Potential for seed bank formation of two weed species from Brazilian Amazonia

Dias-Filho, Moacyr B.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83581999000200002

Abstracts

The potential for seed bank formation of two perennial weed species, Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl (Verbenaceae), both common in Amazonia , was evaluated in a degraded pasture area in eastern Brazilian Amazonia . Seeds were enclosed in nylon mesh packets and placed at the soil surface or buried at 5 or 10 cm deep. The number of viable seeds was recorded at 6, 10, 14 and 18 months after burial. Results showed that S. cayennensis has the ability to form persistent soil seed bank, while I. asarifolia seeds do not build up in the soil seed bank. For S. cayennensis and, to some extent, for I. asarifolia, seed survival was highest at greater burial depths.

Brazil; seed; longevity; Stachytarpheta cayennensis; Ipomoea asarifolia

O potencial para a formação de banco de sementes de duas espécies perenes de plantas daninhas, Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae) e Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl (Verbenaceae), ambas comuns na Amazônia, foi avaliado em uma área de pastagem degradada na Amazônia oriental brasileira. As sementes foram inseridas em envelopes de tela de nylon e colocadas na superfície do solo ou enterradas a cinco ou 10 cm de profundidade. O número de sementes viáveis foi avaliado aos 6, 12, 14 e 18 meses após o início do ensaio. Os resultados mostraram que S. cayennensis tem o potencial para formar banco de sementes persistente, enquanto que as sementes de I. asarifolia não apresentam esse potencial. Em S. cayennensis e, de certo modo, em I. asarifolia, a sobrevivência de sementes foi maior nas maiores profundidades.

Brasil; sementes; longevidade; Stachytarpheta cayennensis; Ipomoea asarifolia

Potential for seed bank formation of two weed species from Brazilian Amazonia

Potencial para a formação de banco de sementes de duas espécies de plantas daninhas da Amazônia brasileira

Moacyr B. Dias-Filho

Agronomist, Ph.D., Lab. Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, C.P. 48, CEP: 66017-970 Belém/PA, Brazil. Email: moacyr@cpatu.embrapa.br

ABSTRACT

The potential for seed bank formation of two perennial weed species, Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl (Verbenaceae), both common in Amazonia , was evaluated in a degraded pasture area in eastern Brazilian Amazonia . Seeds were enclosed in nylon mesh packets and placed at the soil surface or buried at 5 or 10 cm deep. The number of viable seeds was recorded at 6, 10, 14 and 18 months after burial. Results showed that S. cayennensis has the ability to form persistent soil seed bank, while I. asarifolia seeds do not build up in the soil seed bank. For S. cayennensis and, to some extent, for I. asarifolia, seed survival was highest at greater burial depths.

Key words: Brazil, seed, longevity, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Ipomoea asarifolia.

RESUMO

O potencial para a formação de banco de sementes de duas espécies perenes de plantas daninhas, Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae) e Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl (Verbenaceae), ambas comuns na Amazônia, foi avaliado em uma área de pastagem degradada na Amazônia oriental brasileira. As sementes foram inseridas em envelopes de tela de nylon e colocadas na superfície do solo ou enterradas a cinco ou 10 cm de profundidade. O número de sementes viáveis foi avaliado aos 6, 12, 14 e 18 meses após o início do ensaio. Os resultados mostraram que S. cayennensis tem o potencial para formar banco de sementes persistente, enquanto que as sementes de I. asarifolia não apresentam esse potencial. Em S. cayennensis e, de certo modo, em I. asarifolia, a sobrevivência de sementes foi maior nas maiores profundidades.

Palavras chave: Brasil, sementes, longevidade, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Ipomoea asarifolia.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To Miguel Simão Neto and José Luiz Covre for the assistance in the field.

Received for publication on 20/08/1998 and in the revised form on 19/10/1998.

BOURDÔT, G.W.; HURRELL, G.A. Aspects of the ecology of Stipa neesiana Trin. & Rupr. seeds. N. Z. J. Agric Res., v.35, p.101-108, 1992.
BRIDGEMOHAN, P.; BRATHWAITE, R.A.I.; MCDAVID, C.R. Seed survival and patterns of seedling emergence studies of Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton in cultivated soils. Weed Res., v.31, p.265-272, 1991.
BUHLER,D.D.; HARTZLER, R.G.; FORCELLA, F. Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management. Weed Sci., v.45, p.329-336, 1997.
DIAS FILHO, M.B. Plantas invasoras em pastagens cultivadas da Amazônia: estratégias de manejo e controle. Belém: Embrapa-CPATU, 1990. 103p. (Embrapa-CPATU. Documentos, 52).
DIAS FILHO, M.B. How is fecundity affected by mowing in the tropical weed Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Verbenaceae)? Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras., v.29, p.1675-1679, 1994.
DIAS FILHO, M.B. Germination and emergence of Stachytarpheta cayennensis and Ipomoea asarifolia Planta Daninha, v.14, p.118-126, 1996.
EBERLEIN, C.V. Germination of Sorghum almum seeds and longevity in soil. Weed Sci., v.35, p.796-801, 1987.
ELMORE, C.D; HURST, H.R.; AUSTIN, D.F. Biology and control of morningglories (Ipomoea spp.). Rev. of Weed Sci., v.5, p.83-114, 1990.
HASELWOOD, E.L.; MOTTER, G.G. Handbook of Hawaiian weeds 2nd. ed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1983. 491p.
KLEINSCHMIDT, H.E.; JOHNSON, R.W. Weeds of Queensland Brisbane: Queensland Department of Primary Industries, 1987. 469p.
LORENZI, H. Plantas daninhas do Brasil: terrestres, aquáticas, parasitas, tóxicas e medicinais. 2 ed. Nova Odessa: Plantarum, 1991. 440p.
NAIR, N.C.; MOHANAN, C.N. & SREEKUMAR, P.V. Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich) Schau.- A new record for India and with a key to the Indian species. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, v.79, p.230-232, 1982.
RALPHS, M.H.; CRONIN, E.H. Locoweed seed in soil: density, longevity, germination, and viability. Weed Science, v.35, p.792-795, 1987.
SCHWERZEL, P.J. The effect of depth of burial in soil on the survival of some common Rhodesian weed seeds. Rhod. Agric. J., v.73, p.97-99, 1976.
STATISTICA for Windows. General conventions and statistics Tulsa: StatSoft, Inc., 1995. v.1, 717p.
THOMPSON, K. The functional ecology of seed banks. In: FENNER, M. (Ed.). Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Southampton: CAB International, 1992. p.231-218.
VÁZQUEZ-YANES, C.; OROZCO-SEGOVIA, A. Physiological ecology of seed dormancy and longevity. In: MULKEY, S.S.; CHAZDON, R.L. (Eds.). Tropical Forest Plat Ecophysiology New York: Chapman & Hall, 1996. p.535-558.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
27 May 2010
Date of issue
Aug 1999

History

Accepted
19 Oct 1998
Received
20 Aug 1998

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BOURDÔT, G.W.; HURRELL, G.A. Aspects of the ecology of Stipa neesiana Trin. & Rupr. seeds. N. Z. J. Agric Res., v.35, p.101-108, 1992.

[2] BRIDGEMOHAN, P.; BRATHWAITE, R.A.I.; MCDAVID, C.R. Seed survival and patterns of seedling emergence studies of Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton in cultivated soils. Weed Res., v.31, p.265-272, 1991.

[3] BUHLER,D.D.; HARTZLER, R.G.; FORCELLA, F. Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management. Weed Sci., v.45, p.329-336, 1997.

[4] DIAS FILHO, M.B. Plantas invasoras em pastagens cultivadas da Amazônia: estratégias de manejo e controle. Belém: Embrapa-CPATU, 1990. 103p. (Embrapa-CPATU. Documentos, 52).

[5] DIAS FILHO, M.B. How is fecundity affected by mowing in the tropical weed Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Verbenaceae)? Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras., v.29, p.1675-1679, 1994.

[6] DIAS FILHO, M.B. Germination and emergence of Stachytarpheta cayennensis and Ipomoea asarifolia Planta Daninha, v.14, p.118-126, 1996.

[7] EBERLEIN, C.V. Germination of Sorghum almum seeds and longevity in soil. Weed Sci., v.35, p.796-801, 1987.

[8] ELMORE, C.D; HURST, H.R.; AUSTIN, D.F. Biology and control of morningglories (Ipomoea spp.). Rev. of Weed Sci., v.5, p.83-114, 1990.

[9] HASELWOOD, E.L.; MOTTER, G.G. Handbook of Hawaiian weeds 2nd. ed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1983. 491p.

[10] KLEINSCHMIDT, H.E.; JOHNSON, R.W. Weeds of Queensland Brisbane: Queensland Department of Primary Industries, 1987. 469p.

[11] LORENZI, H. Plantas daninhas do Brasil: terrestres, aquáticas, parasitas, tóxicas e medicinais. 2 ed. Nova Odessa: Plantarum, 1991. 440p.

[12] NAIR, N.C.; MOHANAN, C.N. & SREEKUMAR, P.V. Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich) Schau.- A new record for India and with a key to the Indian species. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, v.79, p.230-232, 1982.

[13] RALPHS, M.H.; CRONIN, E.H. Locoweed seed in soil: density, longevity, germination, and viability. Weed Science, v.35, p.792-795, 1987.

[14] SCHWERZEL, P.J. The effect of depth of burial in soil on the survival of some common Rhodesian weed seeds. Rhod. Agric. J., v.73, p.97-99, 1976.

[15] STATISTICA for Windows. General conventions and statistics Tulsa: StatSoft, Inc., 1995. v.1, 717p.

[16] THOMPSON, K. The functional ecology of seed banks. In: FENNER, M. (Ed.). Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Southampton: CAB International, 1992. p.231-218.

[17] VÁZQUEZ-YANES, C.; OROZCO-SEGOVIA, A. Physiological ecology of seed dormancy and longevity. In: MULKEY, S.S.; CHAZDON, R.L. (Eds.). Tropical Forest Plat Ecophysiology New York: Chapman & Hall, 1996. p.535-558.