of glyphosate and SC-02 24 control of Johsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Technol., v.5, n.1, p.18-21, 1991.
SANDBERG, CL; MEGGITT, WF; PENNER, D. Effect of diluent volume and calcium on glyphosa te phytotoxic ity. Weed Sci. , v.26, n.5, p.476-479, 1978.
SHERRICK, SL; HOLT, HA; HESS, FD. Effects of adjuvants and environment during plant devel opment on glyphosate absorption and translocation infield bind weed (Convolvulus arvensis). Weed Sci., v.34, n.6, p.811-816, 1986.
THELEN, KD; JACKSON, EP; PENNER, D. The basis for hard-water antagonism of glyphosate activity. Weed Sci. , v. 43, n. 4, p.541-548, 1995.
WANAMARTA, G; PENNERD. Foliar absorption of herbicides. Review Weed Sci., v.4, p.215-232, 1989.
WILLS, GD; MCWHORTER, CG. Effect of inorganic salts on the toxicity and translocation of glyphosate and MSMA in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Weed Sci., v.33, n.6, p.755-761, 1985.
WSSA. Herbicide handbook, 7.ed., 1994, 352p.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
22 Jun 2010
Data do Fascículo
1997

Histórico

Recebido
26 Set 1996
Aceito
15 Out 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AHMADI, MS; HADERLIE, LC; WICKS, GA O. Effect of growth stage and water stress on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) control and on glyphosate absorption and translocation. Weed Sci. , v.28, n. 3, p.277-282, 1990.

[2] BRYSON, CT; HANKS, JE; WILLS, GD. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) control in reduced-tillage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with low-volume technology. Weed Technol., v.8, n.1, p.28-31, 1994.

[3] BUHLER, DS; BURNSIDE, OC. Effect of spray components on glyphosate toxicity to annual grasses. Weed Sc i. , v. 31, n. 1, p. 124 -130, 1983a.

[4] BUHLER, DD; BURNSIDE, OC. Effect of water quality, carrier volume, andacidon glyphosa te phytotoxic ity. Weed Sci. , v.31, n.2, p.163-169, 1983b.

[5] CARLSON, KL; BURNSIDE, OC. Comparative phytotoxicity of glyphosate, SC-0224, SC-0545, and HOE-00661. Weed Sci., v.32, n.6, p.841-844, 1984.

[6] GRONWALD, JW; JOURDAN, SW; WYSE, DL; SOMERS, DA; MAGNUSSON, MU. Effect of ammonium sulfate on absorption of imazethapyr by quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and maize (Zea mays) cell suspension cultures. Weed Sci. , v.4 1, n. 3, p.325-334, 1993 .

[7] LEIF III, JW; OELKE, EA. Effect s of glyphosate and surfactant concentrations on giant burseed (Sparganium eurycarpum) control with a ropewick applicator. Weed Technol., v.4, n.3, p.625-630, 1990.

[8] LIEBL, RA; ZEHR, UB; TEYKER, RH. Influence of nitrogen form on extracellular pH and bentazon uptake by cultured soybean (Glycine max) cells. Weed Sci., v.40, n. 3, p. 418-423,1992.

[9] MCCORMICK, RW. Effects of C02, N2, air and nitrogen salts on spray solution pH. Weed Technol., v.4. n.4 , p.910-912, 1990.

[10] MCMULLAN, PM. Grass herbicide efficacy as influenced by adjuvants, spray solution pH, and ultraviolet light. Weed Technol., v.10, n.1, p.72-77, 1996.

[11] MERVOSH, TL; BALKE, NE. Effects of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate on glyphosate absorption by cultured plant cells. Weed Sci., v.39, n.3, p.347-353. 1991.

[12] NALEWAJA, JD; MATYSIAK, R. Spray carrier salts affect herbicide toxicity to kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Technol., v.7, n.1, p.154-158, 1993a.

[13] NALEWAJA, JD; MATYSIAK, R. Optimizing adjuvants to over come glyphosate antagonistic salts. Weed Technol., v.7, n.2, p.337-342, 1993b.

[14] NALEWAJA, JD; MATYSIAK, R; SZELEZNIAK, EF. Sethoxydin response tospray carrier chemical properties andenvironment . Weed Technol. , v. 8, n. 3, p.591-597, 1994.

[15] SALISBURY, CD; CHANDLER, JM; MERKLE, MG. Ammonium sulfate enhancement of glyphosate and SC-02 24 control of Johsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Technol., v.5, n.1, p.18-21, 1991.

[16] SANDBERG, CL; MEGGITT, WF; PENNER, D. Effect of diluent volume and calcium on glyphosa te phytotoxic ity. Weed Sci. , v.26, n.5, p.476-479, 1978.

[17] SHERRICK, SL; HOLT, HA; HESS, FD. Effects of adjuvants and environment during plant devel opment on glyphosate absorption and translocation infield bind weed (Convolvulus arvensis). Weed Sci., v.34, n.6, p.811-816, 1986.

[18] THELEN, KD; JACKSON, EP; PENNER, D. The basis for hard-water antagonism of glyphosate activity. Weed Sci. , v. 43, n. 4, p.541-548, 1995.

[19] WANAMARTA, G; PENNERD. Foliar absorption of herbicides. Review Weed Sci., v.4, p.215-232, 1989.

[20] WILLS, GD; MCWHORTER, CG. Effect of inorganic salts on the toxicity and translocation of glyphosate and MSMA in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Weed Sci., v.33, n.6, p.755-761, 1985.

[21] WSSA. Herbicide handbook, 7.ed., 1994, 352p.

Brasil

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Efeito de adjuvantes adicionados à calda herbicida contendo glyphosate

Effect of adjuvants added to herbicide spray containing glyphosate

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico