Estrutura populacional, aspectos da reprodução e alimentação dos Cyprinodontiformes (Osteichthyes) de um riacho do sudeste do Brasil

Aranha, José Marcelo Rocha; Caramaschi, Érica Pellegrini

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751999000300005

Resumo

The population structure, reproductive aspects and feeding of Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868), Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider (1801), Phalloptychus januarius (Hensel, 1868) e Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns, 1842) were studied in five sampling stations in the Ubatiba stream, municipality of Maricá (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). In relation to the population structure, P. caudimaculatus was more representative upstream; P. vivipara mid-stream and downstream; P. januarius and J. lineata downstream. The species presented preponderance of females, except in the intermediate length classes. The occurence of imatures and females with young pointed out a long reproductive period and favoured areas for reproduction of the four species. The young forms of P. caudimaculatus were more abundant in station 1 (upstream), P. vivipara in station 4 (downstream) and P. januarius and J. lineata in station 5 (Maricá coastal lagoon). The higher occurences of females with young belong to P. caudimaculatus, in station 1 (upstream) and P. vivipara and P. januarius in station 5 (Maricá lagoon). The four studied species presented herbivorous diet and the differences found in the feeding may reflect the differences in the food availability in the microhabitats used by the species. So, we concluded that the studied species presented evident segregation in several levels of the different available resources in the environment.

Cyprinodontiformes; population structure; feeding; reproduction; coastal stream

Estrutura populacional, aspectos da reprodução e alimentação dos Cyprinodontiformes (Osteichthyes) de um riacho do sudeste do Brasil¹ 1 Parte do Convênio FINEP/UFRJ, processo 4.2.87.0588.00.

Population structure, reproductive aspects and feeding of Cyprinodontiformes fishes (Osteichthyes) from a coastal stream in southeastcrn Brazil

José Marcelo Rocha Aranha^I; Érica Pellegrini Caramaschi^II

^IDepartamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. E-mail: jmaranha@bio.ufpr.br

^IIDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Caixa Postal 68020, 20941-970, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

ABSTRACT

The population structure, reproductive aspects and feeding of Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868), Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider (1801), Phalloptychus januarius (Hensel, 1868) e Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns, 1842) were studied in five sampling stations in the Ubatiba stream, municipality of Maricá (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). In relation to the population structure, P. caudimaculatus was more representative upstream; P. vivipara mid-stream and downstream; P. januarius and J. lineata downstream. The species presented preponderance of females, except in the intermediate length classes. The occurence of imatures and females with young pointed out a long reproductive period and favoured areas for reproduction of the four species. The young forms of P. caudimaculatus were more abundant in station 1 (upstream), P. vivipara in station 4 (downstream) and P. januarius and J. lineata in station 5 (Maricá coastal lagoon). The higher occurences of females with young belong to P. caudimaculatus, in station 1 (upstream) and P. vivipara and P. januarius in station 5 (Maricá lagoon). The four studied species presented herbivorous diet and the differences found in the feeding may reflect the differences in the food availability in the microhabitats used by the species. So, we concluded that the studied species presented evident segregation in several levels of the different available resources in the environment.

Key words: Cyprinodontiformes, population structure, feeding, reproduction, coastal stream.

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Recebido em 11.XII.1997; aceito em 14.V.1999.

ANDREWARTHA, H.G. & L.C. BIRCH. 1954. The distribution and abundance of animals. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 782p.
Angermeier, P.I. & J.R. Karr. 1984. Fish communities along enviromental gradients of tropical streams. Env. Biol. Fish. 9 (2): 39-57.
ARANHA, J.M.R. 1993. Método para análise quantitativa de algas e outros itens microscópicos de alimentação de peixes. Acta Biol. Paranaense, Curitiba, 22 (1,2,3,4): 71-76.
Aranha, J.M.R.; E.P. Caramaschi & U. Caramaschi. 1993. Ocupação ambiental, regime alimentar e época reprodutiva de duas espécies de Corydoras (Siluroidei, Callichthyidae) coexistentes no rio Alambari (Botucatu, SP). Revta bras. Zool. 10 (3): 453-466.
ARANHA, J.M.R. & E.P. CARAMASCHI. 1997. Distribuição longitudinal e ocupação espacial de quatro espécies de Cyprinodontiformes no rio Ubatiba, Maricá, RJ. Acta Biol. Paranaense, Curitiba, 26 (1,2,3,4): 125-140.
BICUDO, C.E.M. & R.M.T. BICUDO. 1970. Algas de águas continentais continentais brasileiras. Chave ilustrada para identificação de gêneros. São Paulo, Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento do Ensino de Ciências, 228p.
BOURRELLY, P. 1968. Les alges d'eau douce; initiation à la systematique. Les alges jaunes et brunes, Chrysophycées, Theophycées, Xanthophycées et Diatomées. Paris, Ed. N. Bousée & Cie., vol 2, 438p.
______ . 1970. Les alges d'eau douce; initiation à la systematique. Les alges blenes et rouges, les Euglénèens, Peridiniens et Cryptomonadines. Paris, Ed. N. Bousée & Cie., vol 3, 512p.
______ . 1972. Les alges d'eau douce; initiation à la systematique. Les alges vertes 2 ed. Paris, Ed N. Bousée & Cie. vol. 1, 572p.
BRITTON, R.H. & M.E. MOSER. 1982. Size specific predation by herons and effect on the sex-ratio of natural populations of the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard. Oecologia 53: 146-151.
CONNOR, E.F. & D.S. SIMBERLOFF. 1979. The assembly of species communities: change or competition? Ecology 60: 1132-1140.
COSTA, W.J.E.M. 1987. Feeding habits of a fish community in a tropical coastal stream, Rio Mato Grosso, Brazil. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna and Env. 22 (3): 145-153.
DIAMOND, J.M. 1978. Niche shifts and the rediscovery of interspecific competitions. Amer. Sci. 66: 322-331.
EGGERS, D.M. 1977. Planktivorous preference by prey size. Ecology 63 (2): 381-390.
GROSSMAN, G.D.; P.B. MOYLE & J.O. WHITAKER JR. 1982. Stochascity in structural and functional characteristies of an Indiana stream fish assemblage: A test of community theory. Amer. Nat. 120 (4): 423-454.
HENN, A.W. 1916. On various south american poeciliid fishes. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 10: 93-142.
HORN, M.H. 1972. The amount of space available for marine and freshwater fishes. Carnegie Mus. 70: 1295-1297.
HUNTCHINSON, G.E. 1958. Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 22:415-427.
______ . 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of animals? Amer. Nat. 93: 145-159.
HYSLOP, E.P. 1980. Stomach contents analysis: a review of methods and their application. Jour. Fish. Biol. 17: 411-429.
KAWAKAMI, E. & G. Vazzoler. 1980. Método gráfico e estimativa do índice Alimentar aplicado no estudo de alimentação de peixes. Bolm. Inst. Oceanogr., São Paulo, 29 (2): 205-207.
KEAST, A. 1978. Trophic and spatial interrelationships in the fish species of an Ontario temperate lake. Env. Biol. Fish. 3: 7-31.
KRAMER, D.L. 1978. Reproductive seasonality in the fishes of a tropical stream. Ecology 59 (5): 976-985.
KRUMHOLZ, L.A. 1948. Reprodution in the western mosquito-fish Gambusia affinis (Baird & Giard), and its use in mosquito control. Ecol. Monog. 18: 1-43.
MACAN, T.T. 1959. Guia de animales invertebrados de agua dulce. Eunsa, Pamplona, 118p.
MACATHUR, R.H. 1972. Geographical Ecology Harper and Row, New York, 269p.
MENEZES, M.S. & E.P. CARAMASCHI. 1994. Características reprodutivas de Hypostomus grupo H. punctatus (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes) no rio Ubatiba, Maricá, RJ. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 54 (3): 503-513.
NARAHARA, M.Y.; H.M. GODINHO & E. ROMAGOSA. 1985. Estrutura da população de Rhamdia hilarii (Valenciennes, 1840) (osteichthyes, Siluriformes, Pimelodidade). Bol. Inst. Pesca, São Paulo, 12 (3): 123-137.
NEEDHAM, J.G. & P.R. NEEDHAM. 1978. Guía para el estúdio de los seres vivos de las águas dulces Reverte, Barcelona, 131 p.
PAYNE, A.L. 1986. The ecology of tropical lakes and rivers New York, John Wiley & Sons, 301p.
PIANKA, E.R., 1982. Ecologia Evolutiva New York, Omega S.A., 365p.
Price, P.W. 1984. Alternatives paradigms in community ecology, p. 354-377. In: P.W. Price & W.S. Slobodchirof (Eds). A new ecology: Novel approach to interactive systems New York, John Wiley & Sons, 515p.
ROMESBURG , H.C. 1990. Cluster analysis for researchers Malabar, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 334p.
ROSS, S.T. 1986. Resource partitioning in fish assemblages: a review of field studies. Copeia (2): 352-388.
SABINO, J. & R.M.C. CASTRO. 1990. Alimentação, período de atividade e distribuição espacial dos peixes de um riacho da floresta Atlântica (Sudeste do Brasil). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 50 (1): 23-36.
SCHÖENER, T.W. 1974. Resource partitioning in ecological communities. Science 185: 27-38.
SIEGEL, S. 1975. Estatística não-paramétrica (para ciências do comportamento) São Paulo, McGraw-Hill, 350p.
SMITH, E.P. & T.M. ZARET. 1982. Bias in estimating niche overlap. Ecology 63 (5): 1248-1253.
SOARES-PORTO, L.M.S. 1994. Dieta e ciclo diuturno de atividade alimentar de Pimelodella lateristriga (Müller & Troschel, 1849) (Siluroidei, Pimelodidae) no rio Ubatiba, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 54 (3): 451-458.
STRONG, D.R. 1980. Null hypothesis in ecology. Synthese 43: 271-285.
TEIXEIRA, R.L. 1989. Aspectos da ecologia de alguns peixes do arroio Bom Jardim, Triunfo - RS. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 49 (1): 183-192.
THIBAULT, R.E. & R.J. SCHULTZ. 1978. Reprodutive adaptations among viviparous fishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Evolution 32 (2): 320-333.
WERNER, E.E.; T.J. HALL & M.D. WERNER. 1978. Littoral zone fish communities of two Florida lakes and a comparison with Michigan Lake. Env. Biol. Fish. 3: 163-172.
WIENS, J.A. 1977. On competition and variable enviroments. Amer. Sci. 65: 590-597.
YANT, P.R.; J.R. KARR & P.L. Angermeier. 1984. Stochasticity in stream fish communities: an alternative interpretation. Amer. Nat. 124 (4): 573-582.

1

Parte do Convênio FINEP/UFRJ, processo 4.2.87.0588.00.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
15 Jun 2009
Data do Fascículo
1999

Histórico

Aceito
14 Maio 1999
Recebido
11 Dez 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ANDREWARTHA, H.G. & L.C. BIRCH. 1954. The distribution and abundance of animals. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 782p.

[2] Angermeier, P.I. & J.R. Karr. 1984. Fish communities along enviromental gradients of tropical streams. Env. Biol. Fish. 9 (2): 39-57.

[3] ARANHA, J.M.R. 1993. Método para análise quantitativa de algas e outros itens microscópicos de alimentação de peixes. Acta Biol. Paranaense, Curitiba, 22 (1,2,3,4): 71-76.

[4] Aranha, J.M.R.; E.P. Caramaschi & U. Caramaschi. 1993. Ocupação ambiental, regime alimentar e época reprodutiva de duas espécies de Corydoras (Siluroidei, Callichthyidae) coexistentes no rio Alambari (Botucatu, SP). Revta bras. Zool. 10 (3): 453-466.

[5] ARANHA, J.M.R. & E.P. CARAMASCHI. 1997. Distribuição longitudinal e ocupação espacial de quatro espécies de Cyprinodontiformes no rio Ubatiba, Maricá, RJ. Acta Biol. Paranaense, Curitiba, 26 (1,2,3,4): 125-140.

[6] BICUDO, C.E.M. & R.M.T. BICUDO. 1970. Algas de águas continentais continentais brasileiras. Chave ilustrada para identificação de gêneros. São Paulo, Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento do Ensino de Ciências, 228p.

[7] BOURRELLY, P. 1968. Les alges d'eau douce; initiation à la systematique. Les alges jaunes et brunes, Chrysophycées, Theophycées, Xanthophycées et Diatomées. Paris, Ed. N. Bousée & Cie., vol 2, 438p.

[8] ______ . 1970. Les alges d'eau douce; initiation à la systematique. Les alges blenes et rouges, les Euglénèens, Peridiniens et Cryptomonadines. Paris, Ed. N. Bousée & Cie., vol 3, 512p.

[9] ______ . 1972. Les alges d'eau douce; initiation à la systematique. Les alges vertes 2 ed. Paris, Ed N. Bousée & Cie. vol. 1, 572p.

[10] BRITTON, R.H. & M.E. MOSER. 1982. Size specific predation by herons and effect on the sex-ratio of natural populations of the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard. Oecologia 53: 146-151.

[11] CONNOR, E.F. & D.S. SIMBERLOFF. 1979. The assembly of species communities: change or competition? Ecology 60: 1132-1140.

[12] COSTA, W.J.E.M. 1987. Feeding habits of a fish community in a tropical coastal stream, Rio Mato Grosso, Brazil. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna and Env. 22 (3): 145-153.

[13] DIAMOND, J.M. 1978. Niche shifts and the rediscovery of interspecific competitions. Amer. Sci. 66: 322-331.

[14] EGGERS, D.M. 1977. Planktivorous preference by prey size. Ecology 63 (2): 381-390.

[15] GROSSMAN, G.D.; P.B. MOYLE & J.O. WHITAKER JR. 1982. Stochascity in structural and functional characteristies of an Indiana stream fish assemblage: A test of community theory. Amer. Nat. 120 (4): 423-454.

[16] HENN, A.W. 1916. On various south american poeciliid fishes. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 10: 93-142.

[17] HORN, M.H. 1972. The amount of space available for marine and freshwater fishes. Carnegie Mus. 70: 1295-1297.

[18] HUNTCHINSON, G.E. 1958. Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 22:415-427.

[19] ______ . 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of animals? Amer. Nat. 93: 145-159.

[20] HYSLOP, E.P. 1980. Stomach contents analysis: a review of methods and their application. Jour. Fish. Biol. 17: 411-429.

[21] KAWAKAMI, E. & G. Vazzoler. 1980. Método gráfico e estimativa do índice Alimentar aplicado no estudo de alimentação de peixes. Bolm. Inst. Oceanogr., São Paulo, 29 (2): 205-207.

[22] KEAST, A. 1978. Trophic and spatial interrelationships in the fish species of an Ontario temperate lake. Env. Biol. Fish. 3: 7-31.

[23] KRAMER, D.L. 1978. Reproductive seasonality in the fishes of a tropical stream. Ecology 59 (5): 976-985.

[24] KRUMHOLZ, L.A. 1948. Reprodution in the western mosquito-fish Gambusia affinis (Baird & Giard), and its use in mosquito control. Ecol. Monog. 18: 1-43.

[25] MACAN, T.T. 1959. Guia de animales invertebrados de agua dulce. Eunsa, Pamplona, 118p.

[26] MACATHUR, R.H. 1972. Geographical Ecology Harper and Row, New York, 269p.

[27] MENEZES, M.S. & E.P. CARAMASCHI. 1994. Características reprodutivas de Hypostomus grupo H. punctatus (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes) no rio Ubatiba, Maricá, RJ. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 54 (3): 503-513.

[28] NARAHARA, M.Y.; H.M. GODINHO & E. ROMAGOSA. 1985. Estrutura da população de Rhamdia hilarii (Valenciennes, 1840) (osteichthyes, Siluriformes, Pimelodidade). Bol. Inst. Pesca, São Paulo, 12 (3): 123-137.

[29] NEEDHAM, J.G. & P.R. NEEDHAM. 1978. Guía para el estúdio de los seres vivos de las águas dulces Reverte, Barcelona, 131 p.

[30] PAYNE, A.L. 1986. The ecology of tropical lakes and rivers New York, John Wiley & Sons, 301p.

[31] PIANKA, E.R., 1982. Ecologia Evolutiva New York, Omega S.A., 365p.

[32] Price, P.W. 1984. Alternatives paradigms in community ecology, p. 354-377. In: P.W. Price & W.S. Slobodchirof (Eds). A new ecology: Novel approach to interactive systems New York, John Wiley & Sons, 515p.

[33] ROMESBURG , H.C. 1990. Cluster analysis for researchers Malabar, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 334p.

[34] ROSS, S.T. 1986. Resource partitioning in fish assemblages: a review of field studies. Copeia (2): 352-388.

[35] SABINO, J. & R.M.C. CASTRO. 1990. Alimentação, período de atividade e distribuição espacial dos peixes de um riacho da floresta Atlântica (Sudeste do Brasil). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 50 (1): 23-36.

[36] SCHÖENER, T.W. 1974. Resource partitioning in ecological communities. Science 185: 27-38.

[37] SIEGEL, S. 1975. Estatística não-paramétrica (para ciências do comportamento) São Paulo, McGraw-Hill, 350p.

[38] SMITH, E.P. & T.M. ZARET. 1982. Bias in estimating niche overlap. Ecology 63 (5): 1248-1253.

[39] SOARES-PORTO, L.M.S. 1994. Dieta e ciclo diuturno de atividade alimentar de Pimelodella lateristriga (Müller & Troschel, 1849) (Siluroidei, Pimelodidae) no rio Ubatiba, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 54 (3): 451-458.

[40] STRONG, D.R. 1980. Null hypothesis in ecology. Synthese 43: 271-285.

[41] TEIXEIRA, R.L. 1989. Aspectos da ecologia de alguns peixes do arroio Bom Jardim, Triunfo - RS. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 49 (1): 183-192.

[42] THIBAULT, R.E. & R.J. SCHULTZ. 1978. Reprodutive adaptations among viviparous fishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Evolution 32 (2): 320-333.

[43] WERNER, E.E.; T.J. HALL & M.D. WERNER. 1978. Littoral zone fish communities of two Florida lakes and a comparison with Michigan Lake. Env. Biol. Fish. 3: 163-172.

[44] WIENS, J.A. 1977. On competition and variable enviroments. Amer. Sci. 65: 590-597.

[45] YANT, P.R.; J.R. KARR & P.L. Angermeier. 1984. Stochasticity in stream fish communities: an alternative interpretation. Amer. Nat. 124 (4): 573-582.