Haematological characteristics associated with parasitism in mullets, Mugil platanus Günther, from the estuarine region of Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil

Ranzani-Paiva, María José Tavares; Ishikawa, Carlos Massatoshi; Campos, Benedicto do Espírito-Santo de; Eiras, Augusta Cocuzza das

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751997000200007

Abstract

This study involved 344 Mullets, Mugil platanus Günther, 1880, captured in the estuarine region of Cananeia, São Paulo, Brazil (25º00'S, 47º55'W). The following data were recorded for each fish: total weight, total length, haemoglobin ratio (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), erythrocyte count (Er), differential leucocyte count (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils and "other cells") and haematometric indices; MCV, MCH, and MCHC. The sex and stage of gonadal maturity (undifferentiated, juvenile, resting, maturing, mature, and spent) were determined by macroscopical inspection of the gonads. Parasitological inspections revealed the following infestations: Gills - Trichodinidae, Monogenea, Copepoda, and Hirudinea. Liver: cysts of Digenea. Intestine: Nematoda, Digenea and Acanthocephala. Blood: Trypanosoma sp. and Haemogregarina sp. Analysis of variance was done to evaluate how far blood and gill parasitism had any effect on total length, total weight, the biological condition factor or the measured blood parameters. Significant differences were found for the haematocrit (infested versus noninfested by Trichodinidae) and for MCHC (infested versus noninfested by Trichodinidae and Copepoda). No differences were found with regard to leucocytes.

Mugil platanus; hematology; parasitism; mullet; estuarine region

Haematological characteristics associated with parasitism in mullets, Mugil platanus Günther, from the estuarine region of Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil

María José Tavares Ranzani-Paiva^I; Carlos Massatoshi Ishikawa^I; Benedicto do Espírito-Santo de Campos^II; Augusta Cocuzza das Eiras^I

^ISeção de Aquicultura, Divisão de Pesca Interior, Instituto de Pesca, CPA, SAA. Avenida Francisco Matarazzo 455, 05031-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil

^IIInstituto de Zootecnia, CPA, SAA. Rua Heitor Penteado 56, Caixa Postal 60, 13460-000 Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT

This study involved 344 Mullets, Mugil platanus Günther, 1880, captured in the estuarine region of Cananeia, São Paulo, Brazil (25º00'S, 47º55'W). The following data were recorded for each fish: total weight, total length, haemoglobin ratio (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), erythrocyte count (Er), differential leucocyte count (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils and "other cells") and haematometric indices; MCV, MCH, and MCHC. The sex and stage of gonadal maturity (undifferentiated, juvenile, resting, maturing, mature, and spent) were determined by macroscopical inspection of the gonads. Parasitological inspections revealed the following infestations: Gills - Trichodinidae, Monogenea, Copepoda, and Hirudinea. Liver: cysts of Digenea. Intestine: Nematoda, Digenea and Acanthocephala. Blood: Trypanosoma sp. and Haemogregarina sp. Analysis of variance was done to evaluate how far blood and gill parasitism had any effect on total length, total weight, the biological condition factor or the measured blood parameters. Significant differences were found for the haematocrit (infested versus noninfested by Trichodinidae) and for MCHC (infested versus noninfested by Trichodinidae and Copepoda). No differences were found with regard to leucocytes.

Key words:Mugil platanus, hematology, parasitism, mullet, estuarine region

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Thanks go to laboratory technicians Jose Plaza and Helio Sanches Mariscal, for their valuable collaborations in the collections of the fish and to graphic artist Regina Celia Barbosa da Silva, who drew the graphs. An IP-SAA/SECIRM joint project.

Recebido em 30.XI.1995; aceito em 10.VI.1997.

Becker, C.D. 1970. Haematozoa of fishes, with emphasis on north american records. A Symposium on diseases of fishes and shellfishes, American Fisheries Society, 5:82-100.
Blaxhall, P.C. 1972. The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish. Jour. Fish Biol. 4:593-604.
Carnevia, D.; R. Mazzoni; O. Areosa; T. Eastman & D. Lorenzo. 1988. Variaciones estacionales de diversas parasitosis en la lisa Mugil liza Val. 1836 del Rio de la Plata. Anais VI Simpósio Latinoamericano de Aquicultura, Associação Brasileira de Aqüicultura, Florianópolis, p. 299-304.
Collier, H.B. 1944. The standardization of blood haemoglobin determinations. Can. med. Ass. Jour. 50:550-552.
Conroy, G.; D.A. Conroy. 1984. Diseases and parasites detected in Grey Mullets (Mugilidae) from coastal waters of São Paulo State, Brasil. I. Adult silver mullet (Mugil curema Val. 1836). Revta Ita. Piscic. Ictiop. 19 (1):14-28.
Costa Neto, P.L. 1977. Estatística. São Paulo, Edgard Bluncher, 246 p.
Cottrell, B.J. 1977. A trypanosome from the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, L.. Jour. Fish Biol. 11 (1):35-47.
Einszporn-Orecka, T. 1970. Quantitative changes in the circulating blood of tench (Tinca tinca (L.) infested by Ergasilus sieboldi Nordm. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 17 (30/4):463-481.
Eiras, J.C. 1987a. Detection of Haemogregarina bigemina (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) infection in fish erythrocytes by phase-contrast microscopy. Jour. Fish Biol. 31 (2):291 -292.
______. 1987b. Occurence of Haemogregarina bigemina (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in Blenniuspholis (Pisces: Blenniidae) along the Portuguese west coast. Jour. Fish Biol. 30 (5):597-603.
Facchini, B.H. 1987. Estudos hematológicos sobre Mugil liza Cuvier & Valenciennes e Mugil curema Cuvier & Valenciennes da região estuarino lagunar de Cananéia -25º1'S - Brasil. PhD. Thesis, unpublished, Instituto de Biociências, 159 p.
Goldenfarb, P.B.; F.P. Bowyer; E. Hall & E. Brosius. 1971. Reproducibility in the hematology laboratory: the microhematocrit determination. Amer. Jour. Clin. Path. 56 (1):35-39.
Harvey, W.R. 1987. User's guide for LSMLMW: Mixed model-version. Ohio State University, 59 p.
Isaac-Naum, V.J. & A.E.A.M. Vazzoller. 1983. Biologia reprodutiva de Micropogonia furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Teleostei, Scianidae). 1. Fator de condição como indicador do período de desova. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. 32 (1):63-69.
Khan, R.A. 1977. Blood changes in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) infected with Trypanosoma murmanensis. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34:2193-2196.
______. 1985. Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma murmanensis in marine fish of northwestern Atlantic following experimental tranmission. Can. Jour. Zool. 63:2141-2144.
Khan, R.A.; J. Campbell & M. Barret. 1980. Trypanosoma murmanensis: its effect on the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus. Jour. Wildl. Dis. 16:359-361.
Kinkelin, P. de; CH. Michel & P. Ghitino. 1991. Tratado de las enfermedades de los peces. Zaragoza, Acribia S.A., 353 p.
Kirmse, P. 1980. Observations on the pathogenicity of Haemogregarina sachai Kirmse, 1978, in farmed turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.). Jour. Fish Dis. 3:101-114.
Letch, C.A. & S.J. Ball. 1979. Prevalence of Trypanososma cobitis Mitrophanow, 1833 in fishes from the River Lee. Parasitology 79:119-124.
Natarajan, P. & S. Felix. 1987 Studies on infestation and effects of certain parasites of Mystus gulio along the south-east coast of India. Aquaculture 67:233-235.
Paperna, I. & M. Lahav. 1974. Mortality among grey mullets in a seawater pond due caligiid parasitic copepod epizootic. Bamidgeh 26 (1):12-15.
Paperna, I.; R.M. Overstreet. 1981. Parasites and diseases of mullets (Mugilidae), p. 411-493. In: O.H. Oren (Ed.). Aquaculture of grey mullets. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 507p.
Pavanelli, G.C. & M.H.M. Santos. 1991. Proteocefalídeos parasitos de peixes, em especial Pimelodídeos, do Rio Paraná. Revta Unimar 13 (2):163-175.
Pulsford, A. 1984. Preliminary studies on tripanosomes from the dogfish, Scyliarhinus canicula L. Jour. Fish Biol. 24 (6):671-682.
Roberts, R.J. 1981. Patologia de los Peces. Madrid, Mundi-Prensa, 366 p.
Scorvo Filho, J.D.; E.R. Almeida-Dias; L.M.S Ayroza & P.F.C. Novato. 1992. Efeito da densidade sobre o desenvolvimento de alevinos de tainha listrada (Mugil platanus) em água doce. Bol. Inst. Pesca 19:105-109.
Smirnova, L.I. 1971. Pathology of carp blood infested by haemogregarina. Hidrobiología 37(1):1-6.
Tatcher, V.E. 1981. Patologia de peixes da Amazônia brasileira, 1. Aspectos gerais. Acta Amazonica 11 (1):125-140.
Tort, L.; J.J. Watson & I.G. Priede. 1987. Changes in in vitro heart performance in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, infected with Apatemon gracilis (Digenea). Jour. Fish Biol. 30 (3):341-347.
Wintrobe, M.M. 1934. Variations in the size and hemoglobin content of erythrocytes in the blood of various vertebrates. Folia Haematologica 51:32-49.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
13 July 2009
Date of issue
1997

History

Accepted
10 June 1997
Received
30 Nov 1995

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Becker, C.D. 1970. Haematozoa of fishes, with emphasis on north american records. A Symposium on diseases of fishes and shellfishes, American Fisheries Society, 5:82-100.

[2] Blaxhall, P.C. 1972. The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish. Jour. Fish Biol. 4:593-604.

[3] Carnevia, D.; R. Mazzoni; O. Areosa; T. Eastman & D. Lorenzo. 1988. Variaciones estacionales de diversas parasitosis en la lisa Mugil liza Val. 1836 del Rio de la Plata. Anais VI Simpósio Latinoamericano de Aquicultura, Associação Brasileira de Aqüicultura, Florianópolis, p. 299-304.

[4] Collier, H.B. 1944. The standardization of blood haemoglobin determinations. Can. med. Ass. Jour. 50:550-552.

[5] Conroy, G.; D.A. Conroy. 1984. Diseases and parasites detected in Grey Mullets (Mugilidae) from coastal waters of São Paulo State, Brasil. I. Adult silver mullet (Mugil curema Val. 1836). Revta Ita. Piscic. Ictiop. 19 (1):14-28.

[6] Costa Neto, P.L. 1977. Estatística. São Paulo, Edgard Bluncher, 246 p.

[7] Cottrell, B.J. 1977. A trypanosome from the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, L.. Jour. Fish Biol. 11 (1):35-47.

[8] Einszporn-Orecka, T. 1970. Quantitative changes in the circulating blood of tench (Tinca tinca (L.) infested by Ergasilus sieboldi Nordm. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 17 (30/4):463-481.

[9] Eiras, J.C. 1987a. Detection of Haemogregarina bigemina (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) infection in fish erythrocytes by phase-contrast microscopy. Jour. Fish Biol. 31 (2):291 -292.

[10] ______. 1987b. Occurence of Haemogregarina bigemina (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in Blenniuspholis (Pisces: Blenniidae) along the Portuguese west coast. Jour. Fish Biol. 30 (5):597-603.

[11] Facchini, B.H. 1987. Estudos hematológicos sobre Mugil liza Cuvier & Valenciennes e Mugil curema Cuvier & Valenciennes da região estuarino lagunar de Cananéia -25º1'S - Brasil. PhD. Thesis, unpublished, Instituto de Biociências, 159 p.

[12] Goldenfarb, P.B.; F.P. Bowyer; E. Hall & E. Brosius. 1971. Reproducibility in the hematology laboratory: the microhematocrit determination. Amer. Jour. Clin. Path. 56 (1):35-39.

[13] Harvey, W.R. 1987. User's guide for LSMLMW: Mixed model-version. Ohio State University, 59 p.

[14] Isaac-Naum, V.J. & A.E.A.M. Vazzoller. 1983. Biologia reprodutiva de Micropogonia furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Teleostei, Scianidae). 1. Fator de condição como indicador do período de desova. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. 32 (1):63-69.

[15] Khan, R.A. 1977. Blood changes in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) infected with Trypanosoma murmanensis. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34:2193-2196.

[16] ______. 1985. Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma murmanensis in marine fish of northwestern Atlantic following experimental tranmission. Can. Jour. Zool. 63:2141-2144.

[17] Khan, R.A.; J. Campbell & M. Barret. 1980. Trypanosoma murmanensis: its effect on the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus. Jour. Wildl. Dis. 16:359-361.

[18] Kinkelin, P. de; CH. Michel & P. Ghitino. 1991. Tratado de las enfermedades de los peces. Zaragoza, Acribia S.A., 353 p.

[19] Kirmse, P. 1980. Observations on the pathogenicity of Haemogregarina sachai Kirmse, 1978, in farmed turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.). Jour. Fish Dis. 3:101-114.

[20] Letch, C.A. & S.J. Ball. 1979. Prevalence of Trypanososma cobitis Mitrophanow, 1833 in fishes from the River Lee. Parasitology 79:119-124.

[21] Natarajan, P. & S. Felix. 1987 Studies on infestation and effects of certain parasites of Mystus gulio along the south-east coast of India. Aquaculture 67:233-235.

[22] Paperna, I. & M. Lahav. 1974. Mortality among grey mullets in a seawater pond due caligiid parasitic copepod epizootic. Bamidgeh 26 (1):12-15.

[23] Paperna, I.; R.M. Overstreet. 1981. Parasites and diseases of mullets (Mugilidae), p. 411-493. In: O.H. Oren (Ed.). Aquaculture of grey mullets. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 507p.

[24] Pavanelli, G.C. & M.H.M. Santos. 1991. Proteocefalídeos parasitos de peixes, em especial Pimelodídeos, do Rio Paraná. Revta Unimar 13 (2):163-175.

[25] Pulsford, A. 1984. Preliminary studies on tripanosomes from the dogfish, Scyliarhinus canicula L. Jour. Fish Biol. 24 (6):671-682.

[26] Roberts, R.J. 1981. Patologia de los Peces. Madrid, Mundi-Prensa, 366 p.

[27] Scorvo Filho, J.D.; E.R. Almeida-Dias; L.M.S Ayroza & P.F.C. Novato. 1992. Efeito da densidade sobre o desenvolvimento de alevinos de tainha listrada (Mugil platanus) em água doce. Bol. Inst. Pesca 19:105-109.

[28] Smirnova, L.I. 1971. Pathology of carp blood infested by haemogregarina. Hidrobiología 37(1):1-6.

[29] Tatcher, V.E. 1981. Patologia de peixes da Amazônia brasileira, 1. Aspectos gerais. Acta Amazonica 11 (1):125-140.

[30] Tort, L.; J.J. Watson & I.G. Priede. 1987. Changes in in vitro heart performance in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, infected with Apatemon gracilis (Digenea). Jour. Fish Biol. 30 (3):341-347.

[31] Wintrobe, M.M. 1934. Variations in the size and hemoglobin content of erythrocytes in the blood of various vertebrates. Folia Haematologica 51:32-49.