Distributional patterns and possible origins of the tribes and genera of Coelidiinae (Homoptera, Membracoidea, Cicadellidae)

Nielson, Mervin W; Knight, William J; Zhang, Yalin

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752000000400004

Abstract

Leafhoppers are well known biological indicators of zoogeographical regions owing, in part, to their phytodependency, high host plant specificity and relatively low vagility. In this connection, we discuss distributional patterns and possible zoogeographical origins of nine constituent tribes and their genera of the pantropical subfamily Coelidiinae. Among 118 known genera, only eight currently occupy more than one zoogeographical region, indicating an extremely high endemic profile which supports the proposed centers of origin and relatively low rate of intercontinental dispersal. The pantropical tribe Coelidiini is suggested as the basal group of the subfamily which is believed to have arisen prior to continental drift (late Jurassic-early Cretaceous) because there appears to be no other evidence at the present time to explain its near cosmopolitan distribution. Possible origins of three Old World tribes, Hikangiini (Ethiopian), Thagriini (Oriental) and Thanini (Australian) and four New World -(Neotropical) tribes, Teruliini, Tinobregmini, Gabritini and Sandersellini are elucidated. The tribe Youngolidiini occupies the Neotropical and Ethiopian realms but its origin is problematical. There appears to be ample evidence that origin/dispersal patterns are related to the geological history of the areas occupied by its faunal members.

Homoptera; Membracoidea; Cicadellidae; Coelidiinae; distributional patterns

Distributional patterns and possible origins of the tribes and genera of Coelidiinae (Homoptera, Membracoidea, Cicadellidae)

Mervin W. Nielson^I; William J. Knight^II; Yalin Zhang^III

^IMonte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University. Provo, UT 84604, USA

^IIThe Natural History Museum. Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK

^IIINorthwestern Agricultural University. Yangling, China

ABSTRACT

Leafhoppers are well known biological indicators of zoogeographical regions owing, in part, to their phytodependency, high host plant specificity and relatively low vagility. In this connection, we discuss distributional patterns and possible zoogeographical origins of nine constituent tribes and their genera of the pantropical subfamily Coelidiinae. Among 118 known genera, only eight currently occupy more than one zoogeographical region, indicating an extremely high endemic profile which supports the proposed centers of origin and relatively low rate of intercontinental dispersal. The pantropical tribe Coelidiini is suggested as the basal group of the subfamily which is believed to have arisen prior to continental drift (late Jurassic-early Cretaceous) because there appears to be no other evidence at the present time to explain its near cosmopolitan distribution. Possible origins of three Old World tribes, Hikangiini (Ethiopian), Thagriini (Oriental) and Thanini (Australian) and four New World -(Neotropical) tribes, Teruliini, Tinobregmini, Gabritini and Sandersellini are elucidated. The tribe Youngolidiini occupies the Neotropical and Ethiopian realms but its origin is problematical. There appears to be ample evidence that origin/dispersal patterns are related to the geological history of the areas occupied by its faunal members.

Key words: Homoptera, Membracoidea, Cicadellidae, Coelidiinae, distributional patterns

Full text available only in PDF format.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The authors express their appreciation to two anonymous reviewers and the following reviewers who offered substantive suggestions for improving the content and textual expressions in this paper: Raymond Gill, California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, USA; Gabriel Mejdalani, Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil and J.A. Quartau, Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. We thank Dr. Aiping Liang, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China for the preliminary character analysis of the tribes that indicated division of Youngolidiini into two separate tribes.

REFERENCES

All leafhopper references cited before 1956 are found in:

Those cited between 1956-1985 are found in:

Recebido em 28.X.1999; aceito em 02.X.2000.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1964. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle VI. Cicadelloidea. Bibliography of the Cicadelloidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Washington, D. C., 349 pp.
Oman, P. W., W. J. Knight & M.W. Nielson. 1990. Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae): A bibliography, generic check-list and index to the World literature 1956-1985. C.A.B. International Institute of Entomology. Wallingford, Oxon, 368p.
Briggs, J.C. 1989. The historic biogeography of India: Isolation or contact? Syst. Zool. 38(4):322-332.
Brown, J.H. & A.C. Gibson. 1983. Biogeography. St. Louis, The C.V. Mosby Company, 654p.
Coney, P.J. 1982. Plate tectonic constraints on biogeographic connections between North and South America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 69(3):432-443.
Darlington, P.J. 1938. The origin of the fauna of the Greater Antilles, with discussion of dispersal of animals over water and through the air. Quar. Rev. Biol. 13:274-300.
Godoy, C. & M.W. Nielson. 1998. A review of the leafhopper genus Jikradia with descriptions of four new species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Rev. Biol. Trop. 46(3):739-748.
Good, R. 1974. The geography of flowering plants. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 4^th ed., 557p.
Kellogg, J.N. & V. Vega. 1995. Tectonic development of Panama, Costa Rica, and the Colombian Andes: Constraints from global positioning system geodetic studies and gravity, p. 75-87. In: P. Mann (Ed). Geologic and tectonic development of the Caribbean plate boundary in southern Central America. Boulder, CO, Geological Society of America Special Paper 295.
Li, Z. 1988. Three new species of Fanjingshan mountainous leafhoppers from Guizhou, China (p. 87-91). Special Studies of the Entomological Expedition of Fanjingshan Mountains. Guizhou Science, 155p.
______. 1989. Five new species of Coelidiinae from Guizhou province (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Jour. Guizhou Agri. College 1:1-5.
______. 1991. Four new species of the genus Taharana from China. Acta Zool. Sinica 16(34):354-359.
______. 1993. A taxonomic study of Chinese genus Thagria (Homoptera: Coelidiinae). Jour. Guizhou Agri. College 12:29-33.
Li, Z. & L. Wang. 1989. Three new species of Lodiana from Guizhou province, China. Jour. Guizhou Agri. College 2:1-3.
______. 1991. Agriculture and Forestry insect fauna of Guizhou. Guizhou, Science and Technology Printing House, 304p.
MacArthur, R.H. & E.O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Monographs in population biology no. 1. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 203p.
Nielson, M.W. 1986a. New genus and species of leathopper in the tribe Tinobregmini (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 46(1):134-136.
______. 1986b. New Oriental genus of leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini with descriptions of new species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 46(1):137-139.
______. 1986c. New thagriine leafhoppers from the Oriental region, with a key to 30 species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 46(2):321-328.
______. 1986d. Genus Paralidia with descriptions of new species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 46(2):329-335.
______. 1986e. New South American leafhoppers in the genus Docalidia, with a key to 37 species (Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae: Teruliini). Great Basin Nat. 46(4):749-762.
______. 1988a. New genera and new species of Neotropical Coelidiini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 48(2):232-249.
______. 1989a. On the genus Paracarinolidia (Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae: Teruliini). Great Basin Nat. 49(1):92-95.
______. 1989b. Two new genera and two new species of teruliine leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 49(1):96-99.
______. 1989c. New species of Harasupia with a revised key to the species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 49(2):233-240.
______. 1989d. Additional new species of teruliine leafhoppers with key to species (Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae: Teruliini). Great Basin Nat. 49(3):398-403.
______. 1990a. New species of Docalidia from the Neotropical region (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. Scand. 21(2):225-240.
______. 1990b. New Oriental leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini with a revised key to the species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. Scand. 21 (4):445-475.
______. 1991a. Afrotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Part 1. New taxa with a revised key to species. Jour. African Zool. 105(5):393-428.
______. 1992a. Afrotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Part 2. Additional new taxa with taxonomic notes and a revised key to genera and species. Jour. African Zool. 106(3):211-242.
______. 1992b. New species of leafhoppers in the genera Thagria (Thagriini) and Tharra (Tharrini) from Indonesia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. News 103(3):65-71.
______. 1992c. New species of Neotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) with a revised key to some species. Entomol. News 103(4):93-102.
______. 1992d. New species of Neotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Youngolidiini with a revised key to species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. Scand. 23(3):289-296.
______. 1992e. New species of Neotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Teruliini with a revised key to some species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. Scand. 23(3):297-305.
______. 1996a. Two new Neotropical genera and new species of Docalidia in the tribe Teruliini (Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 122(2/3):135-145.
______. 1996b. Two new genera and some new species of Neotropical and Oriental leafhopers in the tribe Coelidiini (Cicadellidae: Coelidiini). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 122(2/3):147-160.
______. 1996c. A new species of Pilosana from Costa Rica (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Entomol. News 107(5):327-328.
Nielson, M.W. & W.J. Knight. 2000. Distributional patterns and possible origins of leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Revta Bras. Zool. 17(1):81-156.
Norton, I.O. & J.A. Sclater. 1979. A model for the evolution of the Indian ocean and the breakup of Gondwanaland. Jour. Geophy. Res. 84:6803-6830.
Oman, P.W. 1987. Alary polymorphism in the Cicadellidae and its ecological implications, p. 55-63. In: M.R. Wilson; & L.R. Nault (Eds). Proc. 2^nd Internat. Workshop on leafhoppers and planthoppers of economic importance. Provo, Brigham Young University, 28 Jul-1 Aug., CAB International Institute of Entomology, 368p.
Oman, P.W.; W.J. Knight & M.W. Nielson. 1990. Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae): A bibliography, generic check-list and index to the World literature, 1956-1985. Wallingford, C.A.B. International Institute of Entomology, 368p.
Theron, J.G. 1986a. New genera and species of southern African Coelidiinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with description of the new tribe Equeefini. Phytophyl. 18:153-163.
______. 1986b. Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) associated with the renosterbos, Elytropappus rhinocerotis Less. III. The genera Equeefa Distant and Chlorita Fieber. Jour. Entomol. Soc. South Africa 49(1):95-105.
Thorne, R.F. 1973. Floristic relationships between tropical Africa and tropical America, p. 27-47. In: B.J. Meggers; E.S. Ayensu & W.D. Duckworth (Eds). Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institute Press.
Shcherbakov, D.E. 1992. The earliest leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Karajassidae, n.fam.) from Jurassic of Karatau. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Paleontol Momatsh. 1:39-51.
Wallace, A.R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals. London, Macmillan, Vol. 2.
Zhang, Y. 1990. A taxonomic study of Chinese Cicadellidae (Homoptera). Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 218p.
______. 1994. A taxonomic study of Chinese Coelidiinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae. Henan Science and Technology Press, 151 p.
Zhang, Y. & A. Yang. 1994. Two new species of the genus Thagria Melichar (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Entomol.Res., Shaanxi Normal University Press, Xian, China, p. 1-4.
Zhang, Y. & Y. Zhang. 1994. Two new species and one new record of the genus Taharana Nielson (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Entomotaxomia 16(2):95-98.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
30 Apr 2009
Date of issue
Dec 2000

History

Accepted
02 Oct 2000
Received
28 Oct 1999

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Metcalf, Z. P. 1964. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle VI. Cicadelloidea. Bibliography of the Cicadelloidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Washington, D. C., 349 pp.

[2] Oman, P. W., W. J. Knight & M.W. Nielson. 1990. Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae): A bibliography, generic check-list and index to the World literature 1956-1985. C.A.B. International Institute of Entomology. Wallingford, Oxon, 368p.

[3] Briggs, J.C. 1989. The historic biogeography of India: Isolation or contact? Syst. Zool. 38(4):322-332.

[4] Brown, J.H. & A.C. Gibson. 1983. Biogeography. St. Louis, The C.V. Mosby Company, 654p.

[5] Coney, P.J. 1982. Plate tectonic constraints on biogeographic connections between North and South America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 69(3):432-443.

[6] Darlington, P.J. 1938. The origin of the fauna of the Greater Antilles, with discussion of dispersal of animals over water and through the air. Quar. Rev. Biol. 13:274-300.

[7] Godoy, C. & M.W. Nielson. 1998. A review of the leafhopper genus Jikradia with descriptions of four new species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Rev. Biol. Trop. 46(3):739-748.

[8] Good, R. 1974. The geography of flowering plants. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 4^th ed., 557p.

[9] Kellogg, J.N. & V. Vega. 1995. Tectonic development of Panama, Costa Rica, and the Colombian Andes: Constraints from global positioning system geodetic studies and gravity, p. 75-87. In: P. Mann (Ed). Geologic and tectonic development of the Caribbean plate boundary in southern Central America. Boulder, CO, Geological Society of America Special Paper 295.

[10] Li, Z. 1988. Three new species of Fanjingshan mountainous leafhoppers from Guizhou, China (p. 87-91). Special Studies of the Entomological Expedition of Fanjingshan Mountains. Guizhou Science, 155p.

[11] ______. 1989. Five new species of Coelidiinae from Guizhou province (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Jour. Guizhou Agri. College 1:1-5.

[12] ______. 1991. Four new species of the genus Taharana from China. Acta Zool. Sinica 16(34):354-359.

[13] ______. 1993. A taxonomic study of Chinese genus Thagria (Homoptera: Coelidiinae). Jour. Guizhou Agri. College 12:29-33.

[14] Li, Z. & L. Wang. 1989. Three new species of Lodiana from Guizhou province, China. Jour. Guizhou Agri. College 2:1-3.

[15] ______. 1991. Agriculture and Forestry insect fauna of Guizhou. Guizhou, Science and Technology Printing House, 304p.

[16] MacArthur, R.H. & E.O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Monographs in population biology no. 1. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 203p.

[17] Nielson, M.W. 1986a. New genus and species of leathopper in the tribe Tinobregmini (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 46(1):134-136.

[18] ______. 1986b. New Oriental genus of leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini with descriptions of new species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 46(1):137-139.

[19] ______. 1986c. New thagriine leafhoppers from the Oriental region, with a key to 30 species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 46(2):321-328.

[20] ______. 1986d. Genus Paralidia with descriptions of new species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 46(2):329-335.

[21] ______. 1986e. New South American leafhoppers in the genus Docalidia, with a key to 37 species (Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae: Teruliini). Great Basin Nat. 46(4):749-762.

[22] ______. 1988a. New genera and new species of Neotropical Coelidiini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 48(2):232-249.

[23] ______. 1989a. On the genus Paracarinolidia (Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae: Teruliini). Great Basin Nat. 49(1):92-95.

[24] ______. 1989b. Two new genera and two new species of teruliine leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 49(1):96-99.

[25] ______. 1989c. New species of Harasupia with a revised key to the species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Great Basin Nat. 49(2):233-240.

[26] ______. 1989d. Additional new species of teruliine leafhoppers with key to species (Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae: Teruliini). Great Basin Nat. 49(3):398-403.

[27] ______. 1990a. New species of Docalidia from the Neotropical region (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. Scand. 21(2):225-240.

[28] ______. 1990b. New Oriental leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini with a revised key to the species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. Scand. 21 (4):445-475.

[29] ______. 1991a. Afrotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Part 1. New taxa with a revised key to species. Jour. African Zool. 105(5):393-428.

[30] ______. 1992a. Afrotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Part 2. Additional new taxa with taxonomic notes and a revised key to genera and species. Jour. African Zool. 106(3):211-242.

[31] ______. 1992b. New species of leafhoppers in the genera Thagria (Thagriini) and Tharra (Tharrini) from Indonesia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. News 103(3):65-71.

[32] ______. 1992c. New species of Neotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) with a revised key to some species. Entomol. News 103(4):93-102.

[33] ______. 1992d. New species of Neotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Youngolidiini with a revised key to species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. Scand. 23(3):289-296.

[34] ______. 1992e. New species of Neotropical leafhoppers in the tribe Teruliini with a revised key to some species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Entomol. Scand. 23(3):297-305.

[35] ______. 1996a. Two new Neotropical genera and new species of Docalidia in the tribe Teruliini (Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 122(2/3):135-145.

[36] ______. 1996b. Two new genera and some new species of Neotropical and Oriental leafhopers in the tribe Coelidiini (Cicadellidae: Coelidiini). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 122(2/3):147-160.

[37] ______. 1996c. A new species of Pilosana from Costa Rica (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Entomol. News 107(5):327-328.

[38] Nielson, M.W. & W.J. Knight. 2000. Distributional patterns and possible origins of leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Revta Bras. Zool. 17(1):81-156.

[39] Norton, I.O. & J.A. Sclater. 1979. A model for the evolution of the Indian ocean and the breakup of Gondwanaland. Jour. Geophy. Res. 84:6803-6830.

[40] Oman, P.W. 1987. Alary polymorphism in the Cicadellidae and its ecological implications, p. 55-63. In: M.R. Wilson; & L.R. Nault (Eds). Proc. 2^nd Internat. Workshop on leafhoppers and planthoppers of economic importance. Provo, Brigham Young University, 28 Jul-1 Aug., CAB International Institute of Entomology, 368p.

[41] Oman, P.W.; W.J. Knight & M.W. Nielson. 1990. Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae): A bibliography, generic check-list and index to the World literature, 1956-1985. Wallingford, C.A.B. International Institute of Entomology, 368p.

[42] Theron, J.G. 1986a. New genera and species of southern African Coelidiinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with description of the new tribe Equeefini. Phytophyl. 18:153-163.

[43] ______. 1986b. Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) associated with the renosterbos, Elytropappus rhinocerotis Less. III. The genera Equeefa Distant and Chlorita Fieber. Jour. Entomol. Soc. South Africa 49(1):95-105.

[44] Thorne, R.F. 1973. Floristic relationships between tropical Africa and tropical America, p. 27-47. In: B.J. Meggers; E.S. Ayensu & W.D. Duckworth (Eds). Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institute Press.

[45] Shcherbakov, D.E. 1992. The earliest leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Karajassidae, n.fam.) from Jurassic of Karatau. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Paleontol Momatsh. 1:39-51.

[46] Wallace, A.R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals. London, Macmillan, Vol. 2.

[47] Zhang, Y. 1990. A taxonomic study of Chinese Cicadellidae (Homoptera). Tianze Eldonejo, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 218p.

[48] ______. 1994. A taxonomic study of Chinese Coelidiinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae. Henan Science and Technology Press, 151 p.

[49] Zhang, Y. & A. Yang. 1994. Two new species of the genus Thagria Melichar (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Entomol.Res., Shaanxi Normal University Press, Xian, China, p. 1-4.

[50] Zhang, Y. & Y. Zhang. 1994. Two new species and one new record of the genus Taharana Nielson (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Entomotaxomia 16(2):95-98.