Características hematológicas do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes, Characidae) em sistema de monocultivo intensivo: II. Leucócitos

Tavares-Dias, Marcos; Sandrim, Elziane F. Silva; Campos-Filho, Eugênio de

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751999000100012

Resumo

The leukocytes parameters in approximately one-year-old freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (tambaqui) kept in an intensive monobreeding system as well as the correlation among these parameters and the biometric data (total weight and standard length) were investigated. The mean value of the white blood cell count (WBC) in the peripheral blood of tambaqui was 2663.3±1288µl and in the differential count, the following means were observed: neutrophils (1566.2±754µl); lymphocytes (973.6±447µl); monocytes (86.7±123µl) and special granulocitic cells (7.8±144µl). The blood parameters studied were positively correlated among one another, but were negatively correlated with the standard length. However, no correlation was with the weigth of the animals was shown. The leukocytes in Colossoma macropomum kept in an intensive monobreeding system were morphologically similar to those of other Brazilian teleosts described in literature.

Characidae; Colossoma macropomum; freshwater fish; leukocytes; tambaqui

Características hematológicas do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes, Characidae) em sistema de monocultivo intensivo. II. Leucócitos

Hematological characteristics of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes, Characidae) under intensive system. II. Leukocytes

Marcos Tavares-Dias^I,II; Elziane F. Silva Sandrim^III; Eugênio de Campos-Filho^IV

^ILaboratório de Patologia de Organismos Aquáticos, Caunesp. Rodovia Carlos Tonani Km 05, 14870-000 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil

^IIDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Franca. Caixa Postal 082, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brasil

^IIIPiscicultura Usina São Geraldo. Rodovia Armando Salles Oliveira Km 8, 14160-00 Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brasil

^IVLaboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Veterinário, Unesp. Rodovia Carlos Tonani Km 05, 14870-000 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT

The leukocytes parameters in approximately one-year-old freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (tambaqui) kept in an intensive monobreeding system as well as the correlation among these parameters and the biometric data (total weight and standard length) were investigated. The mean value of the white blood cell count (WBC) in the peripheral blood of tambaqui was 2663.3±1288µl and in the differential count, the following means were observed: neutrophils (1566.2±754µl); lymphocytes (973.6±447µl); monocytes (86.7±123µl) and special granulocitic cells (7.8±144µl). The blood parameters studied were positively correlated among one another, but were negatively correlated with the standard length. However, no correlation was with the weigth of the animals was shown. The leukocytes in Colossoma macropomum kept in an intensive monobreeding system were morphologically similar to those of other Brazilian teleosts described in literature.

Key words: Characidae, Colossoma macropomum, freshwater fish, leukocytes, tambaqui

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Full text available only in PDF format.

Recebido em 19.IX.1997; aceito em 27.I.1999.

AKELA, B.P.; S.M.P. YADAV; A. KUMARI; S. KUMARI & A. KARIM. 1994. Effect of bacterial ulcer on percentage count of leukocytes in the fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Environ. Ecol. 12 (3): 696-698.
BLAXHALL, P.C. & K.W. DAISLEY. 1973. Routine hematological methods for use with fish blood. Jour. Fish Biol. 5: 771-781.
BOOMKER, J. 1981. The haemocytology and histology of the haemopoietic organs of South African freshwater fish. III. The leukocytes, plasma cells and macrophages of Clarias gariepinus and Sarotherodon mossambicus. Onderstepoort Jour. Vet. Res. 48 (4): 185-193.
CATTON, W.T. V 1951. Blood cell formation in certain teleost fishes. Blood 6: 39-60.
CROSS, M.L. & R.A. MATTHEWS. 1993. Localized leucocyte reponse to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis establishment in immune carp Cyprinus carpio L. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 38 (3-4): 341-358.
DIXON, D.G. & P.T. DICK. 1985. Changes in circulating blood cell levels of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson, following acute and chronic exposure to copper. Jour. Fish Biol. 26 (4): 475-481.
DURAND, J. 1950. Étude morphologique et du sang, de l'imunité naturelle et acquise chez quelques poisson indochinois. Ann. L'Inst. Océanog. 25: 110-206.
ELLIS, A.E. 1976. Leucocytes and related cells in the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. Jour. Fish. Biol. 8 (2): 143-156.
______ . 1977. The leucocytes and of fish: A review. Jour. Fish. Biol. 11: 453-491.
ELLSAESSER, C.K. & L.W. CLEM. 1986. Haematological and immunological changes in channel catfish stressed by handling and transport. Jour. Fish Biol. 28: 511-521.
EZZAT, A.A.; M.B. SHABANA & A.M. FARGHALY. 1974. Studies on blood characteristics of Tilapia zilli (Gervais). I. Blood cells. Jour. Fish. Biol. 6 (1): 1-12.
GILL ,T.S. & J.C. PANT. 1985. Mercury induced blood anomalies in the freshwater teleost Barbus conchonius Ham. Water Air Soil Poliut. 24 (2): 165-171.
HARDIG, J. & L.B. HOGLUND. 1983. On accuracy in estimating fish blood variables. Comp. Biochem. 75A: 35-40.
HICKEY JR., C.R. 1982. Comparative hematology of wild and captive cunners. Trans. Amer. Fish. Sci. Soc. III (2): 242-249.
JAKOWSKA, S. 1956. Morphologie et nomenclature des cellules du sang des telostins. Rev. Hemat. 11: 519-539.
KAVAMOTO, E.T.; M.J. RANZANI-PAIVA & M. TOKUMARU. 1983a. Estudos hematológicos em "bagre" Rhamdia hilarri (Vai. 1840) teleósteos, no estádio de desenvolvimento gonadal maduro. Bol. Inst. Pesca 10: 53-60.
KAVAMOTO, E.T.; M. TOKUMARU; R.A.P. SOUZA E SILVA & B.E.S. CAMPOS. 1983b. Algumas variáveis hematológicas do "cascudo" Plecostomus albopunctatus (Regan, 1908). Bol. Inst. Pesca 10: 101-106.
______ . 1985. Variações morfológicas e contagem diferencial das células leucocitárias do "cascudo" Plecostomus albopunctatus (Regan, 1908), em relação ao desenvolvimento gonadal. Bol. Inst. Pesca 12 (2): 15-23.
KORCOCK, D.E.; A.H. HOUSTON & J.D. GRAY. 1988. Effects of sampling conditions on selected blood variables of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Jour. Fish. Biol. 33: 319-330.
LAMAS, J.; Y. SANTOS; D.W. BRUNO; A.E. TORANZO & R. ANADON. 1994. Non-specific cellular responses of rainbow trout to Vibrio anguillarum and its extracellular products (ECPs). Jour. Fish Biol. 45 (5): 839-854.
LARSSON, A.; M.J. JOHANSSON-SJOBECK & R. FANGE. 1976. Comparative study of some haematological and biochemical blood parameters in fishes from Shagerrak. Jour. Fish Biol. 9: 425-440.
LEONENKO, E.P. 1981. Changes in the blood picture of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with gill disease. In: S.B. Nauch & T.R. Vniiprkh (Ed). Fish diseases Aquatic toxicology. Musselius, V.A. & Shesterin, 256p.
LEWIS, D.H.; T.E. EUREL; M.S. CANNON & L.C GRUMBLES. 1979. T and B analogues from peripheral blood of immune channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Jour. Fish. Biol. 14: 31-37.
MAHAJAN, CL. & J.S. DHEER. 1979. Cell types in the peripheral blood of na air-breathing fish Channa punctatus. Jour. Fish. Biol. 14: 481-487.
MARTINS, M.L.; N. CASTAGNOLLI; S.M.F. ZUIM & E.C URBINATI. 1995. Influência de diferentes níveis de vitamina C na ração sobre parâmetros hematológicos de alevinos de Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Osteichthyes, Characidae). Revta bras. Zool. 12 (3): 609-618.
MATUSHIMA, E.R. & M. MARIANO. 1996. Kinetics of the inflammatory reaction induced by carrageenin in the swinbladder of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). Braz. Jour. Vet. Anim. Sci. 33 (1): 5-10.
MORROW, W.J.W. & A. PULSFORD. 1980. Identification of peripheral blood leucocytes of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.) by electron microscopy. Jour. Fish Biol. 17(4): 461-475.
MOURA, M.A.F.; I.P. FARIAS & A.L. VAL. 1994. Effects of temperatura on leucocytes of Colossoma macropomum and Hoplostermum littorale (Pisces). Brazilian Jour. Med. Biol. Res. 27: 1589-1598.
MURRAY, S.A. 1984. Hematological study of the bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Raf. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 78A (4): 787-791.
NAIR, A.G. & B.N. NAIR. 1982. Effect of infestation with the isopod, Alitropus typus M. Edwards (Crustacea: Flabellifera: Aegidae) on the haematological parameters of the host fish, Channa striatus (Bloch). Aquaculture 30 (1-4): 11-20.
PARISH, N.; A. WRATHMELL; S. HART & J.E. HARRIS. 1986. Phagocytic cells in the peripheral blood of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula L. I. In vitro studies. Acta Zool. 67 (4): 215-224.
RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T. 1991. Hematologia de peixes, p. 65-70. In: H.S.L. Santos (Ed.). Histologia de Peixes. São Paulo, FCAV-Unesp, 83p.
______ . 1995. Células do sangue periférico e contagem diferencial de leucócitos de tainha Mugil platanus Günther, 1880 (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) da região estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-SP. (Lat. 25º00'S - Long. 47º55'W). Bol. Inst. Pesca 22 (1): 23-40.
RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J. & C.M. ISHIKAWA. 1996. Haematological Characteristics of freshwater-reared and wild mullet, Mugil platanus (Günther, 1880 (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae). Revta Bras. Zool. 13 (3): 561-568.
RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T. & H.M. GODINHO. 1983. Sobre células sangüíneas e contagem diferencial de leucócitos e eritroblastos em curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa Steindacher, 1881 (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Prochilodontidae). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 43 (4): 331-338.
______ . 1986. Hematological characteristics of the curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa Steindacher, 1881 (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Prochilodontidae), stocked in experimental conditions. Bol. Inst. Pesca 13 (2): 115-120.
RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.; C.M. ISHIKAWA; M.C PORTELLA & R.J. CELIBERTO. 1987. Hematologia da carpa comum Cyprimis carpio, infestada por Argulus sp. e após um tratamento com fosfato de 0,0-dimetil-oxi-2,2,2,-tricloroetilo (Neguvon). Bol. Inst. Pesca 14: 83-92.
RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J. & A.C. EIRAS. 1995. Células sangüíneas e contagem diferencial de leucócitos de 13 espécies de teleósteos do Rio Paraná - Pr. Anais Simp. Brasil. Aqüicul., Peruíbe, p. 173-182.
REHULKA, J. 1996. Blood parameters in common carp with spontaneous spring viremia (SVC). Aquacult. Int. 4 (2): 175-182.
RIBEIRO, W.R. 1991. Leucócitos de peixes teleósteos, p. 61-64. In: H.S.L. SANTOS (Ed.). Histologia de Peixes. São Paulo, FCAV-UNESP, 83p.
ROSENFELD, G. 1947. Corante pancrômico para hematologia e citologia clínica. Nova combinação dos componentes do May-Grunwald e do Giensa num só corante de emprego rápido. Mem. Inst. Butantan 20: 329-334.
SANTOS, M.A. & A. HALL. 1990. Influence of inorganic lead on the biochemical blood composition of the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Ecotoxicol. Environ. 20 (1): 7-9.
SATAKE, T.; A. NUTTI-SOBRINHO; O.V. PAULA-LOPES; R.A. LOPES & H.S. LEME-SANTOS. 1989. Estudo hematológico de peixes brasileiros. XI. As células brancas do cascudo Hypostomus paulinus Ihering 1905 (Pisces, Loricariidae). Ars Veterinária 5 (1): 107-111.
SAUNDERS, D.C. 1966. Differential blood cell counts of 121 species of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Sci. Soc. 85: 427-449.
SCHNEIDER, B. & H. AMBROSIUS. 1987. The influence of environmental tempeture on the lymphocyte populations in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Biomed. Biochim. Acta 46 (1): 135-141.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; E.F.S. SANDRIM & A. SANDRIM. 1998. Características Hematológicas do tambaqui (Colossoma Macropomum) Cuvier, 1818 (Osteichthyes: Characidae) em sistema de monocultivo intensivo. I. Série eritrocitária. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 58 (2): 197-202.
THUVANDER, A.; L. NORRGREN & C. FOSSUM. 1987. Phagocytic cells in the blood from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (Richardson), characterized by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Jour. Fish Biol. 31 (2): 197-208.
VOLYNKIN, Y.L. 1986. Leukocytes and thrombocytes of the peripheric blood in the blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, Risso (Gadidae). Vopr. Ikhtiol. 26 (1): 129-136.
WAAGBO, R.; K. SANDNES; S. ESPELID & O. LIE. 1988. Haematological and biochemical analyses of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. suffering from coldwater vibriosis (Hitra disease). Jour. Fish Diseases 11: 417-423.
WEINREB, E.L. 1958. Studies on the histology and hystopatology of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri irideus. I. Hematology: under normal and experimental conditions of inflamation. Zoologica 43: 145-153.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Jul 2009
Data do Fascículo
Mar 1999

Histórico

Aceito
27 Jan 1999
Recebido
19 Set 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AKELA, B.P.; S.M.P. YADAV; A. KUMARI; S. KUMARI & A. KARIM. 1994. Effect of bacterial ulcer on percentage count of leukocytes in the fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Environ. Ecol. 12 (3): 696-698.

[2] BLAXHALL, P.C. & K.W. DAISLEY. 1973. Routine hematological methods for use with fish blood. Jour. Fish Biol. 5: 771-781.

[3] BOOMKER, J. 1981. The haemocytology and histology of the haemopoietic organs of South African freshwater fish. III. The leukocytes, plasma cells and macrophages of Clarias gariepinus and Sarotherodon mossambicus. Onderstepoort Jour. Vet. Res. 48 (4): 185-193.

[4] CATTON, W.T. V 1951. Blood cell formation in certain teleost fishes. Blood 6: 39-60.

[5] CROSS, M.L. & R.A. MATTHEWS. 1993. Localized leucocyte reponse to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis establishment in immune carp Cyprinus carpio L. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 38 (3-4): 341-358.

[6] DIXON, D.G. & P.T. DICK. 1985. Changes in circulating blood cell levels of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson, following acute and chronic exposure to copper. Jour. Fish Biol. 26 (4): 475-481.

[7] DURAND, J. 1950. Étude morphologique et du sang, de l'imunité naturelle et acquise chez quelques poisson indochinois. Ann. L'Inst. Océanog. 25: 110-206.

[8] ELLIS, A.E. 1976. Leucocytes and related cells in the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. Jour. Fish. Biol. 8 (2): 143-156.

[9] ______ . 1977. The leucocytes and of fish: A review. Jour. Fish. Biol. 11: 453-491.

[10] ELLSAESSER, C.K. & L.W. CLEM. 1986. Haematological and immunological changes in channel catfish stressed by handling and transport. Jour. Fish Biol. 28: 511-521.

[11] EZZAT, A.A.; M.B. SHABANA & A.M. FARGHALY. 1974. Studies on blood characteristics of Tilapia zilli (Gervais). I. Blood cells. Jour. Fish. Biol. 6 (1): 1-12.

[12] GILL ,T.S. & J.C. PANT. 1985. Mercury induced blood anomalies in the freshwater teleost Barbus conchonius Ham. Water Air Soil Poliut. 24 (2): 165-171.

[13] HARDIG, J. & L.B. HOGLUND. 1983. On accuracy in estimating fish blood variables. Comp. Biochem. 75A: 35-40.

[14] HICKEY JR., C.R. 1982. Comparative hematology of wild and captive cunners. Trans. Amer. Fish. Sci. Soc. III (2): 242-249.

[15] JAKOWSKA, S. 1956. Morphologie et nomenclature des cellules du sang des telostins. Rev. Hemat. 11: 519-539.

[16] KAVAMOTO, E.T.; M.J. RANZANI-PAIVA & M. TOKUMARU. 1983a. Estudos hematológicos em "bagre" Rhamdia hilarri (Vai. 1840) teleósteos, no estádio de desenvolvimento gonadal maduro. Bol. Inst. Pesca 10: 53-60.

[17] KAVAMOTO, E.T.; M. TOKUMARU; R.A.P. SOUZA E SILVA & B.E.S. CAMPOS. 1983b. Algumas variáveis hematológicas do "cascudo" Plecostomus albopunctatus (Regan, 1908). Bol. Inst. Pesca 10: 101-106.

[18] ______ . 1985. Variações morfológicas e contagem diferencial das células leucocitárias do "cascudo" Plecostomus albopunctatus (Regan, 1908), em relação ao desenvolvimento gonadal. Bol. Inst. Pesca 12 (2): 15-23.

[19] KORCOCK, D.E.; A.H. HOUSTON & J.D. GRAY. 1988. Effects of sampling conditions on selected blood variables of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Jour. Fish. Biol. 33: 319-330.

[20] LAMAS, J.; Y. SANTOS; D.W. BRUNO; A.E. TORANZO & R. ANADON. 1994. Non-specific cellular responses of rainbow trout to Vibrio anguillarum and its extracellular products (ECPs). Jour. Fish Biol. 45 (5): 839-854.

[21] LARSSON, A.; M.J. JOHANSSON-SJOBECK & R. FANGE. 1976. Comparative study of some haematological and biochemical blood parameters in fishes from Shagerrak. Jour. Fish Biol. 9: 425-440.

[22] LEONENKO, E.P. 1981. Changes in the blood picture of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with gill disease. In: S.B. Nauch & T.R. Vniiprkh (Ed). Fish diseases Aquatic toxicology. Musselius, V.A. & Shesterin, 256p.

[23] LEWIS, D.H.; T.E. EUREL; M.S. CANNON & L.C GRUMBLES. 1979. T and B analogues from peripheral blood of immune channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Jour. Fish. Biol. 14: 31-37.

[24] MAHAJAN, CL. & J.S. DHEER. 1979. Cell types in the peripheral blood of na air-breathing fish Channa punctatus. Jour. Fish. Biol. 14: 481-487.

[25] MARTINS, M.L.; N. CASTAGNOLLI; S.M.F. ZUIM & E.C URBINATI. 1995. Influência de diferentes níveis de vitamina C na ração sobre parâmetros hematológicos de alevinos de Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Osteichthyes, Characidae). Revta bras. Zool. 12 (3): 609-618.

[26] MATUSHIMA, E.R. & M. MARIANO. 1996. Kinetics of the inflammatory reaction induced by carrageenin in the swinbladder of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). Braz. Jour. Vet. Anim. Sci. 33 (1): 5-10.

[27] MORROW, W.J.W. & A. PULSFORD. 1980. Identification of peripheral blood leucocytes of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.) by electron microscopy. Jour. Fish Biol. 17(4): 461-475.

[28] MOURA, M.A.F.; I.P. FARIAS & A.L. VAL. 1994. Effects of temperatura on leucocytes of Colossoma macropomum and Hoplostermum littorale (Pisces). Brazilian Jour. Med. Biol. Res. 27: 1589-1598.

[29] MURRAY, S.A. 1984. Hematological study of the bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Raf. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 78A (4): 787-791.

[30] NAIR, A.G. & B.N. NAIR. 1982. Effect of infestation with the isopod, Alitropus typus M. Edwards (Crustacea: Flabellifera: Aegidae) on the haematological parameters of the host fish, Channa striatus (Bloch). Aquaculture 30 (1-4): 11-20.

[31] PARISH, N.; A. WRATHMELL; S. HART & J.E. HARRIS. 1986. Phagocytic cells in the peripheral blood of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula L. I. In vitro studies. Acta Zool. 67 (4): 215-224.

[32] RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T. 1991. Hematologia de peixes, p. 65-70. In: H.S.L. Santos (Ed.). Histologia de Peixes. São Paulo, FCAV-Unesp, 83p.

[33] ______ . 1995. Células do sangue periférico e contagem diferencial de leucócitos de tainha Mugil platanus Günther, 1880 (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) da região estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-SP. (Lat. 25º00'S - Long. 47º55'W). Bol. Inst. Pesca 22 (1): 23-40.

[34] RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J. & C.M. ISHIKAWA. 1996. Haematological Characteristics of freshwater-reared and wild mullet, Mugil platanus (Günther, 1880 (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae). Revta Bras. Zool. 13 (3): 561-568.

[35] RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T. & H.M. GODINHO. 1983. Sobre células sangüíneas e contagem diferencial de leucócitos e eritroblastos em curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa Steindacher, 1881 (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Prochilodontidae). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 43 (4): 331-338.

[36] ______ . 1986. Hematological characteristics of the curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa Steindacher, 1881 (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Prochilodontidae), stocked in experimental conditions. Bol. Inst. Pesca 13 (2): 115-120.

[37] RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.; C.M. ISHIKAWA; M.C PORTELLA & R.J. CELIBERTO. 1987. Hematologia da carpa comum Cyprimis carpio, infestada por Argulus sp. e após um tratamento com fosfato de 0,0-dimetil-oxi-2,2,2,-tricloroetilo (Neguvon). Bol. Inst. Pesca 14: 83-92.

[38] RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J. & A.C. EIRAS. 1995. Células sangüíneas e contagem diferencial de leucócitos de 13 espécies de teleósteos do Rio Paraná - Pr. Anais Simp. Brasil. Aqüicul., Peruíbe, p. 173-182.

[39] REHULKA, J. 1996. Blood parameters in common carp with spontaneous spring viremia (SVC). Aquacult. Int. 4 (2): 175-182.

[40] RIBEIRO, W.R. 1991. Leucócitos de peixes teleósteos, p. 61-64. In: H.S.L. SANTOS (Ed.). Histologia de Peixes. São Paulo, FCAV-UNESP, 83p.

[41] ROSENFELD, G. 1947. Corante pancrômico para hematologia e citologia clínica. Nova combinação dos componentes do May-Grunwald e do Giensa num só corante de emprego rápido. Mem. Inst. Butantan 20: 329-334.

[42] SANTOS, M.A. & A. HALL. 1990. Influence of inorganic lead on the biochemical blood composition of the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Ecotoxicol. Environ. 20 (1): 7-9.

[43] SATAKE, T.; A. NUTTI-SOBRINHO; O.V. PAULA-LOPES; R.A. LOPES & H.S. LEME-SANTOS. 1989. Estudo hematológico de peixes brasileiros. XI. As células brancas do cascudo Hypostomus paulinus Ihering 1905 (Pisces, Loricariidae). Ars Veterinária 5 (1): 107-111.

[44] SAUNDERS, D.C. 1966. Differential blood cell counts of 121 species of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Sci. Soc. 85: 427-449.

[45] SCHNEIDER, B. & H. AMBROSIUS. 1987. The influence of environmental tempeture on the lymphocyte populations in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Biomed. Biochim. Acta 46 (1): 135-141.

[46] TAVARES-DIAS, M.; E.F.S. SANDRIM & A. SANDRIM. 1998. Características Hematológicas do tambaqui (Colossoma Macropomum) Cuvier, 1818 (Osteichthyes: Characidae) em sistema de monocultivo intensivo. I. Série eritrocitária. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 58 (2): 197-202.

[47] THUVANDER, A.; L. NORRGREN & C. FOSSUM. 1987. Phagocytic cells in the blood from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (Richardson), characterized by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Jour. Fish Biol. 31 (2): 197-208.

[48] VOLYNKIN, Y.L. 1986. Leukocytes and thrombocytes of the peripheric blood in the blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, Risso (Gadidae). Vopr. Ikhtiol. 26 (1): 129-136.

[49] WAAGBO, R.; K. SANDNES; S. ESPELID & O. LIE. 1988. Haematological and biochemical analyses of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. suffering from coldwater vibriosis (Hitra disease). Jour. Fish Diseases 11: 417-423.

[50] WEINREB, E.L. 1958. Studies on the histology and hystopatology of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri irideus. I. Hematology: under normal and experimental conditions of inflamation. Zoologica 43: 145-153.

Brasil

Brasil

Características hematológicas do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes, Characidae) em sistema de monocultivo intensivo: II. Leucócitos

Hematological characteristics of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes, Characidae) under intensive system: II. Leukocytes

Resumo

Datas de Publicação

Histórico