Oncocercose eqüina: diagnóstico e verificação da hematofagia por simulídeos e culicóides, prováveis vetores no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Calvão-Brito, Regina Helena dos Santos; Rodrigues, Maria de Lurdes de Azevedo; Mokrabe, Elázaro Moses; Maia-Herzog, Marilza; Mello, Rubens Pinto de; Silva-Júnior, Virgínio Pereira da

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751998000300002

Resumo

Onchocerca cervicalis Railliet & Henry, 1910 is a nematode that parasite equines. Its ocurrence has already been reported in the States of Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Different diagnostic techniques were used in this study to establish the prevalence of the parasite in Rio de Janeiro State and the biting behaviour of the simuliid and ceratopogonid species suspected of being vectors was studied. All of the biopsies made in the region of the withers, shoulder and umbilicus of 57 animals were negative. Necropsies carried out on 28 equines revealed 4 to be positive for the parasite; 2 for microfilariae and 2 for adults. Simuliid flies showed preference for biting the ventral region and ceratopogonids the lower parts of the legs of horses. It was concluded that a more detailed investigation is required to determine a better diagnostic technique in order to verify prevalence rates of the parasite in horses in the State.

Onchocerca cervicalis; equines; black flies; biting-midges; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil

Oncocercose eqüina: diagnóstico e verificação da hematofagia por simulídeos e culicóides, prováveis vetores no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Equine onchocerciasis: diagnostic and verification of the haematophagous black flies and biting midges considered as vectors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Regina Helena dos Santos Calvão-Brito^I; Maria de Lurdes de Azevedo Rodrigues^II; Elázaro Moses Mokrabe^I; Marilza Maia-Herzog^I; Rubens Pinto de Mello^I; Virgínio Pereira da Silva-Júnior^II

^IDepartamento de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

^IIDepartamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. BR 465 Km 47, 23851-970 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

ABSTRACT

Onchocerca cervicalis Railliet & Henry, 1910 is a nematode that parasite equines. Its ocurrence has already been reported in the States of Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Different diagnostic techniques were used in this study to establish the prevalence of the parasite in Rio de Janeiro State and the biting behaviour of the simuliid and ceratopogonid species suspected of being vectors was studied. All of the biopsies made in the region of the withers, shoulder and umbilicus of 57 animals were negative. Necropsies carried out on 28 equines revealed 4 to be positive for the parasite; 2 for microfilariae and 2 for adults. Simuliid flies showed preference for biting the ventral region and ceratopogonids the lower parts of the legs of horses. It was concluded that a more detailed investigation is required to determine a better diagnostic technique in order to verify prevalence rates of the parasite in horses in the State.

Key words:Onchocerca cervicalis, equines, black flies, biting-midges, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Aos responsáveis pelos eqüídeos da Defesa Civil de Queimados, da UFRRJ, do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses e do Campo de Instrução do Gericinó, em especial ao Médico-Veterinário Dr. Paulo Varella, pela autorização e realização das biópsias. Aos Médicos-Veterinários Marco Antonio e Márcia Medeiros de Araújo, alunos do Curso de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro pela realização de parte das biópsias. Ao Dr. Jürgen Doberainer, pesquisador da EMBRAPA pelo apoio logístico durante a excução deste trabalho. As estagiárias Débora Henrique dos Santos Anjos, do Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e Ana Margarida Ribeiro do Amaral, do Setor de Simulídeos, do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, pelo apoio durante a realização do trabalho de campo. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnólogico (CNPq) pelo auxílio concedido para a execução deste trabalho.

Recebido em 30.I.1997; aceito em 25.VI.1998.

BAIN, O. 1981. Le gene Onchocerca: hypotheses sur on evolution et dé dichtomique des espéces. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 56:503-526.
BEVILAQUA, C.M.; L.Y. ACHI & P. DORCHIES. 1993a. Distribution des microfilaires d'Onchocerca spp. dans la peau de bovinas dans le Sud Ouest de la France. Rev. Méd. Vét. 144(1):57-59.
______. 1993b. Étude de la prévalence de l'Onchocercose bovine dans le Sud-Ouest de la France. Rev. Méd. Vét. 144 (2):56-58.
BRAZ, F.F. 1971. Onchocerca cervicalis em Eqüínos. Arqs Biol. Tecnol. 14 (1):1-42.
CUMMINGS, E. & E.R. JAMES. 1985. Prevalence of equine onchocerciasis in southeastern and midwestern United States. Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 186 (11):1202-1203.
DOHNAL, J; J. BLINN; G. WAHL & H. SCHULZ-KEY. 1990. Distribution of microfilariae of Onchocerca linealis and Onchocerca gutturosa in the skin of cattle in Germany and their development in Simulium ornatum and Culicoides nubeculosus following artificial infestation. Vet. Parasitol. 36:325-332.
MAIA-HERZOG, M.; M.L. FELIPE-BAUER & R. MALAGUTI. 1988. A contribution to the study of Simulium and Culicoides of Rio de Janeiro: monthly incidence and biting activity. Mems. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 83 (1):95-99.
MELLOR, P.S. 1973. Studies on Onchocerca cervicallis Railliet and Henry, 1910. I. Onchocerca cervicallis in British horses. Jour. Helminth. 48: 145-153.
______. 1974. Studies on Onchocerca cervicallis Railliet and Henry, 1910: V. The development of Onchocerca cervicallis larvae in the vectors Culicoides nubeculosus, C. variipennis. Jour. Helm. 49 (1):33-42.
MOIGNOUX, J.B. 1951. Recherches experimentales sur le cycle evolutif des microfilares Onchocerca reticulata Diesing, en Camargue. Comples rendus des seances de la Societe de biologie 145:1572.
______. 1952. Sur l'identite des deux especes d' Onchocerca O. reticulata Diesing 1841 et O. cervicallis Rail. and Henry 1910. Estudes biologique comparative. Comples rendus des seances de la Societe de Biologie 146:573.
RABALAIS, F.C. & C.L. VOTAVA. 1974. Cutaneous distribution of microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis. Amer. Jour. Vet. Res. 35 (10):1369-1370.
RODRIGUES, L.; D. ANJOS; M. OLIVEIRA & M. SOUTO-MAIOR. 1996. Prévalence d'Onchocerca cervicalis chez des equidés dans l'état de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil. Rev. Méd. vét. 147 (10):1-2
STEWARD, J.S. 1935. Fistulous withers and poll evil. Vet. Rec. 15:1563.
______. 1937. The ocurrence of Onchocerca gutturosa Neumann in cattle in England with an account of its life - history and development in Simulium ornatum Meigen. Parasitology 29:21.
TOWNLEY, P.; K.P. BAKER & P.J. QUINN. 1984. Preferential landing and engorgin sites of Culicoides species landing on a horse in Ireland. Eq. Vet. Jour. 16 (2):117-120.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Jul 2009
Data do Fascículo
1998

Histórico

Aceito
25 Jun 1998
Recebido
30 Jan 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BAIN, O. 1981. Le gene Onchocerca: hypotheses sur on evolution et dé dichtomique des espéces. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 56:503-526.

[2] BEVILAQUA, C.M.; L.Y. ACHI & P. DORCHIES. 1993a. Distribution des microfilaires d'Onchocerca spp. dans la peau de bovinas dans le Sud Ouest de la France. Rev. Méd. Vét. 144(1):57-59.

[3] ______. 1993b. Étude de la prévalence de l'Onchocercose bovine dans le Sud-Ouest de la France. Rev. Méd. Vét. 144 (2):56-58.

[4] BRAZ, F.F. 1971. Onchocerca cervicalis em Eqüínos. Arqs Biol. Tecnol. 14 (1):1-42.

[5] CUMMINGS, E. & E.R. JAMES. 1985. Prevalence of equine onchocerciasis in southeastern and midwestern United States. Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 186 (11):1202-1203.

[6] DOHNAL, J; J. BLINN; G. WAHL & H. SCHULZ-KEY. 1990. Distribution of microfilariae of Onchocerca linealis and Onchocerca gutturosa in the skin of cattle in Germany and their development in Simulium ornatum and Culicoides nubeculosus following artificial infestation. Vet. Parasitol. 36:325-332.

[7] MAIA-HERZOG, M.; M.L. FELIPE-BAUER & R. MALAGUTI. 1988. A contribution to the study of Simulium and Culicoides of Rio de Janeiro: monthly incidence and biting activity. Mems. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 83 (1):95-99.

[8] MELLOR, P.S. 1973. Studies on Onchocerca cervicallis Railliet and Henry, 1910. I. Onchocerca cervicallis in British horses. Jour. Helminth. 48: 145-153.

[9] ______. 1974. Studies on Onchocerca cervicallis Railliet and Henry, 1910: V. The development of Onchocerca cervicallis larvae in the vectors Culicoides nubeculosus, C. variipennis. Jour. Helm. 49 (1):33-42.

[10] MOIGNOUX, J.B. 1951. Recherches experimentales sur le cycle evolutif des microfilares Onchocerca reticulata Diesing, en Camargue. Comples rendus des seances de la Societe de biologie 145:1572.

[11] ______. 1952. Sur l'identite des deux especes d' Onchocerca O. reticulata Diesing 1841 et O. cervicallis Rail. and Henry 1910. Estudes biologique comparative. Comples rendus des seances de la Societe de Biologie 146:573.

[12] RABALAIS, F.C. & C.L. VOTAVA. 1974. Cutaneous distribution of microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis. Amer. Jour. Vet. Res. 35 (10):1369-1370.

[13] RODRIGUES, L.; D. ANJOS; M. OLIVEIRA & M. SOUTO-MAIOR. 1996. Prévalence d'Onchocerca cervicalis chez des equidés dans l'état de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil. Rev. Méd. vét. 147 (10):1-2

[14] STEWARD, J.S. 1935. Fistulous withers and poll evil. Vet. Rec. 15:1563.

[15] ______. 1937. The ocurrence of Onchocerca gutturosa Neumann in cattle in England with an account of its life - history and development in Simulium ornatum Meigen. Parasitology 29:21.

[16] TOWNLEY, P.; K.P. BAKER & P.J. QUINN. 1984. Preferential landing and engorgin sites of Culicoides species landing on a horse in Ireland. Eq. Vet. Jour. 16 (2):117-120.