Partição de recursos florais de espécies de Sida Linnaeus e Malvastrum coromandelianum (Linnaeus) Garcke (Malvaceae) entre Cephalurgus anomalus Moure &amp; Oliveira (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae) e Melissoptila cnecomala (Moure) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Eucerini)

Morato, Elder Ferreira; Campos, Lúcio Antônio de O.

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752000000300016

Resumo

The flowering pattern and the visiting bee species on Sida spp. and Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke were studied in a restricted area at the campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. There were differences among plant species but not among individuals in relation to the flowering time along the day and the time at which the flowers were visited by bees. Melissoptila cnecomala (Moure, 1944) and Cephalurgus anomalus Moure & Oliveira, 1962 were the most frequent visitors. Both species foraged on flowers for nectar and pollen. C. anomalus visited mainly plants with anthesis in the morning and M. cnecomala plants with anthesis in the afternoon. This fact sugests that those species of bees may be showing contrasting foraging strategies and can share the floral resources of Sida and Malvastrum. The males of C. anomalus mate on flowers of Sida and exhibit a behavior known as rendevouz pollination.

Malvaceae; Sida; Malvastrum; bees; resource partitioning

Partição de recursos florais de espécies de Sida Linnaeus e Malvastrum coromandelianum (Linnaeus) Garcke (Malvaceae) entre Cephalurgus anomalus Moure & Oliveira (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae) e Melissoptila cnecomala (Moure) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Eucerini)

Floral resource partitioning on Sida Linnaeus and Malvastrum coromandelianum (Linnaeus) Garcke (Malvaceae) between Cephalurgus anomalus Moure & Oliveira (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae) and Melissoptila cnecomala (Moure) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Eucerini)

Elder Ferreira Morato^I; Lúcio Antônio de O. Campos^II

^IPós-Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo de Vida Silvestre, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: morato@dedalus.lcc.ufmg.br

^IIDepartamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: lcampos@mail.ufv.br

ABSTRACT

The flowering pattern and the visiting bee species on Sida spp. and Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke were studied in a restricted area at the campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. There were differences among plant species but not among individuals in relation to the flowering time along the day and the time at which the flowers were visited by bees. Melissoptila cnecomala (Moure, 1944) and Cephalurgus anomalus Moure & Oliveira, 1962 were the most frequent visitors. Both species foraged on flowers for nectar and pollen. C. anomalus visited mainly plants with anthesis in the morning and M. cnecomala plants with anthesis in the afternoon. This fact sugests that those species of bees may be showing contrasting foraging strategies and can share the floral resources of Sida and Malvastrum. The males of C. anomalus mate on flowers of Sida and exhibit a behavior known as rendevouz pollination.

Key words: Malvaceae, Sida, Malvastrum, bees, resource partitioning

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Ao Pe Jesus Santiago Moure (Departamento de Zoologia, UFPR) pela identificação das abelhas. A Olinda L. Bueno (Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul) pela identificação das plantas. A Helena C. de Morais, Fernando A. da Silveira, José Ricardo Cure, Gabriel A. de Melo e Evaldo F. Vilela pelas discussões, sugestões e críticas. A Milene Faria Vieira e Gilmar Valente (Departamento de Botânica da UFV) pelo empenho no preparo do material botânico para identificação. A Arlete A. Soares e Marco A. Costa pelo auxilio nas coletas de abelhas.

Recebido em 27.V.1999; aceito em 25.VIII.2000.

Allen-Wardell, G; P. Bernhardt; R. Bitner.; A. Burquez; S. Buchmann; J. Cane; P.A. Cox; P. Feinsinger; M. Ingram; D. Inouye; C.E. Jones; K. Kennedy; P. Kevan; H. Koopowitz; R. Medellin; S. Medellin-Morales & G.P. Nabhan. 1998. Thepotential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields. Conserv. Biol. 12(1):8-17.
Alves-dos-Santos, I. 1999a. Abelhas e plantas melíferas da mata atlântica, restinga e dunas do litoral norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revta bras. Ent. 43(3/4):191-223.
______. 1999b. Aspectos morfológicos e comportamentais dos machos de Ancyloscelis Latreille (Anthophoridae, Apoidea). Revta bras. Zool. 16(Supl. 2):37-43.
Armbruster, W.S. & A.L. Herzig. 1984. Partitioning and sharing of pollinators by four sympatric species of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) in Panamá. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71:1-16.
Baker, H.G. 1974. The evolution of weeds. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 5:1-23.
Bawa, K.S. 1983. Patterns of flowering in tropical plants, p. 394-410. In: C.E. Jones & R.J. Little (Eds). Handbook of experimental pollination biology. New York, Scientific and Academic Editions, 558p.
Buchmann, S.L. 1996. Competition between honeybees and native bees in the Sonoran Desert and global bee conservation issues, p. 125-142. In: A. Matheson; S.L. Buchmann; C. O'Toole; P. Westrich & I.H. Williams (Eds). The conservation of bees. London, Academic Press, 254p.
Buchmann, S.L. & G.P. Nabhan. 1996. The forgotten pollinators. Washington, D.C., Island Press, 292p.
Burril, M. & A. Dietz. 1981. The response of honeybees to variation in solar radiation and temperature Apidologie 12(4):319-328.
Camargo, J.M.F. & M. Mazucato. 1984. Inventário da apifauna e flora apícola de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Dusenia, Curitiba, 14:55-87.
Campbell, D.R. 1985a. Pollen and gene dispersal: the influences of competition for pollination. Evolution 39:418-431.
______. 1985b. Pollinator sharing and seed set of Stellaria pubera: competition for pollination. Ecology 66(2):544-553.
______. 1986. Predicting plant reproductive success from models of competition for pollination. Oikos 47:257-266.
Campbell, D.R. & A.F. Motten. 1985. The mechanism of competition for pollination between two forest herbs. Ecology 66(2):554-563.
Carpenter, F.L. 1979. Competition between hummingbirds and insects for nectar. Amer. Zool. 19:1105-1114.
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Crepet, W.L. 1983. The role of insect pollination in the evolution of the angiosperms, p. 29-50. In: L. Real (Ed.). Pollination biology. London, Academic Press, 338p.
Cure, J.R. & D. Wittmann. 1990. Callonychium petuniae, a new panurgine bee species (Apoidea, Andrenidae), oligolectic on Petunia (Solanaceae). Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 25(3):153-156.
Cure, J.R.; M. Thiengo; F.A. Silveira & L.B. Rocha. 1992. Levantamento da fauna de abelhas silvestres na "Zona da Mata" de Minas Gerais. III. Mata secundária na região de Viçosa (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Revta bras. Zool. 9(3/4):223-239.
Cure, J.R.; G.S. Bastos Filho; M.J.F. de Oliveira & F.A da Silveira. 1993. Levantamento de abelhas silvestres na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. I - Pastagem na região de Viçosa (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Revta Ceres, Viçosa, 40(228):131-161.
Eickwort, G.C & H.S. Ginsberg. 1980. Foraging and mating behavior in Apoidea. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25:421-446.
Estes, J.R. & R.W. Thorp. 1975. Pollination ecology of Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Compositae). Amer. Jour. Bot. 62(2):148-159.
Ewusie, J.Y. 1972. Preliminary studies on the floral mechanism of Sida stipulata. Jour. West African Sci. Assoc. 17(1):11-18.
Faegri, K. & L. van der Pijl. 1979. The principles of pollination ecology. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 3^rd, 291p.
Feinsinger, P. 1987. Approaches to nectarivore-plant interactions in the New World. Revista Chileana de Historia Natural 60:285-319.
Fryxell, P.A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Botany Monographs 25:1-475.
Ginsberg, H.S. 1983. Foraging ecology of bees in an old field. Ecology 1:165-175.
Giorgini, J.F. & A.B. Gusman. 1972. A importância das abelhas na polinização, p. 155-214. In: J.M.F. Camargo (Ed.). Manual de Apicultura. São Paulo, Editora Agronômica Ceres, 252p.
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Gottsberger, G. 1972. Blütenbiologische Beobachtungen an brasilianischen Malvaceen. II. Österr. Bot. Z. 120:439-509.
______. 1986. Some pollination strategies in Neotropical savannas and forests. PI. Syst. Evol. 152:29-45.
Heinrich, B. 1976a. Resource partitioning among some eusocial insects: bumblebees. Ecology 57:874-889.
______. 1976b. Flowering phenologies: bog, woodland, and disturbed habitats. Ecology 57:890-899.
Heinrich, B. & P.H. Raven. 1972. Energetics and pollination ecology. Science 176:597-602.
Heithaus, E.R. 1974. The role of plant-pollinator interactions in determining community structure. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard 61:675-691.
______. 1979a. Flower visitation records and resource overlap of bees and wasps in northwest Costa Rica. Brenesia 16:9-52.
______. 1979b. Community structure of neotropical flower visiting bees and wasps: diversify and phenology. Ecology 60:190-202.
Inouye, D. 1978. Resource partitioning in bumblebees: experimental studies of foraging behavior. Ecology 4:672-678.
Johnson, L.K. 1983. Foraging strategies and the structure of stingless bee communities in Costa Rica, p. 31-58. In: P. JAISSON (Ed). Social insects in the tropics. V.I. Paris, Université Paris-Nord, 280p.
Johnson, L.K. & S.P. Hubbell. 1974. Aggression and competition among stingless bees: field studies. Ecology 55:120-127.
______. 1975. Contrasting foraging strategies and coexistence of two bee species on a single resource. Ecology 56:1398-1406.
Kephart, S.R. 1983. The partitioning of pollinators among three species of Asclepias. Ecology 64(1):120-133.
Lack, A.J. 1982a. Competition for pollinators in the ecology of Centaurea scabiosa L. and Centaurea nigra L. I. Variation in flowering time. New Phytol. 91:297-308.
______. 1982b. Competition for pollinators in the ecology of Centaurea scabiosa L. and Centaurea nigra L. III. Insect visits and the number of successful pollinations. New Phytol. 91:321-339.
______. 1982c. The ecology of flowers of chalk grassland and their insect pollinators. Jour. Ecol. 70:773-790.
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Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
11 Maio 2009
Data do Fascículo
Set 2000

Histórico

Aceito
25 Ago 2000
Recebido
27 Maio 1999

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Allen-Wardell, G; P. Bernhardt; R. Bitner.; A. Burquez; S. Buchmann; J. Cane; P.A. Cox; P. Feinsinger; M. Ingram; D. Inouye; C.E. Jones; K. Kennedy; P. Kevan; H. Koopowitz; R. Medellin; S. Medellin-Morales & G.P. Nabhan. 1998. Thepotential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields. Conserv. Biol. 12(1):8-17.

[2] Alves-dos-Santos, I. 1999a. Abelhas e plantas melíferas da mata atlântica, restinga e dunas do litoral norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revta bras. Ent. 43(3/4):191-223.

[3] ______. 1999b. Aspectos morfológicos e comportamentais dos machos de Ancyloscelis Latreille (Anthophoridae, Apoidea). Revta bras. Zool. 16(Supl. 2):37-43.

[4] Armbruster, W.S. & A.L. Herzig. 1984. Partitioning and sharing of pollinators by four sympatric species of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) in Panamá. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71:1-16.

[5] Baker, H.G. 1974. The evolution of weeds. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 5:1-23.

[6] Bawa, K.S. 1983. Patterns of flowering in tropical plants, p. 394-410. In: C.E. Jones & R.J. Little (Eds). Handbook of experimental pollination biology. New York, Scientific and Academic Editions, 558p.

[7] Buchmann, S.L. 1996. Competition between honeybees and native bees in the Sonoran Desert and global bee conservation issues, p. 125-142. In: A. Matheson; S.L. Buchmann; C. O'Toole; P. Westrich & I.H. Williams (Eds). The conservation of bees. London, Academic Press, 254p.

[8] Buchmann, S.L. & G.P. Nabhan. 1996. The forgotten pollinators. Washington, D.C., Island Press, 292p.

[9] Burril, M. & A. Dietz. 1981. The response of honeybees to variation in solar radiation and temperature Apidologie 12(4):319-328.

[10] Camargo, J.M.F. & M. Mazucato. 1984. Inventário da apifauna e flora apícola de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Dusenia, Curitiba, 14:55-87.

[11] Campbell, D.R. 1985a. Pollen and gene dispersal: the influences of competition for pollination. Evolution 39:418-431.

[12] ______. 1985b. Pollinator sharing and seed set of Stellaria pubera: competition for pollination. Ecology 66(2):544-553.

[13] ______. 1986. Predicting plant reproductive success from models of competition for pollination. Oikos 47:257-266.

[14] Campbell, D.R. & A.F. Motten. 1985. The mechanism of competition for pollination between two forest herbs. Ecology 66(2):554-563.

[15] Carpenter, F.L. 1979. Competition between hummingbirds and insects for nectar. Amer. Zool. 19:1105-1114.

[16] Cousens, R. & M. Mortimer. 1995. Dynamics of weed populations. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 332p.

[17] Crepet, W.L. 1983. The role of insect pollination in the evolution of the angiosperms, p. 29-50. In: L. Real (Ed.). Pollination biology. London, Academic Press, 338p.

[18] Cure, J.R. & D. Wittmann. 1990. Callonychium petuniae, a new panurgine bee species (Apoidea, Andrenidae), oligolectic on Petunia (Solanaceae). Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 25(3):153-156.

[19] Cure, J.R.; M. Thiengo; F.A. Silveira & L.B. Rocha. 1992. Levantamento da fauna de abelhas silvestres na "Zona da Mata" de Minas Gerais. III. Mata secundária na região de Viçosa (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Revta bras. Zool. 9(3/4):223-239.

[20] Cure, J.R.; G.S. Bastos Filho; M.J.F. de Oliveira & F.A da Silveira. 1993. Levantamento de abelhas silvestres na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. I - Pastagem na região de Viçosa (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Revta Ceres, Viçosa, 40(228):131-161.

[21] Eickwort, G.C & H.S. Ginsberg. 1980. Foraging and mating behavior in Apoidea. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25:421-446.

[22] Estes, J.R. & R.W. Thorp. 1975. Pollination ecology of Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Compositae). Amer. Jour. Bot. 62(2):148-159.

[23] Ewusie, J.Y. 1972. Preliminary studies on the floral mechanism of Sida stipulata. Jour. West African Sci. Assoc. 17(1):11-18.

[24] Faegri, K. & L. van der Pijl. 1979. The principles of pollination ecology. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 3^rd, 291p.

[25] Feinsinger, P. 1987. Approaches to nectarivore-plant interactions in the New World. Revista Chileana de Historia Natural 60:285-319.

[26] Fryxell, P.A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Botany Monographs 25:1-475.

[27] Ginsberg, H.S. 1983. Foraging ecology of bees in an old field. Ecology 1:165-175.

[28] Giorgini, J.F. & A.B. Gusman. 1972. A importância das abelhas na polinização, p. 155-214. In: J.M.F. Camargo (Ed.). Manual de Apicultura. São Paulo, Editora Agronômica Ceres, 252p.

[29] Golfari, L. 1975. Zoneamento ecológico do Estado de Minas Gerais para reflorestamento. Belo Horizonte, Projeto de Desenvolvimento e Pesquisa Florestal, PNUD/FAO/IBDF, 65p.

[30] Gottsberger, G. 1972. Blütenbiologische Beobachtungen an brasilianischen Malvaceen. II. Österr. Bot. Z. 120:439-509.

[31] ______. 1986. Some pollination strategies in Neotropical savannas and forests. PI. Syst. Evol. 152:29-45.

[32] Heinrich, B. 1976a. Resource partitioning among some eusocial insects: bumblebees. Ecology 57:874-889.

[33] ______. 1976b. Flowering phenologies: bog, woodland, and disturbed habitats. Ecology 57:890-899.

[34] Heinrich, B. & P.H. Raven. 1972. Energetics and pollination ecology. Science 176:597-602.

[35] Heithaus, E.R. 1974. The role of plant-pollinator interactions in determining community structure. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard 61:675-691.

[36] ______. 1979a. Flower visitation records and resource overlap of bees and wasps in northwest Costa Rica. Brenesia 16:9-52.

[37] ______. 1979b. Community structure of neotropical flower visiting bees and wasps: diversify and phenology. Ecology 60:190-202.

[38] Inouye, D. 1978. Resource partitioning in bumblebees: experimental studies of foraging behavior. Ecology 4:672-678.

[39] Johnson, L.K. 1983. Foraging strategies and the structure of stingless bee communities in Costa Rica, p. 31-58. In: P. JAISSON (Ed). Social insects in the tropics. V.I. Paris, Université Paris-Nord, 280p.

[40] Johnson, L.K. & S.P. Hubbell. 1974. Aggression and competition among stingless bees: field studies. Ecology 55:120-127.

[41] ______. 1975. Contrasting foraging strategies and coexistence of two bee species on a single resource. Ecology 56:1398-1406.

[42] Kephart, S.R. 1983. The partitioning of pollinators among three species of Asclepias. Ecology 64(1):120-133.

[43] Lack, A.J. 1982a. Competition for pollinators in the ecology of Centaurea scabiosa L. and Centaurea nigra L. I. Variation in flowering time. New Phytol. 91:297-308.

[44] ______. 1982b. Competition for pollinators in the ecology of Centaurea scabiosa L. and Centaurea nigra L. III. Insect visits and the number of successful pollinations. New Phytol. 91:321-339.

[45] ______. 1982c. The ecology of flowers of chalk grassland and their insect pollinators. Jour. Ecol. 70:773-790.

[46] Laroca, S. 1970. Notas adicionais sobre a bionomia das espécies de Melissoptila que ocorrem nas vizinhanças de Curitiba, Paraná. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Bol. Univ. Fed. Paraná, Zoologia, 15:293-306.

[47] Leitão Filho, H. DE F.; C. Aranha & O. Bacchi. 1982. Plantas invasoras de culturas. I. Campinas. Instituto Campineiro de Ensino Agrícola, 291p.

[48] Linsley, E.G. 1978. Temporal patterns of flower visitation by solitary bees with particular reference to the southwestern United States. Jour. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 51(4):531-546.

[49] Lomnicki, A. 1988. Population ecology of individuals. Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 223p.

[50] Lorenzi, H. 1982. Plantas daninhas do Brasil. Nova Odessa, Edição do Autor, 425p.

[51] Ludwig, J.L. & J.F. Reynolds. 1988. Statistical ecology: a primer on methods and computing. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 337p.

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Partição de recursos florais de espécies de Sida Linnaeus e Malvastrum coromandelianum (Linnaeus) Garcke (Malvaceae) entre Cephalurgus anomalus Moure & Oliveira (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae) e Melissoptila cnecomala (Moure) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Eucerini)

Floral resource partitioning on Sida Linnaeus and Malvastrum coromandelianum (Linnaeus) Garcke (Malvaceae) between Cephalurgus anomalus Moure & Oliveira (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae) and Melissoptila cnecomala (Moure) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Eucerini)

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