Chromosome number in germplasm accessions of Paspalum notatum (Gramineae)

Chromosome number in germplasm accessions of Paspalum notatum (Gramineae)

Marisa T. Pozzobon and José Francisco M. Valls

Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, CENARGEN/EMBRAPA,

Caixa Postal 02372, 70770-900 Brasília, DF, Brasil. J.F.M.V. is the recipient of a CNPq fellowship.

Send correspondence to M.T.P.

ABSTRACT

Chromosome numbers are reported for 127 germplasm accessions of Paspalum notatum maintained by EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) in two research centers in Brazil. Most accessions were collected in their natural habitats in Southern Brazil.

Tetraploidy (2n = 40 chromosomes) was predominant (91% of the accessions studied), confirming previous reports for the species. Eleven accessions with 2n = 20 chromosomes, although collected in the wild, are possibly derived from ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass, commonly cultivated in the area since its introduction from the United States in the 60’s, for the establishment of permanent pastures.

INTRODUCTION

The botanical composition of natural grassland communities in Brazil shows a high contribution of species of the genus Paspalum. A high proportion of livestock production is based on natural pastures containing species of this genus.

Paspalum notatum Flügge is the most common species of this genus in Southern Brazil. Its importance as a forage plant in the subtropics is widely recognized. The center of origin of the species, as suggested by Parodi (1937), covers Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Northeastern Argentina and Paraguay. Distinct biotypes are found in Brazil, according to climatic and/or soil factors. Several such biotypes dominate in the botanical composition of large areas of natural pastures, especially in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Barreto, 1974). Many of them produce good quality forage and are highly resistant to grazing and trampling. However, part of these natural pastures are being progressively transformed for grain production. Inadequate agricultural systems are frequently leading to erosion and soil losses, and the reestablishment of a dense sward, with productive lines of P. notatum, may be a future necessity.

Tetraploid biotypes of P. notatum are obligate apomitics (Burton, 1948; Bashaw et al., 1970). Sexuality is restricted to P. notatum var. saurae (2n = 20), of which one cultivar, known as ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass, was selected and improved (Burton, 1990) from plants accidentally introduced into the United States from South America. All the variation observed in‘ Pensacola’ bahiagrass in the Southern United States was also observed in plants naturally growing on a small island of the Paraná river in Argentina (Burton, 1967).

No native diploid plants of this species have been found in Brazil. In Rio Grande do Sul, tetraploid forms (most probably all apomitic) are predominant. Tetraploids are found up to the north of the country, and are known in Central and Southeastern Brazil as "Grama Batatais" (Valls and Pozzobon, 1987).

The breeding potential of distinct biotypes of P. notatum is being studied through intra- and interspecific hybridization (Urbani, 1987). Some biotypes have already been included in breeding programs (Forbes Jr. and Burton, 1961). Information on the phylogenetic relationships among different species of Paspalum has been obtained from such studies (Burson et al., 1973; Quarín and Burson, 1983; Quarín et al., 1984). Agronomic studies have identified promising biotypes and some of them have became commercial cultivars, such as ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass. The Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) has accumulated germplasm with a broad array of morphotypes of P. notatum through field collection, especially in Southern Brazil. Such germoplasm is, presently, under morphological characterization and preliminary agronomic evaluation at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuária dos Campos Sul-brasileiros (CPPSUL), Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul State.

Apomitic reproduction has been considered normal for tetraploid P. notatum, while the sexuality of diploids has been linked to alogamy (Burton, 1955). As a consequence, basic information on the ploidy level of any new accession is important for the establishment of breeding programs, and also for determination of the most adequate procedures for multiplication of each accession.

The objective of this study was a thorough survey of chromosome numbers of the available accessions.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Almost all accessions studied were collected in Southern and West Central Brazil. A few of them are old introductions, from Paraguay and the United States; one is of unknown origin and another is from Amapá State, in Northern Brazil (Table I). Voucher specimens of most accessions are deposited in the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (CENARGEN) herbarium. Some accessions are maintained in a screenhouse at CENARGEN, and most of them are kept in field plots at CPPSUL.

Chromosome numbers were determined in meristematic cells of root tips taken from potted plants maintained in the screenhouse. Roots were pre-treated in a saturated solution of 1-bromonaphthalene for 2 h, and fixed in 3:1(alcohol:glacial acetic acid) for 24 h. They were then hydrolized in 1 N HCl at 60oC for 10 min, and transferred to a 2% pectinase solution for 45 min at room temperature. Staining followed the Feulgen technique. Roots were squashed on a slide in a drop of 2% aceto-orcein.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

More than 90% of the accessions had 2n = 40 chromosomes, and the remaining ones were diploid (2n = 20) (Table I). This species was initially reported to be tetraploid (Burton, 1940); however, diploid (2n = 20) as well as tetraploid (2n = 40) cytotypes were later found in Argentina (Saura, 1948). Triploids were also cited by Gould (1966) in a study of Mexican grasses. Until now only the tetraploid level had been reported for Brazilian accessions. This was confirmed for 16 P. notatum accessions from Rio Grande do Sul State (Fernandes et al., 1974) and for one accession from Rio Grande do Sul and four from Mato Grosso do Sul State (Honfi et al., 1990).

Natural occurrence of the diploid ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass is so far considered to be restricted to Argentina, on the margins and islands of the Paraná river and its tributaries, east of Santa Fé and west of Entre Ríos and Corrientes provinces (Burton, 1967). Native diploid forms of P. notatum could bring additional variability to breeding programs.

Although the native germplasm studied is predominantly tetraploid and shows characteristics of apomitic lines, elite genotypes can also be selected through agronomic evaluation aiming at good forage-producing accessions. On the other hand, apomitic forms could also be used as a source of variability, as pollen donors in crosses with artificially duplicated tetraploid sexual plants of ‘Pensacola’, to produce new cultivars, well adapted to Brazil and eventually more competitive in Southern Brazil.

The diploid accessions were originally collected (Figure 1) in areas of Rio Grande do Sul increasingly occupied by annual crops during the last three decades, especially in the Northern and Northwestern regions of the state. These are the Planalto Médio and Missões regions (Barreto, 1974), where permanent pastures of‘ Pensacola’ bahiagrass are eventually incorporated into the crop rotation. Given the widespread cultivation of this grass in other areas of Southern Brazil and possible seed transportation by floods down the Uruguay and Jacuí rivers, it is likely that all the diploid accessions now found are just escapes from areas of cultivated pastures of‘ Pensacola’ bahiagrass located at high altitude in the northern parts of Rio Grande do Sul State.

Figure 1 - Rio Grande do Sul State with approximate sites of origin in nature of diploid Paspalum notatum accessions studied: 1. VNSh 4067, 2. VBoPrOl 4669, 3. VBoPrLg 4768, 4. VBoSnSv 10036, 5. VZnMrOvW 12342, 6. VZnW 12370, 7. VZnW 12391, VZnW 12409, 8. VZnW 12414, VZnW 12416, VGoMrOv 12830.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks are due to Ricardo Kornelius and Marcelo B. Paganella for technical assistance.

RESUMO

Números cromossômicos são relatados para 127 acessos de Paspalum notatum mantidos pela EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) em coleções de germoplasma em dois centros de pesquisa, no Brasil. A maioria dos acessos foi coletada em seus habitats naturais no Sul do Brasil.

O nível tetraplóide (2n = 40) é predominante entre os acessos estudados (91%), confirmando ser esta a situação mais normal para a espécie. Onze acessos com 2n = 20 cromossomos, embora coletados na natureza, provavelmente descendem de populações exóticas da grama Pensacola, comumente cultivadas desde sua introdução no Sul do Brasil, vindas dos Estados Unidos, para cultivo de pastagens permanentes, na década de 60.

REFERENCES

Barreto, I.L. (1974). O gênero Paspalum (Gramineae) no Rio Grande do Sul. Livre Docência thesis, Departamento de Fitotecnia da Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS.

Bashaw, E.C., Hovin, A.W. and Holt, E.C. (1970). Apomixis, its evolutionary significance and utilization in plant breeding. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Grassland Congress (Norman, M.J.T., ed.). University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, pp. 245-248.

Burson, B.L., Lee, H. and Bennett, H.W. (1973). Genome relations between tetraploid Paspalum dilatatum and four diploid Paspalum species. Crop Sci. 13: 739-743.

Burton, G.W. (1940). A cytological study of some species in the genus Paspalum. J. Agric. Res. 60: 193-197.

Burton, G.W. (1948). The method of reproduction in common Bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum. J. Amer. Soc. Agron. 40: 443-452.

Burton, G.W. (1955). Breeding Pensacola bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum. I. Method of reproduction. Agron. J. 47: 311-314.

Burton, G.W. (1967). A search for the origin of Pensacola Bahiagrass. Econ. Bot. 21: 379-382.

Burton, G.W. (1990). Enhancing germplasm with mass selection. In: Advances in New Crops (Janick, J. and Simon, J.E., eds.). Timber Press, Portland, pp. 99-100.

Fernandes, M.I.B.M., Barreto, I.L., Salzano, F.M. and Sacchet, A.M.O.F. (1974). Cytological and evolutionary relationships in Brazilian forms of Paspalum (Gramineae). Caryologia 27: 455-465.

Forbes Jr., I. and Burton, G.W. (1961). Cytology of diploids, natural and induced tetraploids, and intraspecific hybrids of Bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum FLÜGGE. Crop. Sci. 1: 402-406.

Gould, F.W. (1966). Chromosome numbers of Mexican grasses. Can. J. Bot. 44: 1683-1696.

Honfi, A.I., Quarín, C.L. and Valls, J.F.M. (1990). Estudios cariológicos en gramíneas sudamericanas. Darwiniana 30: 87-94.

Parodi, L.R. (1937). Contribución al estudio de las gramíneas del género Paspalum de la flora uruguaya. Revista del Museo de La Plata, N.S., Bot. 1: 211-250.

Quarín, C.L. and Burson, B.L. (1983). Cytogenetic relations among Paspalum notatum var. saurae, P. pumilum, P. indecorum and P. vaginatum. Bot. Gaz. 144: 433-438.

Quarín, C.L., Burson, B.L. and Burton, G.W. (1984). Cytology of intra- and interspecific hybrids between two cytotypes of Paspalum notatum and P. cromyorrhizon. Bot. Gaz. 145: 420-426.

Saura, F. (1948). Cariología de gramíneas en Argentina. Rev. Fac. Agron. Vet. Buenos Aires 12: 51-67.

Urbani, M.H. (1987). Mejoramiento genético de una especie apomítica: P. notatum. In: Encontro Internacional sobre Melhoramento Genético de Paspalum (Anais). Nova Odessa, SP, pp. 67-68.

Valls, J.F.M. and Pozzobon, M.T. (1987). Variação apresentada pelos principais grupos taxonômicos de Paspalum com interesse forrageiro no Brasil. In: Encontro Internacional sobre Melhoramento Genético de Paspalum (Anais). Nova Odessa, SP, pp. 15-21.

(Received March 18, 1993)

Brazilian accession code (BRA-) Accession identification* Country**, state***, and localityLatitude Longitude Elevation 2n = 20 001112IAPAR-PG 6915USAN.A.N.A.N.A.007641VNSh 4067BRA, RS, Bom Jesus28o40’S050o26’W1000007803VBoPrOl 4669BRA, RS, Itaqui28o56’S056o16’W70007901VBoPrLg 4768BRA, RS, Osório29o57’S050o18’W25012351VBoSnSv 10036BRA, RS, Mostardas31o08’S050o55’W5017205VZnMrOvW 12342 BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito31o13’S050o58’W180017361VZnW 12370BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento 30o20’S056o15’W210017507VZnW 12391BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o54’S057o17’W70017647VZnW 12409BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o34’S056o48’W90017680VZnW 12414BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o24’S056o42’W90017701VZnW 12416BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o24’S056o42’W90018627VGoMrOv 12830BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o24’S056o42’W902n = 40 001015IAPAR-PG 68107PRY N.A.N.A.N.A.001074IAPAR-PG 6925PRYN.A.N.A.N.A.001082IAPAR-PG 6924PRYN.A.N.A.N.A.001139IAPAR-PG 6907BRA, PR, CuritibaN.A.N.A.N.A.001147IAPAR-PG 6906BRA, SPN.A.N.A.N.A.001155IAPAR-PG 6905BRAN.A.N.A.N.A.006271VGzLeBo 9667BRA, RS, Uruguaiana30o12’S057o33’W70006301VGzLeBo 9684BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o43’S057o01’W80006467VMrFrLw 9747BRA, RS, Alegrete29o50’S055o35’W190006513VMrFrLw 9782BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o33’S056o47’W90006599VMrFrLw 9822BRA, RS, Santo Ângelo28o24’S054o18’W260006629VMrFrLw 9828BRA, RS, Santo Ângelo28o18’S054o15’W260006637VMrFrLw 9829BRA, RS, Santo Ângelo28o18’S054o15’W260006645VMrFrLw 9830BRA, RS, Santo Ângelo28o18’S054o15’W260007668VNSh 4077BRA, RS, Bom Jesus28o39’S050o28’W1000007676VNSh 4093BRA, RS, Vacaria28o22’S050o50’W900007684VNSh 4121BRA, RS, Vacaria (cult.)28o27’S050o58’W900007731VNSh 4186BRA, RS, Tupanciretá29o03’S053o50’W480007773VCoBu 4385BRA, RS, Ivoti29o36’S051o07’W200007820VBoPrOl 4700BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o56’S057o10’W70007838VBoPrOl 4701BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o56’S057o10’W70007854VBoPrOl 4736BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento30o27’S055o07’W120007889VBoPrLg 4752BRA, RS, Osório30o07’S050o36’W25007935BdBoMi 211 BRA, RS, São Miguel das Missões N.A.N.A.N.A.007943BdBoMi 227BRA, RS, S. Antônio das MissõesN.A.N.A.N.A.007951BdBoMi 229BRA, RS, ItaquiN.A.N.A.N.A.007978BdBoMi 235-BBRA, RS, São BorjaN.A.N.A.N.A.007986EEA 673BRA, RS, GuaíbaN.A.N.A.N.A.008028EEL 2735BRA, SC, LagesN.A.N.A.N.A.008052AReVi 1827BRA, RS, BagéN.A.N.A.N.A.008061AReVi 1941BRA, RS UruguaianaN.A.N.A.N.A.010006VDBdSv 10137BRA, SC, Laguna 28o22’S048o46’W15010944VBdZa 10629BRA, RS, Iraí27o15’S053o17’W200011011VGnMrBd 10648BRA, RS, São Luiz Gonzaga28o26’S054o36’W200011657DGoMi 263BRA, SC, Campo Belo do Sul27o55’S050o38’W1000011703DGoMi 302BRA, SC, Campo Belo do Sul27o47’S050o54’W850011754DGoMi 316BRA, SC, Capinzal27o24’S051o31’W600012254VMcRb 11664BRA, AP, Macapá00o01’N051o03’W15012271GnMr 1BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito31o12’S054o50’W180012297GnMr 5BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito31o15’S054o52’W220012301GnMr 6BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito31o08’S054o47’W120012335GnMr 9BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito31o20’S054o53’W175012491VQFdSv 11741BRA, MS, Três Lagoas20o46’S051o40’W330012505VQFdSv 11742BRA, MS, Três Lagoas20o46’S051o40’W330012564VQFdSv 11795BRA, MS, Sidrolândia21o05’S054o19’W470012637VQFdSv 11808BRA, MS, Caarapó22o25’S054o41’W310012815VQFdSv 11853BRA, MS, Iguatemi23o33’S054o15’W310012891VQFdSv 11883BRA, MS, Ponta Porã22o30’S055o26’W720013005VQFdSv 11914BRA, MS, Amambaí23o16’S055o27’W600013374VGoSv 11149BRA, PR, Quatro Barras25o19’S049o03’W920014206 VGoSv 11376BRA, PR, Guarapuava25o25’S051o47’W980014231VGoSv 11387BRA, SC, São Lourenço do Oeste26o23’S051o46’W950014249VGoSv 11388BRA, SC, São Lourenço do Oeste26o23’S051o46’W950014265VGoSv 11414BRA, PR, Pato Branco26o14’S052o40’W650014401VGoSv 11452BRA, PR, Palmas26o31’S051o55’W1050014583VGoSv 11538BRA, SC, Campos Novos27o21’S051o16’W880014656VGoSv 11553BRA, SC, Curitibanos27o19’S050o44’W850016381VMrCaW 12121BRA, SC, São Joaquim28o14’S049o58’W1200016390VMrCaW 12122BRA, SC, São Joaquim28o14’S049o58’W1200016454VMrCaW 12156BRA, SC, Lages28o08’S050o39’W930016489VMrCaW 12160BRA, RS, Vacaria28o21’S050o50’W910016497VMrCaW 12161BRA, RS, Vacaria28o21’S050o50’W910016501VMrCaW 12164BRA, RS, Vacaria28o20’S050o18’W880016551VZnMrCaW 12178BRA, RS, Soledade28o51’S052o26’W610016560VZnMrCaW 12179BRA, RS, Soledade28o51’S052o26’W610016586VZnMrCaW 12203BRA, RS, Santa Barbara do Sul28o29’S053o08’W570016608VZnMrCaW 12208BRA, RS, Ijuí28o22’S053o14’W410016705VZnMrCaW 12234BRA, RS, S. Antônio das Missões28o30’S055o14’W270016781VZnMrCaW 12248BRA, RS, São Borja28o55’S055o36’W210016811VZnMrCaW 12253BRA, RS, Itaqui28o59’S055o18’W200016845VZnMrCaW 12260BRA, RS, Itaqui29o02’S055o15’W200016900VZnMrCaW 12267BRA, RS, Santiago29o08’S054o53’W440016926VZnMrCaW 12273BRA, RS, Santa Maria28o49’S053o45’W180016934VZnMrCaW 12274BRA, RS, Santa Maria28o49’S053o45’W180016942VZnMrCaW 12275BRA, RS, Santa Maria28o49’S053o45’W180017019VZnMrCaW 12286BRA, RS, São Sepé29o00’S053o40’W250017051VZnMrCaW 12293BRA, RS, Caçapava do Sul30o25’S053o31’W250017132VZnMrOvW 12324BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito31o00’S054o35’W130017248VZnW 12353BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento30o48’S055o38’W140017281VZnW 12359BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento30o22’S056o03’W140017299VZnW 12360BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento30o22’S056o03’W140017302VZnW 12361BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento30o22’S056o03’W140017345VZnW 12368BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento30o20’S056o15’W220017353VZnW 12369BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento30o20’S056o15’W220017396VZnW 12374BRA, RS, Quaraí30o14’S056o28’W210017400VZnW 12375BRA, RS, Quaraí30o14’S056o28’W210017418VZnW 12376BRA, RS, Quaraí30o14’S056o28’W210017436VZnW 12377BRA, RS, Quaraí30o14’S056o28’W210017434VZnW 12378BRA, RS, Quaraí30o14’S056o28’W210017442VZnW 12379BRA, RS, Quaraí30o14’S056o28’W210017512VZnW 12392BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o53’S057o19’W70017523VZnW 12393BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o53’S057o19’W70017531VZnW 12394BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o53’S057o19’W70017582VZnW 12401BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o55’S057o19’W70017591VZnW 12402BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o55’S057o19’W70017604VZnW 12403BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o55’S057o19’W70017612VZnW 12405BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o51’S057o07’W80017639VZnW 12408BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o34’S056o48’W90017655VZnW 12410BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o29’S056o42’W110017663VZnW 12411BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o29’S056o42’W110017671VZnW 12412BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o29’S056o42’W110017698VZnW 12415BRA, RS, Uruguaiana29o24’S056o42’W90017744VZnW 12426BRA, RS, São Luíz Gonzaga28o17’S054o56’W200017817VW 12448BRA, SC, Água Doce26o48’S051o42’W1140018210VMrLe 12472BRA, RS, Bagé31o18’S054o04’W250018350VGoMrOv 12750BRA, RS, São Gabriel30o24’S054o19’W150018368VGoMrOv 12751BRA, RS, São Gabriel30o24’S054o19’W150018376VGoMrOv 12752BRA, RS, São Gabriel30o24’S054o19’W150018384VGoMrOv 12753BRA, RS, São Gabriel30o24’S054o19’W150019232DBoMi 275BRA, SC, Campo Belo do Sul27o54’S050o44’W900019259IAPAR-PG 6912USAN.A.N.A.N.A.019267IAPAR-PG 6928PRYN.A.N.A.N.A.019275IAPAR-PG 6942N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.019283IAPAR-PG 6998PRYN.A.N.A.N.A.019321EEL 1244USAN.A.N.A.N.A.

Brazilian accession code (BRA-)	Accession identification*	Country**, state***, and locality	Latitude	Longitude	Elevation
2n = 20
001112	IAPAR-PG 6915	USA	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
007641	VNSh 4067	BRA, RS, Bom Jesus	28o40’S	050o26’W	1000
007803	VBoPrOl 4669	BRA, RS, Itaqui	28o56’S	056o16’W	70
007901	VBoPrLg 4768	BRA, RS, Osório	29o57’S	050o18’W	25
012351	VBoSnSv 10036	BRA, RS, Mostardas	31o08’S	050o55’W	5
017205	VZnMrOvW 12342	BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito	31o13’S	050o58’W	180
017361	VZnW 12370	BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento	30o20’S	056o15’W	210
017507	VZnW 12391	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o54’S	057o17’W	70
017647	VZnW 12409	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o34’S	056o48’W	90
017680	VZnW 12414	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o24’S	056o42’W	90
017701	VZnW 12416	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o24’S	056o42’W	90
018627	VGoMrOv 12830	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o24’S	056o42’W	90
2n = 40
001015	IAPAR-PG 68107	PRY	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
001074	IAPAR-PG 6925	PRY	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
001082	IAPAR-PG 6924	PRY	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
001139	IAPAR-PG 6907	BRA, PR, Curitiba	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
001147	IAPAR-PG 6906	BRA, SP	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
001155	IAPAR-PG 6905	BRA	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
006271	VGzLeBo 9667	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	30o12’S	057o33’W	70
006301	VGzLeBo 9684	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o43’S	057o01’W	80
006467	VMrFrLw 9747	BRA, RS, Alegrete	29o50’S	055o35’W	190
006513	VMrFrLw 9782	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o33’S	056o47’W	90
006599	VMrFrLw 9822	BRA, RS, Santo Ângelo	28o24’S	054o18’W	260
006629	VMrFrLw 9828	BRA, RS, Santo Ângelo	28o18’S	054o15’W	260
006637	VMrFrLw 9829	BRA, RS, Santo Ângelo	28o18’S	054o15’W	260
006645	VMrFrLw 9830	BRA, RS, Santo Ângelo	28o18’S	054o15’W	260
007668	VNSh 4077	BRA, RS, Bom Jesus	28o39’S	050o28’W	1000
007676	VNSh 4093	BRA, RS, Vacaria	28o22’S	050o50’W	900
007684	VNSh 4121	BRA, RS, Vacaria (cult.)	28o27’S	050o58’W	900
007731	VNSh 4186	BRA, RS, Tupanciretá	29o03’S	053o50’W	480
007773	VCoBu 4385	BRA, RS, Ivoti	29o36’S	051o07’W	200
007820	VBoPrOl 4700	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o56’S	057o10’W	70
007838	VBoPrOl 4701	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o56’S	057o10’W	70
007854	VBoPrOl 4736	BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento	30o27’S	055o07’W	120
007889	VBoPrLg 4752	BRA, RS, Osório	30o07’S	050o36’W	25
007935	BdBoMi 211	BRA, RS, São Miguel das Missões	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
007943	BdBoMi 227	BRA, RS, S. Antônio das Missões	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
007951	BdBoMi 229	BRA, RS, Itaqui	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
007978	BdBoMi 235-B	BRA, RS, São Borja	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
007986	EEA 673	BRA, RS, Guaíba	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
008028	EEL 2735	BRA, SC, Lages	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
008052	AReVi 1827	BRA, RS, Bagé	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
008061	AReVi 1941	BRA, RS Uruguaiana	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
010006	VDBdSv 10137	BRA, SC, Laguna	28o22’S	048o46’W	15
010944	VBdZa 10629	BRA, RS, Iraí	27o15’S	053o17’W	200
011011	VGnMrBd 10648	BRA, RS, São Luiz Gonzaga	28o26’S	054o36’W	200
011657	DGoMi 263	BRA, SC, Campo Belo do Sul	27o55’S	050o38’W	1000
011703	DGoMi 302	BRA, SC, Campo Belo do Sul	27o47’S	050o54’W	850
011754	DGoMi 316	BRA, SC, Capinzal	27o24’S	051o31’W	600
012254	VMcRb 11664	BRA, AP, Macapá	00o01’N	051o03’W	15
012271	GnMr 1	BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito	31o12’S	054o50’W	180
012297	GnMr 5	BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito	31o15’S	054o52’W	220
012301	GnMr 6	BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito	31o08’S	054o47’W	120
012335	GnMr 9	BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito	31o20’S	054o53’W	175
012491	VQFdSv 11741	BRA, MS, Três Lagoas	20o46’S	051o40’W	330
012505	VQFdSv 11742	BRA, MS, Três Lagoas	20o46’S	051o40’W	330
012564	VQFdSv 11795	BRA, MS, Sidrolândia	21o05’S	054o19’W	470
012637	VQFdSv 11808	BRA, MS, Caarapó	22o25’S	054o41’W	310
012815	VQFdSv 11853	BRA, MS, Iguatemi	23o33’S	054o15’W	310
012891	VQFdSv 11883	BRA, MS, Ponta Porã	22o30’S	055o26’W	720
013005	VQFdSv 11914	BRA, MS, Amambaí	23o16’S	055o27’W	600
013374	VGoSv 11149	BRA, PR, Quatro Barras	25o19’S	049o03’W	920
014206	VGoSv 11376	BRA, PR, Guarapuava	25o25’S	051o47’W	980
014231	VGoSv 11387	BRA, SC, São Lourenço do Oeste	26o23’S	051o46’W	950
014249	VGoSv 11388	BRA, SC, São Lourenço do Oeste	26o23’S	051o46’W	950
014265	VGoSv 11414	BRA, PR, Pato Branco	26o14’S	052o40’W	650
014401	VGoSv 11452	BRA, PR, Palmas	26o31’S	051o55’W	1050
014583	VGoSv 11538	BRA, SC, Campos Novos	27o21’S	051o16’W	880
014656	VGoSv 11553	BRA, SC, Curitibanos	27o19’S	050o44’W	850
016381	VMrCaW 12121	BRA, SC, São Joaquim	28o14’S	049o58’W	1200
016390	VMrCaW 12122	BRA, SC, São Joaquim	28o14’S	049o58’W	1200
016454	VMrCaW 12156	BRA, SC, Lages	28o08’S	050o39’W	930
016489	VMrCaW 12160	BRA, RS, Vacaria	28o21’S	050o50’W	910
016497	VMrCaW 12161	BRA, RS, Vacaria	28o21’S	050o50’W	910
016501	VMrCaW 12164	BRA, RS, Vacaria	28o20’S	050o18’W	880
016551	VZnMrCaW 12178	BRA, RS, Soledade	28o51’S	052o26’W	610
016560	VZnMrCaW 12179	BRA, RS, Soledade	28o51’S	052o26’W	610
016586	VZnMrCaW 12203	BRA, RS, Santa Barbara do Sul	28o29’S	053o08’W	570
016608	VZnMrCaW 12208	BRA, RS, Ijuí	28o22’S	053o14’W	410
016705	VZnMrCaW 12234	BRA, RS, S. Antônio das Missões	28o30’S	055o14’W	270
016781	VZnMrCaW 12248	BRA, RS, São Borja	28o55’S	055o36’W	210
016811	VZnMrCaW 12253	BRA, RS, Itaqui	28o59’S	055o18’W	200
016845	VZnMrCaW 12260	BRA, RS, Itaqui	29o02’S	055o15’W	200
016900	VZnMrCaW 12267	BRA, RS, Santiago	29o08’S	054o53’W	440
016926	VZnMrCaW 12273	BRA, RS, Santa Maria	28o49’S	053o45’W	180
016934	VZnMrCaW 12274	BRA, RS, Santa Maria	28o49’S	053o45’W	180
016942	VZnMrCaW 12275	BRA, RS, Santa Maria	28o49’S	053o45’W	180
017019	VZnMrCaW 12286	BRA, RS, São Sepé	29o00’S	053o40’W	250
017051	VZnMrCaW 12293	BRA, RS, Caçapava do Sul	30o25’S	053o31’W	250
017132	VZnMrOvW 12324	BRA, RS, Dom Pedrito	31o00’S	054o35’W	130
017248	VZnW 12353	BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento	30o48’S	055o38’W	140
017281	VZnW 12359	BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento	30o22’S	056o03’W	140
017299	VZnW 12360	BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento	30o22’S	056o03’W	140
017302	VZnW 12361	BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento	30o22’S	056o03’W	140
017345	VZnW 12368	BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento	30o20’S	056o15’W	220
017353	VZnW 12369	BRA, RS, Santana do Livramento	30o20’S	056o15’W	220
017396	VZnW 12374	BRA, RS, Quaraí	30o14’S	056o28’W	210
017400	VZnW 12375	BRA, RS, Quaraí	30o14’S	056o28’W	210
017418	VZnW 12376	BRA, RS, Quaraí	30o14’S	056o28’W	210
017436	VZnW 12377	BRA, RS, Quaraí	30o14’S	056o28’W	210
017434	VZnW 12378	BRA, RS, Quaraí	30o14’S	056o28’W	210
017442	VZnW 12379	BRA, RS, Quaraí	30o14’S	056o28’W	210
017512	VZnW 12392	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o53’S	057o19’W	70
017523	VZnW 12393	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o53’S	057o19’W	70
017531	VZnW 12394	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o53’S	057o19’W	70
017582	VZnW 12401	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o55’S	057o19’W	70
017591	VZnW 12402	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o55’S	057o19’W	70
017604	VZnW 12403	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o55’S	057o19’W	70
017612	VZnW 12405	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o51’S	057o07’W	80
017639	VZnW 12408	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o34’S	056o48’W	90
017655	VZnW 12410	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o29’S	056o42’W	110
017663	VZnW 12411	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o29’S	056o42’W	110
017671	VZnW 12412	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o29’S	056o42’W	110
017698	VZnW 12415	BRA, RS, Uruguaiana	29o24’S	056o42’W	90
017744	VZnW 12426	BRA, RS, São Luíz Gonzaga	28o17’S	054o56’W	200
017817	VW 12448	BRA, SC, Água Doce	26o48’S	051o42’W	1140
018210	VMrLe 12472	BRA, RS, Bagé	31o18’S	054o04’W	250
018350	VGoMrOv 12750	BRA, RS, São Gabriel	30o24’S	054o19’W	150
018368	VGoMrOv 12751	BRA, RS, São Gabriel	30o24’S	054o19’W	150
018376	VGoMrOv 12752	BRA, RS, São Gabriel	30o24’S	054o19’W	150
018384	VGoMrOv 12753	BRA, RS, São Gabriel	30o24’S	054o19’W	150
019232	DBoMi 275	BRA, SC, Campo Belo do Sul	27o54’S	050o44’W	900
019259	IAPAR-PG 6912	USA	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
019267	IAPAR-PG 6928	PRY	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
019275	IAPAR-PG 6942	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
019283	IAPAR-PG 6998	PRY	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
019321	EEL 1244	USA	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.

Table I - Chromosome numbers of Paspalum notatum accessions: 2n = 20, first 12; 2n = 40, all the rest.

*Collectors (or Institutions): A = A.C. Allem, Bd = I.I. Boldrini, Bo = S.C. Boechat, Bu = B.L. Burson, Ca = T.S. Canto, Co = L. Coradin, D = M. Dall’Agnol, EEA = Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, EEL = Estação Experimental de Lages da Empresa Catarinense de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Fd = M.S. França Dantas, Fr = J.M.O. Freitas, Gn = J.O.N. Gonçalves, Go = K.E. Gomes, Gz = S.O. Gonzaga, IAPAR-PG = Estação Experimental de Ponta Grossa do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Le = E. Lemos, Lg = H.M. Longhi, Lw = H.M. Longhi-Wagner, Mc = S. Mochiutti, Mi = S.T.S. Miotto, Mr = C.O.C. Moraes, N = C. Nabinger, Ol = M.L.A.A. Oliveira, Ov = J.C. Oliveira, Pr = A.I.C. Pereira, Q = C.L. Quarin, Rb = B. Rabelo, Re = J.C.L. Reis, Sh = V.P. Schell da Silva, Sn = A.M.P.V. Santos, Sv = G.P. Silva, V = J.F.M. Valls, Vi = J.G.A. Vieira, W = W.L. Werneck, Za = A.C.A. Zanatta, Zn = A. Zanin.

**Countries: BRA = Brazil, PRY = Paraguay, USA = United States of America.

***States: AP = Amapá, MS = Mato Grosso do Sul, PR = Paraná, RS = Rio Grande do Sul, SC = Santa Catarina, SP = São Paulo.

N.A.: Not available.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  13 Oct 1998
• Date of issue
  Mar 1997

History

• Received
  18 Mar 1993