Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Comportamento e dieta alimentar de uma espécie de Latrodectus do grupo Mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae) em cativeiro

Behavior and diet supply of Latrodectus group Mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae) in captivity

Resumo

Latrodectus gr. mactans is responsible for 28% of ali accidents provoked by spiders in state of Bahia, Brazil (1980-1990), which makes necessary the study of its manejament. The spiders were captured in Ondina, Salvador, and in Baxio, Esplanada (Bahia, Brazil); they were mantained in captivity, with food supply weekly (Atta sp., larva of Tenebrio sp. and Drosophila melanogaster) with three hours/ offers observation time, during march/95 to april/96. In captivity, the spiders accepted two kinds of food: Atta sp., which seems to be the major item of its diet in natural conditions, and larva of Tenebrio sp., which is not available in natural conditions. Drosophila melanogaster was systematically rejected. The feeding behavior iscomposed by four distinct steps: (1) imrnobilization, (2) inoculation, (3) second immobilization and (4) ingestion. Two kinds of social alimentary behavior are descri-bed. The results indicated that larvae of Tenebrio sp. can be an alternative supply for successfull maintenance of this specie in captivity.

Araneae; Theridiidae; Latrodectus; feed; diet; behavior


Araneae; Theridiidae; Latrodectus; feed; diet; behavior

Comportamento e dieta alimentar de uma espécie de Latrodectus do grupo Mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae) em cativeiro

Behavior and diet supply of Latrodectus group Mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae) in captivity

Maria de Fátima da Rocha Dias; Tania Kobler Brazil

Laboratório de Animais Peçonhetos, Departamento de Zoloogia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-210 Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Email: lap-zoo@ufba.br

ABSTRACT

Latrodectus gr. mactans is responsible for 28% of ali accidents provoked by spiders in state of Bahia, Brazil (1980-1990), which makes necessary the study of its manejament. The spiders were captured in Ondina, Salvador, and in Baxio, Esplanada (Bahia, Brazil); they were mantained in captivity, with food supply weekly (Atta sp., larva of Tenebrio sp. and Drosophila melanogaster) with three hours/ offers observation time, during march/95 to april/96. In captivity, the spiders accepted two kinds of food: Atta sp., which seems to be the major item of its diet in natural conditions, and larva of Tenebrio sp., which is not available in natural conditions. Drosophila melanogaster was systematically rejected. The feeding behavior iscomposed by four distinct steps: (1) imrnobilization, (2) inoculation, (3) second immobilization and (4) ingestion. Two kinds of social alimentary behavior are descri-bed. The results indicated that larvae of Tenebrio sp. can be an alternative supply for successfull maintenance of this specie in captivity.

Key words: Araneae, Theridiidae, Latrodectus, feed, diet, behavior.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMENTOS. Os autores agradecem ao CNPq através do apoio (Bolsa de Iniciação Científica para o primeiro autor). Aos pesquisadores: César Ades, Antônio D. Brescovit, Alexandre B. Bonaldo, Erica H. Buckup, Hilton Japyassu, Carlos Bertim e Walter Cerqueira pela leitura cuidadosa do manuscrito e criticas ao trabalho.

Recebido em 27.II.1998; aceito em 14.IX.1999.

  • Abalos, J.W. 1980. Las aranas dei gênero Latrodectus en la Argentina. Obra del Centenário del Museo de La Prata 6: 29-51.
  • Abalos, J.W.; E.C Báez. 1967. The spider genus Latrodectus in Santiago del Estero, Argentina, p.59-74. In: Animal Toxins - 1 International Symposium on Animal toxins. Atlantic City, Pergamon Press, 281p.
  • Bücherl, W. 1968. Latrodectus e Latrodectismo na América do Sul. Bioecologia de Latrodectus do grupo curacaviensis nas praias dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Guanabara. Rev. Bras. Pesq. Med. 1 (2): 83-88.
  • ______. 1972. Invertebrados: as aranhas. São Paulo, Edart Livraria Editora Ltda, 1ª ed., 158p.
  • Forster, L. 1995. The behavioural ecological of Latrodectus hasselti (Thorell), the Australian Redback Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae): a review. Rec. Western Australian Mus. 52: 13-24.
  • Gonzalez, A. 1977. Observaciones bioecológicas sobre una espécie dei gênero Latrodectus (Walckenaer, 1805) dei grupo Mactans de Sierra de la Ventana (Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina). (Araneae, Theridiidae). I. Habitat y ciclo de vida. Physis 36 (92): 277-282.
  • ______. 1979. Observaciones bioecológicas sobre una espécie dei gênero Latrodectus (Walckenaer, 1805) dei grupo Mactans de Sierra de la Ventana (Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina). (Araneae, Theridiidae) III. Desarrollo Post-embrionario. Acta Zoológica Lilloana. 35: 97-103.
  • Kaston, B.J. 1970. Comparative biology of American Black Widow Spiders. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 16 (3): 33-82.
  • Kullman, E. 1972. Evolution of social behaviour in spiders (Araneae; Eresidae and Theridiidae). Amer. Zool. 12: 419.
  • Lira-da-Silva, R.M.L.; G.B. Matos; R.O. Sampaio; T.B. Nunes. 1995. Estudo retrospectivo de latrodectismo na Bahia. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 28 (3): 205-210.
  • Mackay, W.P. 1982. The effect of predation of western widow spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) on harvester ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Oecologia 53: 406-411.
  • McKeown, K.C. 1943. Vertebrate captured by Australian spiders. Proc. Roy. Zool. Soc. New South Wales 11: 17-29.
  • Ministério da Saúde. 1992. Manual de diagnóstico e tratamento de acidentes por animais peçonhentos. Brasília, Fundação Nacional de Saúde, 58p.
  • Roberts, N.L. 1941. Some notes on Australian spiders. Proc. Roy. Zool. Soc. New Shouth Wales 9: 36-41.
  • Ross, K.G. 1979. Report of necrophagy in the black widow spiders, Latrodectus hesperus (Araneae: Theridiidae). Jour. Arachnology 9: 109.
  • Schenone, H. & L.E. Corrêa. 1985. Algunos conocimientos prácticos sobre la biologia de la arana Latrodectus mactans y el latrodectismo en Chile. Bol. Chil. Parasitol. 48: 18-23.
  • Shulov, A. 1967. Biology and ecology of venomous animais in Israel. Mem. Inst. Butantan. 33: 93-99.

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    19 Jun 2009
  • Data do Fascículo
    1999

Histórico

  • Aceito
    14 Set 1999
  • Recebido
    27 Nov 1998
Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 41 3266-6823, - Curitiba - PR - Brazil
E-mail: sbz@bio.ufpr.br