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[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR promotes UVB-induced apoptosis and inflammatory injury by up-regulation of PKR in keratinocytes

Abstract

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause damage of the skin and may induce cancer, immunosuppression, photoaging, and inflammation. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is involved in multiple human biological processes. However, its role in UVB-induced keratinocyte injury is unclear. This study was performed to investigate the effects of HOTAIR in UVB-induced apoptosis and inflammatory injury in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the expression levels of HOTAIR, PKR, TNF-α, and IL-6. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue exclusion method and cell apoptosis using flow cytometry and western blot. ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6. Western blot was used to measure the expression of PKR, apoptosis-related proteins, and PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathway proteins. UVB induced HaCaT cell injury by inhibiting cell viability and promoting cell apoptosis and expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α. UVB also promoted the expression of HOTAIR. HOTAIR suppression increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis and expression of inflammatory factors in UVB-treated cells. HOTAIR also promoted the expression of PKR. Overexpression of HOTAIR decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis and expression of inflammatory factors in UVB-treated cells by upregulating PKR. Overexpression of PKR decreased cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis in UVB-treated cells. Overexpression of PKR activated PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways. Our findings identified an essential role of HOTAIR in promoting UVB-induced apoptosis and inflammatory injury by up-regulating PKR in keratinocytes.

HOTAIR; UVB-induced apoptosis; Inflammatory injury; PKR; Keratinocytes


Retraction for: Braz J Med Biol Res | doi: http://10.1590/1414-431X20186896 | PMID: 29898032 | PMCID: PMC6002131

The authors would like to retract the article “Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR promotes UVB-induced apoptosis and inflammatory injury by up-regulation of PKR in keratinocytes” that was published in volume 51 no. 8 (2018) (Epub June 11, 2018) of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research.

After the publication of this study, the corresponding author requested its retraction due to “the identification of unspecified data inconsistency that could lead to mistaken conclusions.” The Editors agreed with and endorsed that decision.

The Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research had received authorization from all authors before the publication of the paper. We regret the unprofessional behavior of the authors involved.

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    11 June 2018

History

  • Received
    16 Sept 2017
  • Accepted
    9 Apr 2018
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