Microscopic morphology and histochemistry of the digestive system of a tropical freshwater fish Trichomycterus brasiliensis (Lütken) (Siluroidei, Trichomycteridae)

Oliveira Ribeiro, Ciro Alberto de; Fanta, Edith

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752000000400007

Abstract

The digestive system of Trichomycterus brasiliensis (Lütken, 1874), a small sized tropical Teleostean fish widely distributed in South America, was studied. Tissue samples were prepared for light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Trichomycterus brasiliensis shows stratified esophagus epithelium with taste buds and goblet cells with neutral and acid mucus at the anterior region. The stomach is caecal, presenting a pyloric valve with neutral mucus cells. At the terminal portion it is surrounded by a thick muscular wall. The intestine shows two loops; the epithelium is single columnar, with acid and neutral mucus in goblet cells. Multicellular intestinal glands are absent. Granular cells are often seen in the mucosa, less in the submucosa but were not observed in the muscularis. After the intestine-rectal valve, the rectum shows lower mucosal folds, more goblet cells and a thicker muscularis. No lobes were observed at the liver. Small regions of pancreatic tissue may be identified within the hepatic tissue mainly surrounding vessels and ducts. A compact pancreas may also be observed ventrally to the stomach and covering the bile duct. The possible significance of the heterogeneous character of the digestive tube mucosubstances is discussed. The digestive system of T. brasiliensis presents structural characteristics of a predator fish.

Teleostei; digestive tube; histology

Microscopic morphology and histochemistry of the digestive system of a tropical freshwater fish Trichomycterus brasiliensis (Lütken) (Siluroidei, Trichomycteridae)

Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro; Edith Fanta

Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19031, 81531-970 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. E-mail: ciro@garoupa.bio.ufpr.br

ABSTRACT

The digestive system of Trichomycterus brasiliensis (Lütken, 1874), a small sized tropical Teleostean fish widely distributed in South America, was studied. Tissue samples were prepared for light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Trichomycterus brasiliensis shows stratified esophagus epithelium with taste buds and goblet cells with neutral and acid mucus at the anterior region. The stomach is caecal, presenting a pyloric valve with neutral mucus cells. At the terminal portion it is surrounded by a thick muscular wall. The intestine shows two loops; the epithelium is single columnar, with acid and neutral mucus in goblet cells. Multicellular intestinal glands are absent. Granular cells are often seen in the mucosa, less in the submucosa but were not observed in the muscularis. After the intestine-rectal valve, the rectum shows lower mucosal folds, more goblet cells and a thicker muscularis. No lobes were observed at the liver. Small regions of pancreatic tissue may be identified within the hepatic tissue mainly surrounding vessels and ducts. A compact pancreas may also be observed ventrally to the stomach and covering the bile duct. The possible significance of the heterogeneous character of the digestive tube mucosubstances is discussed. The digestive system of T. brasiliensis presents structural characteristics of a predator fish.

Key words: Teleostei, digestive tube, histology

Full text available only in PDF format.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Financial supported was provided by CNPq and CAPES. The authors are grateful to the Electron Microscopy Center of the Federal University of Paraná for technical assistance. The editorial assistance of Dr. Helena Kavall was greatly appreciated.

REFERENCES

Agrawal, V.P. & V. Sharma. 1965. Morpho-histological studies of the digestive tract of Mystus vittatus (Bloch.). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 36:441-456

Al-Hussaini, A.H. 1946. The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of the bottom-feeder, Mulloides auriflamma (Forks). Jour. Morphol. 78:121-154.

______. 1947. The anatomy and histology of the plankton-feeder, Atherina forskali (Rupp). Jour. Morphol. 80:251-286.

______. 1949a. On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habit: anatomy and histology. Quant. Jour. Microsc. Soc. 90:109-140.

______. 1949b. On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habits cytology and physiology. Quant. Jour. Microsc. Soc. 90:323-354.

Anderson, T.A. 1986. Histological and cytological structure of the gastrointestinal tract of the luderick, Girella tricuspidata (Pisces, Kyphosidae) in relation to diet. Jour. Morphol. 190:109-119.

Barrington, E.J.W. 1957. The Physiology of Fishes, p. 109-161. In: M.E. BROWN (Ed.). Alimentary canal and digestion. New York, Academic Press.

Bishop, C. & P.H. Odense. 1966. Morphology of the digestive tract on the cod Gadus morhua. Fish Res. Board Can. 23:1607-1615.

Boldyreff, E.B. 1935. A microscopic study of the pancreas in fishes; especially those of the orders Haplomi and Cyprinodontes. Copeia 1:23-24.

Caceci, T. & T.C. Hrubec. 1990. Histology and ultrastructure of the gut of the black Mollie (Poecilia spp), a hybrid teleost. Jour. Morphol. 204:265-280.

Chaicharn, A. & W.L. Bullock. 1967. The histopatology of acanthocephalan infections in suckers with observations on the intestinal histology of two catatomid fishes. Acta Zool. 71:565-586.

Chaudhy, H.S. & O.P. Khandelwal. 1961. The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of Orienus plagiostomus (Heckel). Ann. Zool. Jap. 34:139-152.

Chaves, P.T.C. & C. Vazzoler. 1984. Aspectos biológicos de peixes amazônicos. III Anatomia microscópica do esôfago, estômago e cecos pilóricos de Semaprochilodus isignia (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae). Acta Amazônica 14:(3-4):343-353.

Clarke, A.J. & D.M. Witcomb. 1980. A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the common eel (Anguilla anguilla). Jour. Fish Biol. 16:159-170.

Dalela, R.C. 1969. Morpho-histology studies of the alimentary tract in the mastocumbelid eel Macrognathus aculeatus. Jour. Zool. Soc. 21:117-128.

Dawes, B. 1929. The histology of the alimentary canal of the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Quant. J. Microsc. Sci. 73:243-273.

Dzhumaliyev, M.K. 1982. The structure of the epithelium in fishes from different taxonomic groups. Biol. Nauki Kazakh. 11:65-75.

Gauthier, G.F. & S.C. Landis. 1975. The relationship of ultrastructural and cytological features to absorptive activity in the goldfish intestine. Anat. Rec. 172:675-702.

Godinho, H.; M. Tokumaru & A.G. Ferri. 1970. Hitologia do trato digestivo de Pimelodus maculatus (Lacépède, 1803) (Pisces, Siluroidei). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 30:583-593.

Grau, A.; S. Crespo; M.C. Sarasquete & D.M.L. Gonzales. 1992. The digestive tract of the amberjack Seriola dumerili, Risso: a light and scanning electron microscope study. Jour. Fish. Biol. 41:287-303.

Greene, C.N. 1912. Anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of king salmon. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 32:73-100.

Groman, D.B. 1982. Histology of the Striped bass. Amer. Fish. Soc. Monogr. No. 3.

Hale, P. 1965. The morphology and histology of the digestive systems of two freshwater teleost Poecilia reticulata and Gasterosterus aculeatus. Jour. Zool. 146:32-49.

Hampton, J.A.; J.E. Klaunign & P.J. Goldbltt. 1987. Resident sinusoidal macrophages in the liver of the Brown Bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus): An Ultrastructural, Function and Cytochemical Study. Anat Rec. 219:338-346.

Hampton, J.A.; R.C. Lantz & D.E. Hinton. 1989. Functional units in Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson) Liver: III. Morphometric analysis of parechyma, stroma, and component cell types. Amer. Jour. Anat. 185:58-73.

Hansen, S.J. & N.H. Youson. 1978. Morphology of the epithelium in the alimentary tract of the larval lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Jour. Morphol. 155:193-218.

Hirjii, K.N. 1983 Observationson the histology and histochemistry of the esophagus of the perch, Perca Fluviatilis L. Jour. Fish. Biol. 22:145-152.

Hoar, W.S.; D.J. Randall & J.R. Brett. 1979. Fish Physiology. Academic Press, Vol. VIII.

Humbert, W.; R. Kirsch & M.F. Meister. 1984. Scanning electron microscopic study of the esophageal mucous layer in the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Jour. Fish. Biol. 25:117-122.

Kapoor, R.; H. Smith & I.A. Verighinia. 1975. The alimentary canal and digestion in teleosts. Adv. Mar. Biol. 13:109-239.

Khanna, S.S. 1971. Morphology and histology of the teleostean intestine. Anat. Anz. 129:1-18.

Korovina, V.M.; A.V. Neyelov & Y.P. Bondarenko. 1991 The anatomy and histology of the intestine of the Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides, Smitt). Jour. Ichthyol. 31(6):34-40.

Krementz, A.B. & G.B. Chapman. 1975. Ultrastructure of the posterior half of the intestine of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Jour. Morphol. 145:441-482.

Kristal, J. 1946. The exocrine pancreatic tissue of seven teleosts. S. Afr. Jour. Med. Sci. Biol. Suppl. 11:79-86.

Kuperman, B.I. & V.V. Kuz'Maina. 1994. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithlium in fishes with different types of feeding. Jour. Fish. Biol. 44:181-193

Langer, M.; S. van Noorden & J.M. Polal. 1979. Peptide hormone-like immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and endocrine pancreas of eleven teleost species. Cell. Tissue Res. 199:493-508.

Lima, F.J.A.; F.C.L.B. Lima; M.H. Kireger-Azzolini & A.C. Boschero. 1991. Topography of the pancreatic region of the Pacu, Piaratus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887. Bol. Tec. CEPTA. 4(1):47-56.

Magid, A.M.A. 1975. The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of Polypterus senegalus (Pisces, Branchiopteryii). Jour. Morphol. 146:447-456.

Martin, T.J. & S.J.M. Blaber. 1984. Morphology and histology of the alimentary tracts of Ambassidae (Cuvier) (Teleostei) in relation to feeding. Jour. Morphol. 182: 295-305.

Meister, M.F.; W. Humbert; R. Kirsch & B. Vivienroels. 1983. Structure and ultrastructure of the oesophagus in sea-water and fresh-water teleosts (Pisces). Zoomorphol. 102:33-51.

Morrison, C.M. 1987. Histology of the Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua: Na Atlas. Part one. Digestive Tract and Associated Organs. Canadian Special Publications in Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 98p.

Moshin, S.M. 1962. Comparative Morphology and histology of the alimentary canals in certain groups of Indian teleosts. Acta Zool. 43: 79-133.

Murray, H.M.; G.M. Wright & G.P. Goff. 1994. A comparative histological and histochemical study of the stomach from three species of pleuronectid, the Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, the yellowtail flounder, Pleuronectes ferruginea, and the winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus. Can. Jour. Zool. 72:1199-1210.

Murray, H.M.; G.M. Wright & G.P. Goff. 1996. A comparative histological and histochemical study of the post-gastric alimentary canal from three species of pleuronectid, the Atlantic halibut, the yellowtail flounder and the winter flounder. Jour. Fish. Biol. 48:187-206.

Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A.; L.M. Fernandes; C.S. Carvalho; R.I. Cardoso & N.M. Turcatti. 1995. Acute effects of mercuric chloride on the olfactory epithelium of Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 31:104-109.

Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A. & R.F. Torres. 1995. Acute effects evaluation of HgCl₂ on epidermis of Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 32:260-266.

Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A.; J.R.D. Guimarães & W.C. Pfeiffer. 1996a. Accumulation and distribution of inorganic mercury in a tropical fish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 34:190-195.

Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A.; E. Fanta; N.M. Turcatti; R.J. Cardoso & C.S. Carvalho. 1996b. Lethal effects of inorganic mercury on cells and tissues of Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Biocell. 20(3):171-178.

Oliveira e Silva, S.L. 1971. Contribuição ao estudo histológico da mucosa digestiva de Cichla ocellaris. Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 54:15-16.

Osman, A.H.K. & T. Caceci. 1991. Histology of the stomach of the Tilapia nilotica (linnaeus, 1758) from the River Nile. Jour. Fish. Biol. 38:211-223.

Pasha, A. & S.M. Kamal. 1964. The anatomy and histology of the alimentary canal of an omnivorous fish, Mystus gulio (Ham.). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 59:211-221.

Pictet, A. 1909. Contribution à pétide histollogique du tube digestif des poassons cyprinoides. Res Suisse Zool. 17:1-78.

Pignalberi, C; E.C. Yuan & Y R. Occhi. 1973. Anatomia y histologia del aparato digestivo de Pimelodus albicans (Val.) Pisces, Pimelodidae. Physis Secc. B Aguas Cont. Org. 32:297-308.

Reifel, C.W. & A. A. Travill 1977. Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the esophagus in tem Teleostean species. Jour. Morphol. 152:303-314.

Reifel, C.W. & A. A. Travill. 1979. Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the intestine in ten teleostean species. Jour. Morphol. 162:343-360.

Rennie, J. 1903. On the occurence of a principal islet in the pancreas of Teleostei (preliminary note). Jour. Anat. Physiol. 37:375-378

Robertson, J.C. & R. Bradley. 1992. Liver ultrastructure of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Samo salar). Jour. Morphol. 211:41-54.

Rocha, E.; R.A.F. Monteiro & C.A. Pereira. 1994. The liver of the brown trout Salmo trutta fario: a ligth and electron microscopy study. Jour. Anat. 185:241-249.

______. 1995. Microanatomical organization of hepatic stroma of the brown trout, Salmo trutta fario (Teleostei, Salmonidae): A qualitative and quantitative approach. Jour Morphol. 223:1-11.

Rogick, M.S. 1931. Studies on the comparative histology of the digestive tube of certain teleost fishes. Jour Morphol. 53:1-25.

Rombout, J.K.. W.M. & J.J. Taverne-Thile. 1982. An immunocytochemical and electron-microscopical study of endocrine cells in the gut and pancreas of a stomachless teleost fish, Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae). Cell Tissue Res. 227:577-593.

Sehgal, P. & M. Salaria. 1970. Functional anatomy and histology of the digestive organs of Cirrhina mrigala. Nat. Acad. Sci. 40:212-222.

Simon, R.C.; A.M. Dollar & E.A. Smuckler. 1967. Descriptive classification on normal and altered histology of trout liver. In: J.E. Halver & I.A. Mitchell (Eds). Trout hepatoma research conference papers. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Res. Rep. 70.

Sinha, B.M. 1958. The pancreas in Wallago attu. Sci. Cult. 23:262-263.

Sinha, B.M. & S.K. Moitra. 1974. Morpho-histology of the intestine in a freshwater Major Carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) during the different life- history stages in relation to food and feeding habits. Anat. Anz. 137:395-407.

Sire, M.F. & J.M. Vernier. 1992. Intestinal absorption of protein in teleost fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 103(4):771-781.

Sis, R.F.; P.J. Ives; D.M. Jones; D.H. Lewis & W.E. Haensly. 1979. The microscopic anatomy of the oesophagus, stomach and intestine of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Jour. Fish. Biol. 14:179-186.

Sokolov, L.I.; O.V. Koshelev & G.I. Khalatyan 1986. Ecomorphological characteristics of Siberian Stugeon, Acipenser baeri from river. Vopr. Ikhtiol. 5:741-749.

Sriwastwa, V.M.S. 1970. Functional anatomy of digestive organs of a fresh-water fish Rhynchobdella aculeala (ham.). Act. Soc. Zool. 34(2):136-142.

Ulibarrie, L.S. 1982. Histoquimica de las mucinas epiteliais gastrointestinais de Serrasallmus spinopleura (Pisces, Characidae). Res. Assoc. Cienc. Nat. 13:1-4.

Verma, S.R. & M.P. Tyagi. 1974. A comparative histological study of the stomach of a few teleost fishes. Gegenbaurs Morphol. Jahrb. 120(2-5):244-253.

Yadav, A.N. & B.R. Singh. 1980. The gut of an intestinal air-breathing fish, Lepidocephalus guntea (Ham). Arch. Biol. 91:413-422.

Yasutake, W.T. & J.H. Wales. 1983. Microscopic Anatomy of Salmonides: An Atlas. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, No. 150.

Recebido em 16.IX.1999; aceito em 07.XII.2000.

Agrawal, V.P. & V. Sharma. 1965. Morpho-histological studies of the digestive tract of Mystus vittatus (Bloch.). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 36:441-456
Al-Hussaini, A.H. 1946. The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of the bottom-feeder, Mulloides auriflamma (Forks). Jour. Morphol. 78:121-154.
______. 1947. The anatomy and histology of the plankton-feeder, Atherina forskali (Rupp). Jour. Morphol. 80:251-286.
______. 1949a. On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habit: anatomy and histology. Quant. Jour. Microsc. Soc. 90:109-140.
______. 1949b. On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habits cytology and physiology. Quant. Jour. Microsc. Soc. 90:323-354.
Anderson, T.A. 1986. Histological and cytological structure of the gastrointestinal tract of the luderick, Girella tricuspidata (Pisces, Kyphosidae) in relation to diet. Jour. Morphol. 190:109-119.
Barrington, E.J.W. 1957. The Physiology of Fishes, p. 109-161. In: M.E. BROWN (Ed.). Alimentary canal and digestion. New York, Academic Press.
Bishop, C. & P.H. Odense. 1966. Morphology of the digestive tract on the cod Gadus morhua. Fish Res. Board Can. 23:1607-1615.
Boldyreff, E.B. 1935. A microscopic study of the pancreas in fishes; especially those of the orders Haplomi and Cyprinodontes. Copeia 1:23-24.
Caceci, T. & T.C. Hrubec. 1990. Histology and ultrastructure of the gut of the black Mollie (Poecilia spp), a hybrid teleost. Jour. Morphol. 204:265-280.
Chaicharn, A. & W.L. Bullock. 1967. The histopatology of acanthocephalan infections in suckers with observations on the intestinal histology of two catatomid fishes. Acta Zool. 71:565-586.
Chaudhy, H.S. & O.P. Khandelwal. 1961. The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of Orienus plagiostomus (Heckel). Ann. Zool. Jap. 34:139-152.
Chaves, P.T.C. & C. Vazzoler. 1984. Aspectos biológicos de peixes amazônicos. III Anatomia microscópica do esôfago, estômago e cecos pilóricos de Semaprochilodus isignia (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae). Acta Amazônica 14:(3-4):343-353.
Clarke, A.J. & D.M. Witcomb. 1980. A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the common eel (Anguilla anguilla). Jour. Fish Biol. 16:159-170.
Dalela, R.C. 1969. Morpho-histology studies of the alimentary tract in the mastocumbelid eel Macrognathus aculeatus. Jour. Zool. Soc. 21:117-128.
Dawes, B. 1929. The histology of the alimentary canal of the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Quant. J. Microsc. Sci. 73:243-273.
Dzhumaliyev, M.K. 1982. The structure of the epithelium in fishes from different taxonomic groups. Biol. Nauki Kazakh. 11:65-75.
Gauthier, G.F. & S.C. Landis. 1975. The relationship of ultrastructural and cytological features to absorptive activity in the goldfish intestine. Anat. Rec. 172:675-702.
Godinho, H.; M. Tokumaru & A.G. Ferri. 1970. Hitologia do trato digestivo de Pimelodus maculatus (Lacépède, 1803) (Pisces, Siluroidei). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 30:583-593.
Grau, A.; S. Crespo; M.C. Sarasquete & D.M.L. Gonzales. 1992. The digestive tract of the amberjack Seriola dumerili, Risso: a light and scanning electron microscope study. Jour. Fish. Biol. 41:287-303.
Greene, C.N. 1912. Anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of king salmon. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 32:73-100.
Groman, D.B. 1982. Histology of the Striped bass. Amer. Fish. Soc. Monogr. No. 3.
Hale, P. 1965. The morphology and histology of the digestive systems of two freshwater teleost Poecilia reticulata and Gasterosterus aculeatus. Jour. Zool. 146:32-49.
Hampton, J.A.; J.E. Klaunign & P.J. Goldbltt. 1987. Resident sinusoidal macrophages in the liver of the Brown Bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus): An Ultrastructural, Function and Cytochemical Study. Anat Rec. 219:338-346.
Hampton, J.A.; R.C. Lantz & D.E. Hinton. 1989. Functional units in Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson) Liver: III. Morphometric analysis of parechyma, stroma, and component cell types. Amer. Jour. Anat. 185:58-73.
Hansen, S.J. & N.H. Youson. 1978. Morphology of the epithelium in the alimentary tract of the larval lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Jour. Morphol. 155:193-218.
Hirjii, K.N. 1983 Observationson the histology and histochemistry of the esophagus of the perch, Perca Fluviatilis L. Jour. Fish. Biol. 22:145-152.
Hoar, W.S.; D.J. Randall & J.R. Brett. 1979. Fish Physiology. Academic Press, Vol. VIII.
Humbert, W.; R. Kirsch & M.F. Meister. 1984. Scanning electron microscopic study of the esophageal mucous layer in the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Jour. Fish. Biol. 25:117-122.
Kapoor, R.; H. Smith & I.A. Verighinia. 1975. The alimentary canal and digestion in teleosts. Adv. Mar. Biol. 13:109-239.
Khanna, S.S. 1971. Morphology and histology of the teleostean intestine. Anat. Anz. 129:1-18.
Korovina, V.M.; A.V. Neyelov & Y.P. Bondarenko. 1991 The anatomy and histology of the intestine of the Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides, Smitt). Jour. Ichthyol. 31(6):34-40.
Krementz, A.B. & G.B. Chapman. 1975. Ultrastructure of the posterior half of the intestine of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Jour. Morphol. 145:441-482.
Kristal, J. 1946. The exocrine pancreatic tissue of seven teleosts. S. Afr. Jour. Med. Sci. Biol. Suppl. 11:79-86.
Kuperman, B.I. & V.V. Kuz'Maina. 1994. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithlium in fishes with different types of feeding. Jour. Fish. Biol. 44:181-193
Langer, M.; S. van Noorden & J.M. Polal. 1979. Peptide hormone-like immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and endocrine pancreas of eleven teleost species. Cell. Tissue Res. 199:493-508.
Lima, F.J.A.; F.C.L.B. Lima; M.H. Kireger-Azzolini & A.C. Boschero. 1991. Topography of the pancreatic region of the Pacu, Piaratus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887. Bol. Tec. CEPTA. 4(1):47-56.
Magid, A.M.A. 1975. The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of Polypterus senegalus (Pisces, Branchiopteryii). Jour. Morphol. 146:447-456.
Martin, T.J. & S.J.M. Blaber. 1984. Morphology and histology of the alimentary tracts of Ambassidae (Cuvier) (Teleostei) in relation to feeding. Jour. Morphol. 182: 295-305.
Meister, M.F.; W. Humbert; R. Kirsch & B. Vivienroels. 1983. Structure and ultrastructure of the oesophagus in sea-water and fresh-water teleosts (Pisces). Zoomorphol. 102:33-51.
Morrison, C.M. 1987. Histology of the Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua: Na Atlas. Part one. Digestive Tract and Associated Organs. Canadian Special Publications in Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 98p.
Moshin, S.M. 1962. Comparative Morphology and histology of the alimentary canals in certain groups of Indian teleosts. Acta Zool. 43: 79-133.
Murray, H.M.; G.M. Wright & G.P. Goff. 1994. A comparative histological and histochemical study of the stomach from three species of pleuronectid, the Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, the yellowtail flounder, Pleuronectes ferruginea, and the winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus. Can. Jour. Zool. 72:1199-1210.
Murray, H.M.; G.M. Wright & G.P. Goff. 1996. A comparative histological and histochemical study of the post-gastric alimentary canal from three species of pleuronectid, the Atlantic halibut, the yellowtail flounder and the winter flounder. Jour. Fish. Biol. 48:187-206.
Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A.; L.M. Fernandes; C.S. Carvalho; R.I. Cardoso & N.M. Turcatti. 1995. Acute effects of mercuric chloride on the olfactory epithelium of Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 31:104-109.
Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A. & R.F. Torres. 1995. Acute effects evaluation of HgCl₂ on epidermis of Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 32:260-266.
Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A.; J.R.D. Guimarães & W.C. Pfeiffer. 1996a. Accumulation and distribution of inorganic mercury in a tropical fish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 34:190-195.
Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A.; E. Fanta; N.M. Turcatti; R.J. Cardoso & C.S. Carvalho. 1996b. Lethal effects of inorganic mercury on cells and tissues of Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Biocell. 20(3):171-178.
Oliveira e Silva, S.L. 1971. Contribuição ao estudo histológico da mucosa digestiva de Cichla ocellaris. Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 54:15-16.
Osman, A.H.K. & T. Caceci. 1991. Histology of the stomach of the Tilapia nilotica (linnaeus, 1758) from the River Nile. Jour. Fish. Biol. 38:211-223.
Pasha, A. & S.M. Kamal. 1964. The anatomy and histology of the alimentary canal of an omnivorous fish, Mystus gulio (Ham.). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 59:211-221.
Pictet, A. 1909. Contribution à pétide histollogique du tube digestif des poassons cyprinoides. Res Suisse Zool. 17:1-78.
Pignalberi, C; E.C. Yuan & Y R. Occhi. 1973. Anatomia y histologia del aparato digestivo de Pimelodus albicans (Val.) Pisces, Pimelodidae. Physis Secc. B Aguas Cont. Org. 32:297-308.
Reifel, C.W. & A. A. Travill 1977. Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the esophagus in tem Teleostean species. Jour. Morphol. 152:303-314.
Reifel, C.W. & A. A. Travill. 1979. Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the intestine in ten teleostean species. Jour. Morphol. 162:343-360.
Rennie, J. 1903. On the occurence of a principal islet in the pancreas of Teleostei (preliminary note). Jour. Anat. Physiol. 37:375-378
Robertson, J.C. & R. Bradley. 1992. Liver ultrastructure of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Samo salar). Jour. Morphol. 211:41-54.
Rocha, E.; R.A.F. Monteiro & C.A. Pereira. 1994. The liver of the brown trout Salmo trutta fario: a ligth and electron microscopy study. Jour. Anat. 185:241-249.
______. 1995. Microanatomical organization of hepatic stroma of the brown trout, Salmo trutta fario (Teleostei, Salmonidae): A qualitative and quantitative approach. Jour Morphol. 223:1-11.
Rogick, M.S. 1931. Studies on the comparative histology of the digestive tube of certain teleost fishes. Jour Morphol. 53:1-25.
Rombout, J.K.. W.M. & J.J. Taverne-Thile. 1982. An immunocytochemical and electron-microscopical study of endocrine cells in the gut and pancreas of a stomachless teleost fish, Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae). Cell Tissue Res. 227:577-593.
Sehgal, P. & M. Salaria. 1970. Functional anatomy and histology of the digestive organs of Cirrhina mrigala. Nat. Acad. Sci. 40:212-222.
Simon, R.C.; A.M. Dollar & E.A. Smuckler. 1967. Descriptive classification on normal and altered histology of trout liver. In: J.E. Halver & I.A. Mitchell (Eds). Trout hepatoma research conference papers. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Res. Rep. 70.
Sinha, B.M. 1958. The pancreas in Wallago attu. Sci. Cult. 23:262-263.
Sinha, B.M. & S.K. Moitra. 1974. Morpho-histology of the intestine in a freshwater Major Carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) during the different life- history stages in relation to food and feeding habits. Anat. Anz. 137:395-407.
Sire, M.F. & J.M. Vernier. 1992. Intestinal absorption of protein in teleost fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 103(4):771-781.
Sis, R.F.; P.J. Ives; D.M. Jones; D.H. Lewis & W.E. Haensly. 1979. The microscopic anatomy of the oesophagus, stomach and intestine of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Jour. Fish. Biol. 14:179-186.
Sokolov, L.I.; O.V. Koshelev & G.I. Khalatyan 1986. Ecomorphological characteristics of Siberian Stugeon, Acipenser baeri from river. Vopr. Ikhtiol. 5:741-749.
Sriwastwa, V.M.S. 1970. Functional anatomy of digestive organs of a fresh-water fish Rhynchobdella aculeala (ham.). Act. Soc. Zool. 34(2):136-142.
Ulibarrie, L.S. 1982. Histoquimica de las mucinas epiteliais gastrointestinais de Serrasallmus spinopleura (Pisces, Characidae). Res. Assoc. Cienc. Nat. 13:1-4.
Verma, S.R. & M.P. Tyagi. 1974. A comparative histological study of the stomach of a few teleost fishes. Gegenbaurs Morphol. Jahrb. 120(2-5):244-253.
Yadav, A.N. & B.R. Singh. 1980. The gut of an intestinal air-breathing fish, Lepidocephalus guntea (Ham). Arch. Biol. 91:413-422.
Yasutake, W.T. & J.H. Wales. 1983. Microscopic Anatomy of Salmonides: An Atlas. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, No. 150.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
30 Apr 2009
Date of issue
Dec 2000

History

Accepted
07 Dec 2000
Received
16 Sept 1999

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Agrawal, V.P. & V. Sharma. 1965. Morpho-histological studies of the digestive tract of Mystus vittatus (Bloch.). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 36:441-456

[2] Al-Hussaini, A.H. 1946. The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of the bottom-feeder, Mulloides auriflamma (Forks). Jour. Morphol. 78:121-154.

[3] ______. 1947. The anatomy and histology of the plankton-feeder, Atherina forskali (Rupp). Jour. Morphol. 80:251-286.

[4] ______. 1949a. On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habit: anatomy and histology. Quant. Jour. Microsc. Soc. 90:109-140.

[5] ______. 1949b. On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habits cytology and physiology. Quant. Jour. Microsc. Soc. 90:323-354.

[6] Anderson, T.A. 1986. Histological and cytological structure of the gastrointestinal tract of the luderick, Girella tricuspidata (Pisces, Kyphosidae) in relation to diet. Jour. Morphol. 190:109-119.

[7] Barrington, E.J.W. 1957. The Physiology of Fishes, p. 109-161. In: M.E. BROWN (Ed.). Alimentary canal and digestion. New York, Academic Press.

[8] Bishop, C. & P.H. Odense. 1966. Morphology of the digestive tract on the cod Gadus morhua. Fish Res. Board Can. 23:1607-1615.

[9] Boldyreff, E.B. 1935. A microscopic study of the pancreas in fishes; especially those of the orders Haplomi and Cyprinodontes. Copeia 1:23-24.

[10] Caceci, T. & T.C. Hrubec. 1990. Histology and ultrastructure of the gut of the black Mollie (Poecilia spp), a hybrid teleost. Jour. Morphol. 204:265-280.

[11] Chaicharn, A. & W.L. Bullock. 1967. The histopatology of acanthocephalan infections in suckers with observations on the intestinal histology of two catatomid fishes. Acta Zool. 71:565-586.

[12] Chaudhy, H.S. & O.P. Khandelwal. 1961. The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of Orienus plagiostomus (Heckel). Ann. Zool. Jap. 34:139-152.

[13] Chaves, P.T.C. & C. Vazzoler. 1984. Aspectos biológicos de peixes amazônicos. III Anatomia microscópica do esôfago, estômago e cecos pilóricos de Semaprochilodus isignia (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae). Acta Amazônica 14:(3-4):343-353.

[14] Clarke, A.J. & D.M. Witcomb. 1980. A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the common eel (Anguilla anguilla). Jour. Fish Biol. 16:159-170.

[15] Dalela, R.C. 1969. Morpho-histology studies of the alimentary tract in the mastocumbelid eel Macrognathus aculeatus. Jour. Zool. Soc. 21:117-128.

[16] Dawes, B. 1929. The histology of the alimentary canal of the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Quant. J. Microsc. Sci. 73:243-273.

[17] Dzhumaliyev, M.K. 1982. The structure of the epithelium in fishes from different taxonomic groups. Biol. Nauki Kazakh. 11:65-75.

[18] Gauthier, G.F. & S.C. Landis. 1975. The relationship of ultrastructural and cytological features to absorptive activity in the goldfish intestine. Anat. Rec. 172:675-702.

[19] Godinho, H.; M. Tokumaru & A.G. Ferri. 1970. Hitologia do trato digestivo de Pimelodus maculatus (Lacépède, 1803) (Pisces, Siluroidei). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 30:583-593.

[20] Grau, A.; S. Crespo; M.C. Sarasquete & D.M.L. Gonzales. 1992. The digestive tract of the amberjack Seriola dumerili, Risso: a light and scanning electron microscope study. Jour. Fish. Biol. 41:287-303.

[21] Greene, C.N. 1912. Anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of king salmon. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 32:73-100.

[22] Groman, D.B. 1982. Histology of the Striped bass. Amer. Fish. Soc. Monogr. No. 3.

[23] Hale, P. 1965. The morphology and histology of the digestive systems of two freshwater teleost Poecilia reticulata and Gasterosterus aculeatus. Jour. Zool. 146:32-49.

[24] Hampton, J.A.; J.E. Klaunign & P.J. Goldbltt. 1987. Resident sinusoidal macrophages in the liver of the Brown Bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus): An Ultrastructural, Function and Cytochemical Study. Anat Rec. 219:338-346.

[25] Hampton, J.A.; R.C. Lantz & D.E. Hinton. 1989. Functional units in Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson) Liver: III. Morphometric analysis of parechyma, stroma, and component cell types. Amer. Jour. Anat. 185:58-73.

[26] Hansen, S.J. & N.H. Youson. 1978. Morphology of the epithelium in the alimentary tract of the larval lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Jour. Morphol. 155:193-218.

[27] Hirjii, K.N. 1983 Observationson the histology and histochemistry of the esophagus of the perch, Perca Fluviatilis L. Jour. Fish. Biol. 22:145-152.

[28] Hoar, W.S.; D.J. Randall & J.R. Brett. 1979. Fish Physiology. Academic Press, Vol. VIII.

[29] Humbert, W.; R. Kirsch & M.F. Meister. 1984. Scanning electron microscopic study of the esophageal mucous layer in the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Jour. Fish. Biol. 25:117-122.

[30] Kapoor, R.; H. Smith & I.A. Verighinia. 1975. The alimentary canal and digestion in teleosts. Adv. Mar. Biol. 13:109-239.

[31] Khanna, S.S. 1971. Morphology and histology of the teleostean intestine. Anat. Anz. 129:1-18.

[32] Korovina, V.M.; A.V. Neyelov & Y.P. Bondarenko. 1991 The anatomy and histology of the intestine of the Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides, Smitt). Jour. Ichthyol. 31(6):34-40.

[33] Krementz, A.B. & G.B. Chapman. 1975. Ultrastructure of the posterior half of the intestine of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Jour. Morphol. 145:441-482.

[34] Kristal, J. 1946. The exocrine pancreatic tissue of seven teleosts. S. Afr. Jour. Med. Sci. Biol. Suppl. 11:79-86.

[35] Kuperman, B.I. & V.V. Kuz'Maina. 1994. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithlium in fishes with different types of feeding. Jour. Fish. Biol. 44:181-193

[36] Langer, M.; S. van Noorden & J.M. Polal. 1979. Peptide hormone-like immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and endocrine pancreas of eleven teleost species. Cell. Tissue Res. 199:493-508.

[37] Lima, F.J.A.; F.C.L.B. Lima; M.H. Kireger-Azzolini & A.C. Boschero. 1991. Topography of the pancreatic region of the Pacu, Piaratus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887. Bol. Tec. CEPTA. 4(1):47-56.

[38] Magid, A.M.A. 1975. The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of Polypterus senegalus (Pisces, Branchiopteryii). Jour. Morphol. 146:447-456.

[39] Martin, T.J. & S.J.M. Blaber. 1984. Morphology and histology of the alimentary tracts of Ambassidae (Cuvier) (Teleostei) in relation to feeding. Jour. Morphol. 182: 295-305.

[40] Meister, M.F.; W. Humbert; R. Kirsch & B. Vivienroels. 1983. Structure and ultrastructure of the oesophagus in sea-water and fresh-water teleosts (Pisces). Zoomorphol. 102:33-51.

[41] Morrison, C.M. 1987. Histology of the Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua: Na Atlas. Part one. Digestive Tract and Associated Organs. Canadian Special Publications in Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 98p.

[42] Moshin, S.M. 1962. Comparative Morphology and histology of the alimentary canals in certain groups of Indian teleosts. Acta Zool. 43: 79-133.

[43] Murray, H.M.; G.M. Wright & G.P. Goff. 1994. A comparative histological and histochemical study of the stomach from three species of pleuronectid, the Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, the yellowtail flounder, Pleuronectes ferruginea, and the winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus. Can. Jour. Zool. 72:1199-1210.

[44] Murray, H.M.; G.M. Wright & G.P. Goff. 1996. A comparative histological and histochemical study of the post-gastric alimentary canal from three species of pleuronectid, the Atlantic halibut, the yellowtail flounder and the winter flounder. Jour. Fish. Biol. 48:187-206.

[45] Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A.; L.M. Fernandes; C.S. Carvalho; R.I. Cardoso & N.M. Turcatti. 1995. Acute effects of mercuric chloride on the olfactory epithelium of Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 31:104-109.

[46] Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A. & R.F. Torres. 1995. Acute effects evaluation of HgCl₂ on epidermis of Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 32:260-266.

[47] Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A.; J.R.D. Guimarães & W.C. Pfeiffer. 1996a. Accumulation and distribution of inorganic mercury in a tropical fish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 34:190-195.

[48] Oliveira-Ribeiro, C.A.; E. Fanta; N.M. Turcatti; R.J. Cardoso & C.S. Carvalho. 1996b. Lethal effects of inorganic mercury on cells and tissues of Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Biocell. 20(3):171-178.

[49] Oliveira e Silva, S.L. 1971. Contribuição ao estudo histológico da mucosa digestiva de Cichla ocellaris. Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 54:15-16.

[50] Osman, A.H.K. & T. Caceci. 1991. Histology of the stomach of the Tilapia nilotica (linnaeus, 1758) from the River Nile. Jour. Fish. Biol. 38:211-223.

[51] Pasha, A. & S.M. Kamal. 1964. The anatomy and histology of the alimentary canal of an omnivorous fish, Mystus gulio (Ham.). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 59:211-221.

[52] Pictet, A. 1909. Contribution à pétide histollogique du tube digestif des poassons cyprinoides. Res Suisse Zool. 17:1-78.

[53] Pignalberi, C; E.C. Yuan & Y R. Occhi. 1973. Anatomia y histologia del aparato digestivo de Pimelodus albicans (Val.) Pisces, Pimelodidae. Physis Secc. B Aguas Cont. Org. 32:297-308.

[54] Reifel, C.W. & A. A. Travill 1977. Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the esophagus in tem Teleostean species. Jour. Morphol. 152:303-314.

[55] Reifel, C.W. & A. A. Travill. 1979. Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the intestine in ten teleostean species. Jour. Morphol. 162:343-360.

[56] Rennie, J. 1903. On the occurence of a principal islet in the pancreas of Teleostei (preliminary note). Jour. Anat. Physiol. 37:375-378

[57] Robertson, J.C. & R. Bradley. 1992. Liver ultrastructure of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Samo salar). Jour. Morphol. 211:41-54.

[58] Rocha, E.; R.A.F. Monteiro & C.A. Pereira. 1994. The liver of the brown trout Salmo trutta fario: a ligth and electron microscopy study. Jour. Anat. 185:241-249.

[59] ______. 1995. Microanatomical organization of hepatic stroma of the brown trout, Salmo trutta fario (Teleostei, Salmonidae): A qualitative and quantitative approach. Jour Morphol. 223:1-11.

[60] Rogick, M.S. 1931. Studies on the comparative histology of the digestive tube of certain teleost fishes. Jour Morphol. 53:1-25.

[61] Rombout, J.K.. W.M. & J.J. Taverne-Thile. 1982. An immunocytochemical and electron-microscopical study of endocrine cells in the gut and pancreas of a stomachless teleost fish, Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae). Cell Tissue Res. 227:577-593.

[62] Sehgal, P. & M. Salaria. 1970. Functional anatomy and histology of the digestive organs of Cirrhina mrigala. Nat. Acad. Sci. 40:212-222.

[63] Simon, R.C.; A.M. Dollar & E.A. Smuckler. 1967. Descriptive classification on normal and altered histology of trout liver. In: J.E. Halver & I.A. Mitchell (Eds). Trout hepatoma research conference papers. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Res. Rep. 70.

[64] Sinha, B.M. 1958. The pancreas in Wallago attu. Sci. Cult. 23:262-263.

[65] Sinha, B.M. & S.K. Moitra. 1974. Morpho-histology of the intestine in a freshwater Major Carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) during the different life- history stages in relation to food and feeding habits. Anat. Anz. 137:395-407.

[66] Sire, M.F. & J.M. Vernier. 1992. Intestinal absorption of protein in teleost fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 103(4):771-781.

[67] Sis, R.F.; P.J. Ives; D.M. Jones; D.H. Lewis & W.E. Haensly. 1979. The microscopic anatomy of the oesophagus, stomach and intestine of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Jour. Fish. Biol. 14:179-186.

[68] Sokolov, L.I.; O.V. Koshelev & G.I. Khalatyan 1986. Ecomorphological characteristics of Siberian Stugeon, Acipenser baeri from river. Vopr. Ikhtiol. 5:741-749.

[69] Sriwastwa, V.M.S. 1970. Functional anatomy of digestive organs of a fresh-water fish Rhynchobdella aculeala (ham.). Act. Soc. Zool. 34(2):136-142.

[70] Ulibarrie, L.S. 1982. Histoquimica de las mucinas epiteliais gastrointestinais de Serrasallmus spinopleura (Pisces, Characidae). Res. Assoc. Cienc. Nat. 13:1-4.

[71] Verma, S.R. & M.P. Tyagi. 1974. A comparative histological study of the stomach of a few teleost fishes. Gegenbaurs Morphol. Jahrb. 120(2-5):244-253.

[72] Yadav, A.N. & B.R. Singh. 1980. The gut of an intestinal air-breathing fish, Lepidocephalus guntea (Ham). Arch. Biol. 91:413-422.

[73] Yasutake, W.T. & J.H. Wales. 1983. Microscopic Anatomy of Salmonides: An Atlas. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, No. 150.