Potencial atrator de peixes ósseos em recife artificial no litoral norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Gomes, Marcelo Paes; Novelli, Ronaldo; Faria, Vicente Vieira; Zalmon, Ilana Rosental

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752001000300014

Resumo

Artificial reefs have become an important and popular resource enhancement technique by concentrating fishes and by increasing natural production of biological resources. In order to increase the necto-benthic colonization potencial, an artificial reef was installed on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro (21º27'S, 41ºOO'W), an area with typically low relief bottom. Measuring nearly 1500 m², the reef consisted of four sets of different materials randomly disposed: concrete pipes (N = 12); tires structures (N = 20); and cement tanks (N = 7) and pre-made blocks (N = 4). ln order to determine the artificial reef effects on the teleost community, trammel nets were used for monthly sampling the reef site (RA) and on a control area (AC) with sandy bottom. During the 23-month survey from April/96 to March/98, were recorded: a) Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) and Haemulon aurolieatum (Cuvier, 1829) as exclusive species of the RA; b) higher values of species richness and abundance on the RA, at least in 5 of 8 periods; c) increase on the fish abundance on summer months. Correlation analysis indicated that salinity and precipitation were the most significant environmental factors correlated with the temporal fish community variation. This results highlight the importance of rainfall periodicity and the influence of Paraíba do Sul River on the nekton assemblage distribution. It is suggested that the functional role of the artificial reef might be related to higher availability of local shelter and food resources.

Artificial reef; osteichthyes; community structure; temporal variation; Northern coast of Rio de Janeiro

Potencial atrator de peixes ósseos em recife artificial no litoral norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Attractor potential of osteichthyes in artificial reef on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Marcelo Paes Gomes^I; Ronaldo Novelli^I; Vicente Vieira Faria^II; Ilana Rosental Zalmon^I

^ILaboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, 28015-620 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. E-mail: marcelopgomes@hotmail.com

^IIDepartment of Zoology and Genetics, Iwoa State University. Ames, Iwoa 50011, USA

ABSTRACT

Artificial reefs have become an important and popular resource enhancement technique by concentrating fishes and by increasing natural production of biological resources. In order to increase the necto-benthic colonization potencial, an artificial reef was installed on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro (21º27'S, 41ºOO'W), an area with typically low relief bottom. Measuring nearly 1500 m², the reef consisted of four sets of different materials randomly disposed: concrete pipes (N = 12); tires structures (N = 20); and cement tanks (N = 7) and pre-made blocks (N = 4). ln order to determine the artificial reef effects on the teleost community, trammel nets were used for monthly sampling the reef site (RA) and on a control area (AC) with sandy bottom. During the 23-month survey from April/96 to March/98, were recorded: a) Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) and Haemulon aurolieatum (Cuvier, 1829) as exclusive species of the RA; b) higher values of species richness and abundance on the RA, at least in 5 of 8 periods; c) increase on the fish abundance on summer months. Correlation analysis indicated that salinity and precipitation were the most significant environmental factors correlated with the temporal fish community variation. This results highlight the importance of rainfall periodicity and the influence of Paraíba do Sul River on the nekton assemblage distribution. It is suggested that the functional role of the artificial reef might be related to higher availability of local shelter and food resources.

Key words: Artificial reef, osteichthyes, community structure, temporal variation, Northern coast of Rio de Janeiro.

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Agradecemos a FENORTE, FAPERJ e CNPq; ao Curso de Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; ao apoio de MsC. Flávio Antônio Costa Gomes, do MsC. Eduardo Ayres Godoy de Souza; e do apoio técnico do Sr. Antônio Carlos de Oliveira Peçanha.

Recebido em 30.III.2000; aceito em 24.VII.2001.

ARAÚJO, F.G. 1996. Composição e estrutura da comunidade de peixes do médio e baixo rio Paraíba do Sul, RJ. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 56(1):111-126.
ARAÚJO, F.G.; A.G. CRUZ-FILHO; M.C.C. AZEVÊDO & A.C.A. SANTOS.1998. Estrutura da comunidade de peixes demersais da baía de Sepetiba, RJ. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 58(3):417-430.
BOHNSACK, J.A.; A.M. ECKLUND & A.M. SZMANT.1997. Artificial Reef Researeh: Is There More Than the Attraction-Production Issue? Fisheries 22(4):14-12.
BOMBACE, G.; G. FABI; L. FIORENTINI & S. SPERANZA. 1994. Analysis of the efficacy of artificial reefs located in five different areas of the Adriatic Sea. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):559-580.
CONCEIÇÃO, R.N.L. & C. MONTEIRO-NETO.1998. Recifes artificiais marinhos. Biotec. Ci. & Desenvol., São Paulo, 6:14-17.
D'ITRI, F.M. 1986. Artilicial Reefs: Marine and Freshwater Applications. Chelsea, Lewis Publ. Inc., 589p.
FIGUEIREDO, J.L. & N.A. MENEZES. 1978. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Univ. São Paulo, 110p.
______. 1980. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. III. Teleostei (2). São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Univ. de São Paulo, 90p.
FOX, L.S. & W.R. MOCK JR. 1968. Seasonal Occurrence of Fishes in Two Shore Habitats in Barataria Bay, Luisiana. Louis. Acad. Sci. 31:43-53.
GROVE, R.S.; M. NAKAMURA; H. KAKIMOTO & C.J. SONU. 1994. Aquatic habitat technology innovation in Japan. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):276-294.
JACOBI, C.M. 1994. Sucessão em Comunidades Experimentais Aquáticas. An. III Simp. Ecos. Costa Brasileira, Serra Negra, 3:246-255.
JARA, F. & R. CÉSPEDES. 1994. An experimental evaluation of habitat enhancement on homogeneous marine bottoms in southern Chile. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):295-307.
LINDQUIST, D.G.; L.B. CAHOON; I.E. CLAVIJO; M.H. POSEY; S.K. BOLDEN; L.A. PIKE; S.W. BURK & P.A. CARDULLO.1994. Reef fish stomach contents and prey abundance on reef and sand substrata associated with adjacent artificial and natural reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):308-318.
MENEZES, N.A. & J.L. FIGUEIREDO. 1980. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. IV. Teleostei (3). São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Univ. São Paulo, 96p.
______. 1985. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. V. Teleostei (4). São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Univ. de São Paulo, 105p.
MONTEIRO-NETO, C., C. BLACHER; A.A.S. LAURENT; F.N. SNIZEK; M.B. CANOZZI & L.L.C. DE A. TABAJARA. 1990. Estrutura da Comunidade de Peixes em Águas Rasas na Região de Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Atlântica, Rio Grande, 12(3):53-69.
MORENO, I.; I. ROCA; O. REÑONES; J. COLL & M. SALAMANCA. 1994. Artificial reef program in Balearic waters (Western Mediterranean). Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):667-671.
MOTTET, M.G. 1986. Enhancement of the Marin Environment for Fisheries, p. 13-112. In: F.M. D'ITRI (Ed.). Artificial Reefs: Marine and Freshwater Applications. Chelsea, Lewis Publ. lnc., 589p.
NAUGHTON, S.P. & C.H. SALOMAN. 1978. Fishes of the Nearshore Zone of St. Andrew Bay, Florida, and Adjacent Coast. Nor. Gulf Sci. 2(1):43-55.
PEARCE, J.B. & S. CHANG. 1982. The efficacy of various materials in artificial reef construction. Int. Counc. Expl. Sea. 64:1-11.
RISK, M.J. 1981. Artificial reefs in Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Atoll. Res, Bull. 225:91-100.
RYU, H.Y. 1995. Artificial reef ecology. Kyoto, 9^th Marine Ranch Training Course in Koshi Univ., 13p.
SAMMARCO, P.W.; M.J. RISK & C. ROSE. 1987. Effects of grazing and damsel fish territoriality on internal bioerosion of dead corals: indireet effeets. Jour. Exp. Mar Biol. Ecol. 112:185-199.
SANTOS, M.N. & C.C. MONTEIRO. 1997. The Olhao Artificial Reef System (South Portugal) - Fish Assemblages and Fishing Yield. Fish. Res. 30(1-2):33-41.
SEAMAN JR., W.; R.M. BUCKLEY & J.J. POLOVINA. 1989. Advances in Knowledge and Priorities for Research and Mangement related to Artificial Aquatic Habitats. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44(2):527-532.
SOKAL, R.P. & F.J. ROHLF. 1981. Biometry: The Principies and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. San Francisco, W.H. Freudman Co., 2^nd ed., 776p.
SOUZA, E.G.A.; C.F. SILVA; E.A. PEREIRA & J.R. ZALMON. 1998. A influência de parâmetros ambientais na distribuição temporal dos peixes capturados em recife artificial (S. Francisco do ltabapoana, RJ) An. IV Simp. Ecos. Brasil., Águas de Lindóia, 1:325-332.
STONE, R.B. 1986. History of Artificial Reef Use in the United States, p. 1-12. In: F. M. D'ITRI (Ed.) Artificial Reefs: Marine and Freshwater Applications. Chelsea, Lewis Publ. Inc., USA, 589p.
VALENTIN, J.L. & W.M. MONTEIRO-RIBAS. 1993. Zooplankton community structure on the east-southeast Brazilian continental shelf (18-23ºS latitude). Cont. Shelf Res. 13(4):407-424.
VAZZOLER, A.E.A.M. 1996. Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos: teoria e prática. Maringá, Ed. Univ. Estadual Maringá, 169p.
ZALMON, I.R.; B.A.P. GAMA; & A. LETA. 1993. Fouling Community at Guanabara Bay, Brazil: A Directional Process of a Variable Temporal Progression? Oebalia 19(Suppl.):217-222.
ZAR, .I.H. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 4^th ed., 663p.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
08 Maio 2009
Data do Fascículo
Set 2001

Histórico

Aceito
24 Jul 2001
Recebido
30 Mar 2000

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ARAÚJO, F.G. 1996. Composição e estrutura da comunidade de peixes do médio e baixo rio Paraíba do Sul, RJ. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 56(1):111-126.

[2] ARAÚJO, F.G.; A.G. CRUZ-FILHO; M.C.C. AZEVÊDO & A.C.A. SANTOS.1998. Estrutura da comunidade de peixes demersais da baía de Sepetiba, RJ. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 58(3):417-430.

[3] BOHNSACK, J.A.; A.M. ECKLUND & A.M. SZMANT.1997. Artificial Reef Researeh: Is There More Than the Attraction-Production Issue? Fisheries 22(4):14-12.

[4] BOMBACE, G.; G. FABI; L. FIORENTINI & S. SPERANZA. 1994. Analysis of the efficacy of artificial reefs located in five different areas of the Adriatic Sea. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):559-580.

[5] CONCEIÇÃO, R.N.L. & C. MONTEIRO-NETO.1998. Recifes artificiais marinhos. Biotec. Ci. & Desenvol., São Paulo, 6:14-17.

[6] D'ITRI, F.M. 1986. Artilicial Reefs: Marine and Freshwater Applications. Chelsea, Lewis Publ. Inc., 589p.

[7] FIGUEIREDO, J.L. & N.A. MENEZES. 1978. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Univ. São Paulo, 110p.

[8] ______. 1980. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. III. Teleostei (2). São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Univ. de São Paulo, 90p.

[9] FOX, L.S. & W.R. MOCK JR. 1968. Seasonal Occurrence of Fishes in Two Shore Habitats in Barataria Bay, Luisiana. Louis. Acad. Sci. 31:43-53.

[10] GROVE, R.S.; M. NAKAMURA; H. KAKIMOTO & C.J. SONU. 1994. Aquatic habitat technology innovation in Japan. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):276-294.

[11] JACOBI, C.M. 1994. Sucessão em Comunidades Experimentais Aquáticas. An. III Simp. Ecos. Costa Brasileira, Serra Negra, 3:246-255.

[12] JARA, F. & R. CÉSPEDES. 1994. An experimental evaluation of habitat enhancement on homogeneous marine bottoms in southern Chile. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):295-307.

[13] LINDQUIST, D.G.; L.B. CAHOON; I.E. CLAVIJO; M.H. POSEY; S.K. BOLDEN; L.A. PIKE; S.W. BURK & P.A. CARDULLO.1994. Reef fish stomach contents and prey abundance on reef and sand substrata associated with adjacent artificial and natural reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):308-318.

[14] MENEZES, N.A. & J.L. FIGUEIREDO. 1980. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. IV. Teleostei (3). São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Univ. São Paulo, 96p.

[15] ______. 1985. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. V. Teleostei (4). São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Univ. de São Paulo, 105p.

[16] MONTEIRO-NETO, C., C. BLACHER; A.A.S. LAURENT; F.N. SNIZEK; M.B. CANOZZI & L.L.C. DE A. TABAJARA. 1990. Estrutura da Comunidade de Peixes em Águas Rasas na Região de Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Atlântica, Rio Grande, 12(3):53-69.

[17] MORENO, I.; I. ROCA; O. REÑONES; J. COLL & M. SALAMANCA. 1994. Artificial reef program in Balearic waters (Western Mediterranean). Bull. Mar. Sci. 55(2-3):667-671.

[18] MOTTET, M.G. 1986. Enhancement of the Marin Environment for Fisheries, p. 13-112. In: F.M. D'ITRI (Ed.). Artificial Reefs: Marine and Freshwater Applications. Chelsea, Lewis Publ. lnc., 589p.

[19] NAUGHTON, S.P. & C.H. SALOMAN. 1978. Fishes of the Nearshore Zone of St. Andrew Bay, Florida, and Adjacent Coast. Nor. Gulf Sci. 2(1):43-55.

[20] PEARCE, J.B. & S. CHANG. 1982. The efficacy of various materials in artificial reef construction. Int. Counc. Expl. Sea. 64:1-11.

[21] RISK, M.J. 1981. Artificial reefs in Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Atoll. Res, Bull. 225:91-100.

[22] RYU, H.Y. 1995. Artificial reef ecology. Kyoto, 9^th Marine Ranch Training Course in Koshi Univ., 13p.

[23] SAMMARCO, P.W.; M.J. RISK & C. ROSE. 1987. Effects of grazing and damsel fish territoriality on internal bioerosion of dead corals: indireet effeets. Jour. Exp. Mar Biol. Ecol. 112:185-199.

[24] SANTOS, M.N. & C.C. MONTEIRO. 1997. The Olhao Artificial Reef System (South Portugal) - Fish Assemblages and Fishing Yield. Fish. Res. 30(1-2):33-41.

[25] SEAMAN JR., W.; R.M. BUCKLEY & J.J. POLOVINA. 1989. Advances in Knowledge and Priorities for Research and Mangement related to Artificial Aquatic Habitats. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44(2):527-532.

[26] SOKAL, R.P. & F.J. ROHLF. 1981. Biometry: The Principies and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. San Francisco, W.H. Freudman Co., 2^nd ed., 776p.

[27] SOUZA, E.G.A.; C.F. SILVA; E.A. PEREIRA & J.R. ZALMON. 1998. A influência de parâmetros ambientais na distribuição temporal dos peixes capturados em recife artificial (S. Francisco do ltabapoana, RJ) An. IV Simp. Ecos. Brasil., Águas de Lindóia, 1:325-332.

[28] STONE, R.B. 1986. History of Artificial Reef Use in the United States, p. 1-12. In: F. M. D'ITRI (Ed.) Artificial Reefs: Marine and Freshwater Applications. Chelsea, Lewis Publ. Inc., USA, 589p.

[29] VALENTIN, J.L. & W.M. MONTEIRO-RIBAS. 1993. Zooplankton community structure on the east-southeast Brazilian continental shelf (18-23ºS latitude). Cont. Shelf Res. 13(4):407-424.

[30] VAZZOLER, A.E.A.M. 1996. Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos: teoria e prática. Maringá, Ed. Univ. Estadual Maringá, 169p.

[31] ZALMON, I.R.; B.A.P. GAMA; & A. LETA. 1993. Fouling Community at Guanabara Bay, Brazil: A Directional Process of a Variable Temporal Progression? Oebalia 19(Suppl.):217-222.

[32] ZAR, .I.H. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 4^th ed., 663p.