Copper accumulation in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

Ramos, Georgia Barros de A.; Rosato, Yoko B.

doi:10.1590/S0100-84551996000400002

Abstract

A strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria showing resistance to 1.2 mM cupric sulfate was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and ESI (electron spectrophotometry imaging). Accumulation of copper was detected in the periphery of the cell membrane region, suggesting that the mechanism of copper resistance is similar to that previously described for Pseudomonas species. The ESI technique was used to detect copper in the membrane region. Copper-resistance in X. campestris pv. vesicatoria 484 is inducible and occurs by accumulation of the metal and not by efflux mechanism as has been suggested. The growth curve also showed that this system is inducible.

copper accumulation; Xanthomonas campestris; vesicatoria

Full text in pdf format

Copper accumulation in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

Georgia Barros de A. Ramos; Yoko B. Rosato

Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia e CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brasil. E-mail: yrosato@turing.unicamp.br. Fax: 019-2397030. Send correspondence to Y.B.R.

ABSTRACT

A strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria showing resistance to 1.2 mM cupric sulfate was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and ESI (electron spectrophotometry imaging). Accumulation of copper was detected in the periphery of the cell membrane region, suggesting that the mechanism of copper resistance is similar to that previously described for Pseudomonas species. The ESI technique was used to detect copper in the membrane region. Copper-resistance in X. campestris pv. vesicatoria 484 is inducible and occurs by accumulation of the metal and not by efflux mechanism as has been suggested. The growth curve also showed that this system is inducible.

Keywords: copper accumulation; Xanthomonas campestris; vesicatoria.

Aguiar, L.A., Kimura, O., Castilho, A.M.C. and Castukgi, K.S.C. (1994). Occurrence of strains of Xanthomonas campestris resistant to copper. Fitopatol. Brasil. 19: 335 (Abstract).
Bender, C.L. and Cooksey, D.A. (1986). Indigenous plasmids in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato: conjugative transfer and copper resistance. J. Bacteriol. 172: 143-148.
Bender, C.L. and Cooksey, D.A. (1987). Molecular cloning of copper resistance genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. J. Bacteriol. 169: 470-474.
Bender, C.L., Malvick, D.K., Conway, K.E., George, S. and Pratt, P. (1990). Characterization of pXV10A, a copper resistance plasmid in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 170-175.
Brown, N.L., Rouch, D.A. and Lee, B.T.O. (1992). Copper resistance determinants in bacteria. Plasmid 27: 41-51.
Cha, J.-S. and Cooksey, D.A. (1991). Copper resistance in Pseudomonas syringae mediated by periplasmic and outer membrane proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 88: 8915-8919.
Cooksey, D.A. (1993). Copper uptake and resistance in bacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 7: 1-5.
Cooksey, D.A. and Azad, H.R. (1992). Accumulation of copper and other metals by copper resistant plant pathogenic and saprophytic Pseudomonas. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 274-278.
Cooksey, S.A., Azad, H.R., Cha, J.-S. and Lim, C.-K. (1990). Copper resistance gene homologs in pathogenic and saprophytic bacterial species from tomato. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 431-435.
Gange, T.J. and Page, A.L. (1974). Rapid acid dissolution of plant tissue for cadmium determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Atom. Abs. Newsletter 13: 131-134.
Marco, G.M. and Stall, R.E. (1983). Control of bacterial spot of pepper initiated by strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria that differ in sensitivity to copper. Plant Dis. 67: 779-781.
Mellano, M.A. and Cooksey, D.A. (1988a). Nucleotide sequence and organization of copper resistance genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. J. Bacteriol. 170: 2879-2883.
Mellano, M.A. and Cooksey, D.A. (1988b). Induction of copper resistance operon from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. J. Bacteriol. 170: 4399-4401.
Mills, S.D., Jasalavich, C.A. and Cooksey, D.A. (1993). A two component regulatory system required for copper-inducible expression of the copper resistance operon of Pseudomonas syringae. J. Bacteriol. 175: 1656-1664.
Nkong, C. and Ballance, G.M. (1982). A sensitive colorimetric procedure for nitrogen determination in micro-Kjeldahl digests. J. Agric. Food Chem. 30: 416-420.
Rouch, D., Camakaris, J., Lee, B.T.O. and Luke, R.K.J. (1985). Inducible plasmid mediated copper resistance in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131: 939-943.
Silver, S. and Walderhaug, M. (1992). Gene regulation of plasmid and chromosome-determined inorganic ion transport in bacteria. Microbiol. Rev. 56: 195-228.
Stall, R.E. and Thayer, P.L. (1962). Streptomycin resistance of the bacterial spot pathogen and control with streptomycin. Plant Dis. Rep. 46: 389-392.
Voloudakis, A.E., Bender, C.L. and Cooksey, D.A. (1993). Similarity between copper resistance genes from Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas syringae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 1627-1634.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
31 Oct 2006
Date of issue
1996

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Aguiar, L.A., Kimura, O., Castilho, A.M.C. and Castukgi, K.S.C. (1994). Occurrence of strains of Xanthomonas campestris resistant to copper. Fitopatol. Brasil. 19: 335 (Abstract).

[2] Bender, C.L. and Cooksey, D.A. (1986). Indigenous plasmids in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato: conjugative transfer and copper resistance. J. Bacteriol. 172: 143-148.

[3] Bender, C.L. and Cooksey, D.A. (1987). Molecular cloning of copper resistance genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. J. Bacteriol. 169: 470-474.

[4] Bender, C.L., Malvick, D.K., Conway, K.E., George, S. and Pratt, P. (1990). Characterization of pXV10A, a copper resistance plasmid in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 170-175.

[5] Brown, N.L., Rouch, D.A. and Lee, B.T.O. (1992). Copper resistance determinants in bacteria. Plasmid 27: 41-51.

[6] Cha, J.-S. and Cooksey, D.A. (1991). Copper resistance in Pseudomonas syringae mediated by periplasmic and outer membrane proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 88: 8915-8919.

[7] Cooksey, D.A. (1993). Copper uptake and resistance in bacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 7: 1-5.

[8] Cooksey, D.A. and Azad, H.R. (1992). Accumulation of copper and other metals by copper resistant plant pathogenic and saprophytic Pseudomonas. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 274-278.

[9] Cooksey, S.A., Azad, H.R., Cha, J.-S. and Lim, C.-K. (1990). Copper resistance gene homologs in pathogenic and saprophytic bacterial species from tomato. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 431-435.

[10] Gange, T.J. and Page, A.L. (1974). Rapid acid dissolution of plant tissue for cadmium determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Atom. Abs. Newsletter 13: 131-134.

[11] Marco, G.M. and Stall, R.E. (1983). Control of bacterial spot of pepper initiated by strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria that differ in sensitivity to copper. Plant Dis. 67: 779-781.

[12] Mellano, M.A. and Cooksey, D.A. (1988a). Nucleotide sequence and organization of copper resistance genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. J. Bacteriol. 170: 2879-2883.

[13] Mellano, M.A. and Cooksey, D.A. (1988b). Induction of copper resistance operon from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. J. Bacteriol. 170: 4399-4401.

[14] Mills, S.D., Jasalavich, C.A. and Cooksey, D.A. (1993). A two component regulatory system required for copper-inducible expression of the copper resistance operon of Pseudomonas syringae. J. Bacteriol. 175: 1656-1664.

[15] Nkong, C. and Ballance, G.M. (1982). A sensitive colorimetric procedure for nitrogen determination in micro-Kjeldahl digests. J. Agric. Food Chem. 30: 416-420.

[16] Rouch, D., Camakaris, J., Lee, B.T.O. and Luke, R.K.J. (1985). Inducible plasmid mediated copper resistance in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131: 939-943.

[17] Silver, S. and Walderhaug, M. (1992). Gene regulation of plasmid and chromosome-determined inorganic ion transport in bacteria. Microbiol. Rev. 56: 195-228.

[18] Stall, R.E. and Thayer, P.L. (1962). Streptomycin resistance of the bacterial spot pathogen and control with streptomycin. Plant Dis. Rep. 46: 389-392.

[19] Voloudakis, A.E., Bender, C.L. and Cooksey, D.A. (1993). Similarity between copper resistance genes from Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas syringae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 1627-1634.