Diversidade de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em dois fragmentos de Mata Atlântica localizados na região urbana de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil

Bezerra, Cleomar Porto; Martins, Celso Feitosa

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752001000300018

Resumo

The use of fragrances to attract males of Euglossinae bees has been an important tool to increase the knowledge of the group. In the Northeastern of Brazil, studies on euglossine bees are still uncommon, mainly in urban areas. The goals of this study are to identify the Euglossinae species composition, to know the diversity and the community structure of Euglossinae species, verify their preferences for different fragrances and evaluate the phenology of these species, in two Atlantic Forest fragments of the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil. Bees were sampled at 15 days intervals, over the course of one year, from 8:00 to 17:00 hours, through the use of traps baited with seven types of fragrances. In both areas, 1082 individuals belonging to nine species were sampled. None significant difference of diversity and relative abundance of bees between fragments were observed. Eucalyptol was the most attractive fragrance. Bees were more abundant between 8:00 and 9:00 AM. Visits to the fragrances were more frequent from the middle of dry season to the beginning of the rainy season and positively correlated with the monthly mean temperature. Most species of bees visited all the baits over the year, but the number of attracted males was highest in April.

Euglossinae bees; diversity; community structure; Atlantic Forest

Diversidade de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em dois fragmentos de Mata Atlântica localizados na região urbana de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil

Diversity of Euglossinac (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in two Atlantic Forest fragments located in the urban area of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

Cleomar Porto Bezerra^I; Celso Feitosa Martins^II

^ICentro Federal de Educação Tecnológica da Paraíba. 58015-430 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil

^IICorrespondências: Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. 58059-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail: cmartins@dse.ufpb.br

ABSTRACT

The use of fragrances to attract males of Euglossinae bees has been an important tool to increase the knowledge of the group. In the Northeastern of Brazil, studies on euglossine bees are still uncommon, mainly in urban areas. The goals of this study are to identify the Euglossinae species composition, to know the diversity and the community structure of Euglossinae species, verify their preferences for different fragrances and evaluate the phenology of these species, in two Atlantic Forest fragments of the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil. Bees were sampled at 15 days intervals, over the course of one year, from 8:00 to 17:00 hours, through the use of traps baited with seven types of fragrances. In both areas, 1082 individuals belonging to nine species were sampled. None significant difference of diversity and relative abundance of bees between fragments were observed. Eucalyptol was the most attractive fragrance. Bees were more abundant between 8:00 and 9:00 AM. Visits to the fragrances were more frequent from the middle of dry season to the beginning of the rainy season and positively correlated with the monthly mean temperature. Most species of bees visited all the baits over the year, but the number of attracted males was highest in April.

Key words: Euglossinae bees, diversity, community structure, Atlantic Forest

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Somos gratos ao Dr. Jesus Santiago Moure e ao Dr. Mareio Luiz de Oliveira pela identificação das espécies de Euglossinae, a Antonio Christian de A. Moura pelas sugestões, e à CAPES, pelo auxilio concedido ao primeiro autor.

Recebido em 14.XI.2000; aceito em 31.VII.2001.

ACKERMAN, J.D. 1983a. Diversity and seasonality of male euglossine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in central Panamá. Ecology 64(2):274-283.
______. 1983b. Specificity and mutual dependency of the orchid-euglossine bee interaetion. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 20:301-314.
______. 1989. Geographic and seasonal variation in fragrance choices and preferences of male euglossine bees. Biotropica. 21(4):340-347.
ALONSO, C. & A. LANGGUTH. 1989. Ecologia e comportamento de Callithrix jacchus (Primates: Callitrichidae) numa ilha de floresta atlântica. Revta. Nordest. Biol. 6(2):105-137.
ANDRADE-LIMA, D. & M.G. ROCHA. 1971. Observações preliminares sobre a Mata do Buraquinho, João Pessoa, Paraíba. An. Inst. Ciênc. Biol. UFRPE, Recife, 1(1):47-61.
BECKER, P.; J.S. MOURE & F.J.A. PERALTA. 1991. More about Euglossinae bees in amazonian forest fragments. Biotropica 23(4b):586-591.
DODSON, C.H.; RL DRESSLER; H.G. HILLS; R.M. ADAMS & N.H. WILLIAMS. 1969. Biologically active compounds in orchid fragrances. Science 164:1243-1249.
DRESSLER, R.L. 1982. Biology of the orchid bees (Euglossinae). Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13:373-394.0
FRANKIE, G.W.; H.G. BAKER & P.A. OPLER. 1974. Comparative phenological studies of trees in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Jour. Ecol. 62:881-919.
JANZEN, D.H. 1971. Euglossine bees as long-distance pollinators of tropical plants. Science 171:203-205.
______. 1981. Reduction in euglossine bee species richness on Isla del Cano, a Costa Rican offsshore island. Biotropica 13(3):238-240.
JANZEN, D.H.; P.J. DEVRIES; M.L. HIGGINS & L.S. KIMSEV. 1982. Seasonal and site variation in Costa Rica euglossine bees at chemical baits in lowland deciduous and evergreen forests. Ecology 63(1):66-74.
KIMSEY, L.S. 1979. An illustrated key to the genus Exaerete with descriptions of male genitalia and biology (Hymenoptera: Euglossini, Apidae. Jour. Kans. Ent. Soc. 52(4):735-746.
MORATO, E.F. 1994. Abundância e riqueza de machos de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em mata de terra firme e áreas de derrubada, nas vizinhanças de Manaus (Brasil). Bol. Mus, Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Sér. Zool., 10(1):95-105.
MORATO, E.F.; L.A.O. CAMPOS & J.S. MOURE. 1992. Abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) coletadas na Amazônia Central. Revta bras. Ent. 36(4):767-771.
NEVES, E.L. DAS & B.F. VIANA. 1997. Inventário da fauna de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) do baixo sul da Bahia, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 14(4):831-837.
OLIVEIRA, M.L. 1999. Sazonalidade e horário de atividade de abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em florestas de terra firme na Amazônia Central. Revta bras. Zool. 16(1):83-90.
OLIVEIRA, M.L. & L.A.O. CAMPOS. 1995. Abundância, riqueza e diversidade de abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em florestas contínuas de terra firme na Amazônia Central, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 12(3):547-556.
______. 1996. Preferência por estratos florestais e por substâncias odoríferas em abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Revta bras. Zool. 13(4):1075-1085.
PEARSON, D.L. & R.L. DRESSLER.1985. Two-year study of male orchid bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) attraction to chemical baits in lowland south-eastern Peru. Jour. Trop. Ecol. 1:37-54.
PERUQUETTI, R.C.; L.A.O. CAMPOS; C.D.P. COELHO; C.V.M. ABRANTES & L.C.V. LISBOA. 1999. Abelhas Euglossini (Apidae) de áreas de Mata Atlântica: abundância, riqueza e aspectos biológicos. Revta bras. Zool. 16(Supl. 2):101-118.
POWELL, A.H. & G.V.N. POWELL. 1987. Population dynamics of male euglossine bees in Amazonian forest fragments. Biotropica 19(2):176-179.
RAW, A. 1989. The dispersai of euglossine bees between isolated patches of eastern brazilian wet forest (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Revta bras. Ent. 33(1):103-107.
REBÊLO, J.M.M. & C.A. GARÓFALO. 1991. Diversidade e sazonalidade de machos de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) e preferências por iscas-odores em um fragmento de floresta no Sudeste do Brasil. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 51(4):787-799.
ROUBIK, D.W. 1989. Ecology and natural history of tropical bees. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 514p.
ROUBIK, D.W. & J.D. ACKERMAN. 1987. Long-term ecology of euglossine orchid-bees (Apidae: Euglossinae) in Panama. Oecologia 73:321-333.
SOKAL, R.R. & F.J. ROHLF. 1980. Introducción a la Bioestadística. Barcelona, Editorial Reverté, 362p.
WILLIAMS, N.H. & C.H. DODSON. 1972. Selective attraction of male euglossine bees to orchid floral fragrances and importance in long distance pollen flow. Evolution 26:84-95.
WILLIAMS, N.H. & W.M. WHITTEN. 1983. Orchid floral fragances and male euglossine bees: Methods and advances in last sesquidecade. Biol. Bull. 164:355-395.
WITTMANN, D.; R. RADTKE; M. HOFFMANN & B. BLOCHTEIN. 1989. Seasonality and seasonal changes in preferences for scent baits in Eufriesea violacea in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini). Entomol. General. 14(3/4):217-221.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
08 Maio 2009
Data do Fascículo
Set 2001

Histórico

Recebido
14 Nov 2000
Aceito
31 Jul 2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ACKERMAN, J.D. 1983a. Diversity and seasonality of male euglossine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in central Panamá. Ecology 64(2):274-283.

[2] ______. 1983b. Specificity and mutual dependency of the orchid-euglossine bee interaetion. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 20:301-314.

[3] ______. 1989. Geographic and seasonal variation in fragrance choices and preferences of male euglossine bees. Biotropica. 21(4):340-347.

[4] ALONSO, C. & A. LANGGUTH. 1989. Ecologia e comportamento de Callithrix jacchus (Primates: Callitrichidae) numa ilha de floresta atlântica. Revta. Nordest. Biol. 6(2):105-137.

[5] ANDRADE-LIMA, D. & M.G. ROCHA. 1971. Observações preliminares sobre a Mata do Buraquinho, João Pessoa, Paraíba. An. Inst. Ciênc. Biol. UFRPE, Recife, 1(1):47-61.

[6] BECKER, P.; J.S. MOURE & F.J.A. PERALTA. 1991. More about Euglossinae bees in amazonian forest fragments. Biotropica 23(4b):586-591.

[7] DODSON, C.H.; RL DRESSLER; H.G. HILLS; R.M. ADAMS & N.H. WILLIAMS. 1969. Biologically active compounds in orchid fragrances. Science 164:1243-1249.

[8] DRESSLER, R.L. 1982. Biology of the orchid bees (Euglossinae). Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13:373-394.0

[9] FRANKIE, G.W.; H.G. BAKER & P.A. OPLER. 1974. Comparative phenological studies of trees in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Jour. Ecol. 62:881-919.

[10] JANZEN, D.H. 1971. Euglossine bees as long-distance pollinators of tropical plants. Science 171:203-205.

[11] ______. 1981. Reduction in euglossine bee species richness on Isla del Cano, a Costa Rican offsshore island. Biotropica 13(3):238-240.

[12] JANZEN, D.H.; P.J. DEVRIES; M.L. HIGGINS & L.S. KIMSEV. 1982. Seasonal and site variation in Costa Rica euglossine bees at chemical baits in lowland deciduous and evergreen forests. Ecology 63(1):66-74.

[13] KIMSEY, L.S. 1979. An illustrated key to the genus Exaerete with descriptions of male genitalia and biology (Hymenoptera: Euglossini, Apidae. Jour. Kans. Ent. Soc. 52(4):735-746.

[14] MORATO, E.F. 1994. Abundância e riqueza de machos de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em mata de terra firme e áreas de derrubada, nas vizinhanças de Manaus (Brasil). Bol. Mus, Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Sér. Zool., 10(1):95-105.

[15] MORATO, E.F.; L.A.O. CAMPOS & J.S. MOURE. 1992. Abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) coletadas na Amazônia Central. Revta bras. Ent. 36(4):767-771.

[16] NEVES, E.L. DAS & B.F. VIANA. 1997. Inventário da fauna de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) do baixo sul da Bahia, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 14(4):831-837.

[17] OLIVEIRA, M.L. 1999. Sazonalidade e horário de atividade de abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em florestas de terra firme na Amazônia Central. Revta bras. Zool. 16(1):83-90.

[18] OLIVEIRA, M.L. & L.A.O. CAMPOS. 1995. Abundância, riqueza e diversidade de abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em florestas contínuas de terra firme na Amazônia Central, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 12(3):547-556.

[19] ______. 1996. Preferência por estratos florestais e por substâncias odoríferas em abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Revta bras. Zool. 13(4):1075-1085.

[20] PEARSON, D.L. & R.L. DRESSLER.1985. Two-year study of male orchid bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) attraction to chemical baits in lowland south-eastern Peru. Jour. Trop. Ecol. 1:37-54.

[21] PERUQUETTI, R.C.; L.A.O. CAMPOS; C.D.P. COELHO; C.V.M. ABRANTES & L.C.V. LISBOA. 1999. Abelhas Euglossini (Apidae) de áreas de Mata Atlântica: abundância, riqueza e aspectos biológicos. Revta bras. Zool. 16(Supl. 2):101-118.

[22] POWELL, A.H. & G.V.N. POWELL. 1987. Population dynamics of male euglossine bees in Amazonian forest fragments. Biotropica 19(2):176-179.

[23] RAW, A. 1989. The dispersai of euglossine bees between isolated patches of eastern brazilian wet forest (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Revta bras. Ent. 33(1):103-107.

[24] REBÊLO, J.M.M. & C.A. GARÓFALO. 1991. Diversidade e sazonalidade de machos de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) e preferências por iscas-odores em um fragmento de floresta no Sudeste do Brasil. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 51(4):787-799.

[25] ROUBIK, D.W. 1989. Ecology and natural history of tropical bees. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 514p.

[26] ROUBIK, D.W. & J.D. ACKERMAN. 1987. Long-term ecology of euglossine orchid-bees (Apidae: Euglossinae) in Panama. Oecologia 73:321-333.

[27] SOKAL, R.R. & F.J. ROHLF. 1980. Introducción a la Bioestadística. Barcelona, Editorial Reverté, 362p.

[28] WILLIAMS, N.H. & C.H. DODSON. 1972. Selective attraction of male euglossine bees to orchid floral fragrances and importance in long distance pollen flow. Evolution 26:84-95.

[29] WILLIAMS, N.H. & W.M. WHITTEN. 1983. Orchid floral fragances and male euglossine bees: Methods and advances in last sesquidecade. Biol. Bull. 164:355-395.

[30] WITTMANN, D.; R. RADTKE; M. HOFFMANN & B. BLOCHTEIN. 1989. Seasonality and seasonal changes in preferences for scent baits in Eufriesea violacea in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini). Entomol. General. 14(3/4):217-221.