A revision of New World Brontaea Kowarz (Diptera, Muscidae)

Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de; Pont, Adrian Charles

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751997000300020

Abstract

Five species of Brontaea Kowarz (=Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy, preocc.) occur in the New World. B. humilis (Zetterstedt) has been introduced from Europe and is known from a few localities in eastern and Pacific coast Canada and USA. B. normata (Bigot) is an endemic Neotropical species. The other species, B. debilis (Williston), B. quadristigma (Thomson) (=cilifera Malloch, syn.nov.) and B. delecta (Wulp) (=arcuata Stein) occur throughout warm and temperate areas of the Americas. They are common filth flies, and are frequently collected in faeces-baited traps. Brontaea is probably a polyphyletic genus. The species discussed here appear to be correctly placed in the subfamily Mydaeinae. An identification key. descriptions, illustrations and geographic distribution are given for all five species.

Brontaea; distribution; habits; New World; taxonomy

A revision of New World Brontaea Kowarz (Diptera, Muscidae)¹ 1 Contribuition number 726 of the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Claudio José Barros de Carvalho^I; Adrian Charles Pont^II

^IDepartamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. CNPq fellow E-mail: cjbcarva@bio.ufpr.br

^IIHope Entomological Collections, University Museum. Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK

ABSTRACT

Five species of Brontaea Kowarz (=Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy, preocc.) occur in the New World. B. humilis (Zetterstedt) has been introduced from Europe and is known from a few localities in eastern and Pacific coast Canada and USA. B. normata (Bigot) is an endemic Neotropical species. The other species, B. debilis (Williston), B. quadristigma (Thomson) (=cilifera Malloch, syn.nov.) and B. delecta (Wulp) (=arcuata Stein) occur throughout warm and temperate areas of the Americas. They are common filth flies, and are frequently collected in faeces-baited traps. Brontaea is probably a polyphyletic genus. The species discussed here appear to be correctly placed in the subfamily Mydaeinae. An identification key. descriptions, illustrations and geographic distribution are given for all five species.

Key words:Brontaea, distribution, habits. New World, taxonomy.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We are most grateful to the collection managers of the institutions listed in the introduction for enabling us to study material in the collections under their care. This paper was completed whilst ACP was on a scientific exchange at the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, and for this the support of the British Council and of CNPq (grant # 450.099/96-2) is gratefully acknowledged.

Recebido em 10.I.1997; aceito em 10.IX.1997.

¹
Aldrich, J.M. 1905. A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithson. misc. Colins 1444:1-680.
Bigot, J.M.F. 1885. Diptères nouveaux ou peu connus. 25^e partie. XXXIII. Anthomyzides nouvelles. Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 4:263-304 [1884]
Blume, R.R. 1986. Parasites of Diptera associated with bovine droppings on a pasture in east central Texas. Southwest Entomol. 11:215-222.
Capriles, J.M. & C.A. Navarro. 1971. Additions and corrections to Wolcott's "Insects of Puerto Rico". Caribb. Jour. Sci. 7:45-64.
Carvalho, C.J.B. de. 1989. Classificação de Muscidae (Diptera): uma proposta através da análise cladística. Revta bras. Zool. 6:627-648.
Carvalho, C.J.B. de & M.S. Couri. 1992. Muscidae, Fanniidae e Calliphoridae (Diptera) do Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 21:35-43.
Carvalho, C.J.B. de; M.S. Couri; A.C. Pont; D. Pamplona & S.M. Lopes. 1993. Part II, Muscidae. In: C.J.B. de Carvalho (Ed.). A Catalogue of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region. São Paulo, Sociedade Brasileira de Entomología, 201p.
Collin, J.E. 1930. A revision of the Greenland species of the anthomyid genus Limnophora sens. lat. (Diptera), with figures of the male genitalia of these and many other Palaearctic species. Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 78:255-281.
Coquillett, D.W. 1900. Report on a collection of dipterous insects from Puerto Rico. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 22:249-270.
______. 1910. The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 37:499-647.
¹¹
Curran, C.H. 1928. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Diptera or Two-winged Flies. In: Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, New York, 11 (1):1-118.
______. 1938. New American Diptera. Amer. Mus. Novit. 975:1-7.
Garcia, P.C. 1964. Moscas de Venezuela. Caracas, 17p.
Giglio-Tos, E. 1893. Diagnosi di nuovi generi e di nuove specie di Ditteri. VIII. Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino 8 (147):1-11.
Gregor, F. 1975. Synanthropy of Anthomyiidae, Muscidae and Calliphoridae (Diptera) in Cuba. Folia parasit. 22:57-71.
Hennig, W. 1959. Muscidae [Part, Lieferung 204]. In: E. Lindner (Ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, Stuttgart, 63b:233-288.
Howard, L.O. 1900. A contribution to the study of the insect fauna of human excrement. Proc. Wash Acad. Sci . 2:541-604.
Huckett, H.C. 1932. The North American species of the genus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy, with descriptions of new species (Muscidae, Diptera) [Part.]. Jour. N.Y. ent. Soc. 40:25-76.
______. 1965a. The Muscidae of Northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Diptera). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 42:1-369.
______. 1965b. Muscidae, p. 869-915. In: A. Stone; C.W. Sabrosky; W.W. Wirth; R.H. Foote & J. Coulson (Eds). A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Handbook (276):1-1696.
______. 1972. Francis Walker's little known North American specimens of the families Anthomyiidae and Muscidae (Diptera) in the British Museum (Natural History). Ent. News 83:169-172.
______. 1975. The Muscidae of California exclusive of subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae. Bull. Calif. Insect Surv. 18:1-148.
Kowarz, F. 1873. Beitrag zur Dipteren-Fauna Ungarns. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 23:453-464.
Linhares, A.X. 1981. Synanthropy of Muscidae, Fanniidae and Anthomyiidae (Diptera) in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Revta bras. Ent. 25:231-243.
Malloch, J.R. 1920. Descriptions of New North American Anthomyiidae (Diptera). Trans. Amer. ent. Soc. 46:133-196.
McAlpine, J.F. 1981. Morphology and terminology, p.9-63. In: J.F. McAlpine; B.V. Peterson; G.E. Shewell; H.J. Teskey; J.R. Vockeroth & D.M. Wood (Eds). Manual of Nearctic Diptera 1. Res. Branch Agric. Canada, Ontario, Monograph 27:1-674.
Mendes, J. & A.X. Linhares. 1993. Atratividade por iscas, sazonalidade e desenvolvimento ovariano em várias espécies de Muscidae (Diptera). Revta bras. Ent. 37:289-297.
Pont, A.C. 1972. A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. 97. Family Muscidae. São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, 111p.
______. 1977. The Australian and some other species of Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae). Aust. Jour. Zool. 25:347-369.
______. 1986. Family Muscidae. In: Á. Soós & L. Papp (Eds). Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 11. Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 346p.
Ringdahl, O. 1918. Neue nordische Anthomyiden. Ent. Tidskr. 39:148-194.
______. 1939. Diptera der Fam. Muscidae (die Gattungen Aricia und Anthomyza) von Zetterstedt in "Insecta Lapponica" und "Diptera Scandinaviae" beschrieben. Opusc. Ent. 4:137-159.
Roberts, R.A. 1934. Some Insects collected in Mexico, mostly in association with man and animals or animal products. Jour. N.Y. ent. Soc. 42:249-262.
Robineau-Desvoidy, A.J.B. 1863. Histoire naturelle des Diptères des environs de Paris. Oeuvre posthume du D^r Robineau-Desvoidy publiée par les soins de sa famille, sous la direction de M. H. Monceaux. Paris, Masson, Leipzig, Vol. 2, p. 1-920.
Séguy, E. 1937. Diptera Fam. Muscidae. In: P. Wytsman (Ed.). Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 205:1-604.
Skidmore, P. 1985. The biology of the Muscidae of the world. Series ent., 29:1-550.
Stein, P. 1898. Nordamerikanische Anthomyiden. Beitrag zur Dipterenfauna der Vereinigten Staaten. Berl. ent. Z. 42:161-288 [1897]
______. 1901. Die Walker'schen aussereuropäischen Anthomyiden in der Sammlung des British Museum zu London (Dipt.). Z. syst. Hymenopt Dipterol. 1:185-221.
______. 1904. Die amerikanischen Anthomyiden des Königlichen Museums für Naturkunde zu Berlin und des Ungarischen National-Museums zu Budapest. Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 2:414-495.
______. 1907. Revision der Bigot'schen und einiger von Macquart beschriebenen aussereuropäischen Anthomyiden (Dipt.). [Part.] Z. syst. Hymenopt. Dipterol. 7:273-293.
______. 1910. Die von Thomson beschriebenen Anthomyiden der Eugenies Resa. Wien. ent. Ztg 29:66-78.
______. 1911. Die von Schnuse in Südamerika gefangenen Anthomyiden. Arch. Naturgesch. 77(1):61-189.
______. 1918. Zur weitern Kenntnis aussereuropäischer Anthomyiden. Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 16:147-244.
______. 1919. Die Anthomyidengattungen der Welt, analytisch bearbeitet, nebst einem kritisch-systematischen Verzeichnis aller aussereuropäischen Arten. Arch. Naturgesch., 83 (1):85-178 [1917]
Thomson, CG. 1869. Diptera. Species nova descripsit. In: Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring jorden under befäl af CA. Virgin, ären 1851-1853. Stockholm, Norstedt Zoologi, Part 2, p.443-614.
Webb, D.W. 1980. Primary insect types in the Illinois Natural History Survey collection, exclusive of the Collembola and Thysanoptera. Bull. Ill. nat. Hist. Surv. 32:51-191.
Wharton, R.A. & R.D. Moon. 1979. Puparia of cyclorrhaphous Diptera from bovine dung in open pasture and rangeland in the transition zone of western North America. Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 72:80-89.
Williston, S.W. 1896. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Trans, ent. Soc. Lond.:253-446.
Wolcott, G.N. 1924. "Insectae Portoricensis". A preliminary annotated check-list of the insects of Porto Rico, with descriptions of some new species. Jour. Dep. Agric. P. Rico 7:1-313.
Wolcott, G.N. 1948. The Insects of Puerto Rico. Diptera. Jour. Agric. Univ. P. Rico 32:417-532.
Woodley, N.E. & D.J. Hilburn. 1994. The Diptera of Bermuda. Contr. Amer. ent. Inst. 28(2):1-64.
Wulp, F.M. van der. 1896. Group Anthomyinae. [Part.] In: F.D. Godman & O. Salvin (Eds). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia-Insecta-Diptera. London, Taylor & Francis, part 132, p.321-344.
Zetterstedt, J.W. 1860. Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. [Part.] Tomus decimus qvartus seu ultimus, continens addenda, corrigenda & emendanda tomis prioribus, una cum indice alphabetico novarum speciarum hujus & praecedentis tomi, atque generico omnium tomorum. Lundae [=Lund], ex officina lundbergiana, p.6191-6609.

1

Contribuition number 726 of the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
10 July 2009
Date of issue
Sept 1997

History

Accepted
10 Sept 1997
Received
10 Jan 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ¹
Aldrich, J.M. 1905. A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithson. misc. Colins 1444:1-680.

[2] Bigot, J.M.F. 1885. Diptères nouveaux ou peu connus. 25^e partie. XXXIII. Anthomyzides nouvelles. Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 4:263-304 [1884]

[3] Blume, R.R. 1986. Parasites of Diptera associated with bovine droppings on a pasture in east central Texas. Southwest Entomol. 11:215-222.

[4] Capriles, J.M. & C.A. Navarro. 1971. Additions and corrections to Wolcott's "Insects of Puerto Rico". Caribb. Jour. Sci. 7:45-64.

[5] Carvalho, C.J.B. de. 1989. Classificação de Muscidae (Diptera): uma proposta através da análise cladística. Revta bras. Zool. 6:627-648.

[6] Carvalho, C.J.B. de & M.S. Couri. 1992. Muscidae, Fanniidae e Calliphoridae (Diptera) do Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 21:35-43.

[7] Carvalho, C.J.B. de; M.S. Couri; A.C. Pont; D. Pamplona & S.M. Lopes. 1993. Part II, Muscidae. In: C.J.B. de Carvalho (Ed.). A Catalogue of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region. São Paulo, Sociedade Brasileira de Entomología, 201p.

[8] Collin, J.E. 1930. A revision of the Greenland species of the anthomyid genus Limnophora sens. lat. (Diptera), with figures of the male genitalia of these and many other Palaearctic species. Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 78:255-281.

[9] Coquillett, D.W. 1900. Report on a collection of dipterous insects from Puerto Rico. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 22:249-270.

[10] ______. 1910. The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 37:499-647.

[11] ¹¹
Curran, C.H. 1928. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Diptera or Two-winged Flies. In: Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, New York, 11 (1):1-118.

[12] ______. 1938. New American Diptera. Amer. Mus. Novit. 975:1-7.

[13] Garcia, P.C. 1964. Moscas de Venezuela. Caracas, 17p.

[14] Giglio-Tos, E. 1893. Diagnosi di nuovi generi e di nuove specie di Ditteri. VIII. Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino 8 (147):1-11.

[15] Gregor, F. 1975. Synanthropy of Anthomyiidae, Muscidae and Calliphoridae (Diptera) in Cuba. Folia parasit. 22:57-71.

[16] Hennig, W. 1959. Muscidae [Part, Lieferung 204]. In: E. Lindner (Ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, Stuttgart, 63b:233-288.

[17] Howard, L.O. 1900. A contribution to the study of the insect fauna of human excrement. Proc. Wash Acad. Sci . 2:541-604.

[18] Huckett, H.C. 1932. The North American species of the genus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy, with descriptions of new species (Muscidae, Diptera) [Part.]. Jour. N.Y. ent. Soc. 40:25-76.

[19] ______. 1965a. The Muscidae of Northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Diptera). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 42:1-369.

[20] ______. 1965b. Muscidae, p. 869-915. In: A. Stone; C.W. Sabrosky; W.W. Wirth; R.H. Foote & J. Coulson (Eds). A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Handbook (276):1-1696.

[21] ______. 1972. Francis Walker's little known North American specimens of the families Anthomyiidae and Muscidae (Diptera) in the British Museum (Natural History). Ent. News 83:169-172.

[22] ______. 1975. The Muscidae of California exclusive of subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae. Bull. Calif. Insect Surv. 18:1-148.

[23] Kowarz, F. 1873. Beitrag zur Dipteren-Fauna Ungarns. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 23:453-464.

[24] Linhares, A.X. 1981. Synanthropy of Muscidae, Fanniidae and Anthomyiidae (Diptera) in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Revta bras. Ent. 25:231-243.

[25] Malloch, J.R. 1920. Descriptions of New North American Anthomyiidae (Diptera). Trans. Amer. ent. Soc. 46:133-196.

[26] McAlpine, J.F. 1981. Morphology and terminology, p.9-63. In: J.F. McAlpine; B.V. Peterson; G.E. Shewell; H.J. Teskey; J.R. Vockeroth & D.M. Wood (Eds). Manual of Nearctic Diptera 1. Res. Branch Agric. Canada, Ontario, Monograph 27:1-674.

[27] Mendes, J. & A.X. Linhares. 1993. Atratividade por iscas, sazonalidade e desenvolvimento ovariano em várias espécies de Muscidae (Diptera). Revta bras. Ent. 37:289-297.

[28] Pont, A.C. 1972. A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. 97. Family Muscidae. São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, 111p.

[29] ______. 1977. The Australian and some other species of Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae). Aust. Jour. Zool. 25:347-369.

[30] ______. 1986. Family Muscidae. In: Á. Soós & L. Papp (Eds). Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 11. Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 346p.

[31] Ringdahl, O. 1918. Neue nordische Anthomyiden. Ent. Tidskr. 39:148-194.

[32] ______. 1939. Diptera der Fam. Muscidae (die Gattungen Aricia und Anthomyza) von Zetterstedt in "Insecta Lapponica" und "Diptera Scandinaviae" beschrieben. Opusc. Ent. 4:137-159.

[33] Roberts, R.A. 1934. Some Insects collected in Mexico, mostly in association with man and animals or animal products. Jour. N.Y. ent. Soc. 42:249-262.

[34] Robineau-Desvoidy, A.J.B. 1863. Histoire naturelle des Diptères des environs de Paris. Oeuvre posthume du D^r Robineau-Desvoidy publiée par les soins de sa famille, sous la direction de M. H. Monceaux. Paris, Masson, Leipzig, Vol. 2, p. 1-920.

[35] Séguy, E. 1937. Diptera Fam. Muscidae. In: P. Wytsman (Ed.). Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 205:1-604.

[36] Skidmore, P. 1985. The biology of the Muscidae of the world. Series ent., 29:1-550.

[37] Stein, P. 1898. Nordamerikanische Anthomyiden. Beitrag zur Dipterenfauna der Vereinigten Staaten. Berl. ent. Z. 42:161-288 [1897]

[38] ______. 1901. Die Walker'schen aussereuropäischen Anthomyiden in der Sammlung des British Museum zu London (Dipt.). Z. syst. Hymenopt Dipterol. 1:185-221.

[39] ______. 1904. Die amerikanischen Anthomyiden des Königlichen Museums für Naturkunde zu Berlin und des Ungarischen National-Museums zu Budapest. Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 2:414-495.

[40] ______. 1907. Revision der Bigot'schen und einiger von Macquart beschriebenen aussereuropäischen Anthomyiden (Dipt.). [Part.] Z. syst. Hymenopt. Dipterol. 7:273-293.

[41] ______. 1910. Die von Thomson beschriebenen Anthomyiden der Eugenies Resa. Wien. ent. Ztg 29:66-78.

[42] ______. 1911. Die von Schnuse in Südamerika gefangenen Anthomyiden. Arch. Naturgesch. 77(1):61-189.

[43] ______. 1918. Zur weitern Kenntnis aussereuropäischer Anthomyiden. Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 16:147-244.

[44] ______. 1919. Die Anthomyidengattungen der Welt, analytisch bearbeitet, nebst einem kritisch-systematischen Verzeichnis aller aussereuropäischen Arten. Arch. Naturgesch., 83 (1):85-178 [1917]

[45] Thomson, CG. 1869. Diptera. Species nova descripsit. In: Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring jorden under befäl af CA. Virgin, ären 1851-1853. Stockholm, Norstedt Zoologi, Part 2, p.443-614.

[46] Webb, D.W. 1980. Primary insect types in the Illinois Natural History Survey collection, exclusive of the Collembola and Thysanoptera. Bull. Ill. nat. Hist. Surv. 32:51-191.

[47] Wharton, R.A. & R.D. Moon. 1979. Puparia of cyclorrhaphous Diptera from bovine dung in open pasture and rangeland in the transition zone of western North America. Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 72:80-89.

[48] Williston, S.W. 1896. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Trans, ent. Soc. Lond.:253-446.

[49] Wolcott, G.N. 1924. "Insectae Portoricensis". A preliminary annotated check-list of the insects of Porto Rico, with descriptions of some new species. Jour. Dep. Agric. P. Rico 7:1-313.

[50] Wolcott, G.N. 1948. The Insects of Puerto Rico. Diptera. Jour. Agric. Univ. P. Rico 32:417-532.

[51] Woodley, N.E. & D.J. Hilburn. 1994. The Diptera of Bermuda. Contr. Amer. ent. Inst. 28(2):1-64.

[52] Wulp, F.M. van der. 1896. Group Anthomyinae. [Part.] In: F.D. Godman & O. Salvin (Eds). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia-Insecta-Diptera. London, Taylor & Francis, part 132, p.321-344.

[53] Zetterstedt, J.W. 1860. Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. [Part.] Tomus decimus qvartus seu ultimus, continens addenda, corrigenda & emendanda tomis prioribus, una cum indice alphabetico novarum speciarum hujus & praecedentis tomi, atque generico omnium tomorum. Lundae [=Lund], ex officina lundbergiana, p.6191-6609.