Mudança na dieta da traíra Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch) (Erythrinidae, Characiformes) em lagoas da bacia do rio Doce devido à introdução de peixes piscívoros

Pompeu, Paulo dos Santos; Godinho, Alexandre Lima

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752001000400016

Resumo

Two piscivorous fishes, peacock bass (Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz, 1831) (Perciformes) and piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1860) (Characiformes), were introduced in some Rio Doce valley lakes (19º50'S, 42º40'W) for sport fisheries enhancement. As a consequence, small individuals and species were practically vanished in the host lakes. In this study, the effects of peacock bass and piranha introductions on the diet of a native piscivorous fish, the trahira - Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) are presented. Trahira's diet from three lakes were was compared with the stomach contentsdiet of trahira's living in another between three lakes with and three withoutstocked with the piscivorous species peacock bass and piranha. In the lakes with introduced fishes species, the consumption of fish was significantly smaller and this food item have been this item partly replaced by aquatic invertebrates. This shift on of trahira's diet to the low abundance of its original prey, is attributed to the small fishes. This diet plasticity adaptative capacity he diet plasticity detected for trahira might be allowing its maintenance in the lakes with peacock bass and piranha.

Cichla; Pygocentrus; Hoplias malabaricus; diet; species introduction

Mudança na dieta da traíra Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch) (Erythrinidae, Characiformes) em lagoas da bacia do rio Doce devido à introdução de peixes piscívoros

Diet changes of the trahira Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch) (Erythrinidae, Characiformes) due to piscivorous introductions in Rio Doce valley lakes

Paulo dos Santos Pompeu; Alexandre Lima Godinho

Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: pompeups@uai.com.br

ABSTRACT

Two piscivorous fishes, peacock bass (Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz, 1831) (Perciformes) and piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1860) (Characiformes), were introduced in some Rio Doce valley lakes (19º50'S, 42º40'W) for sport fisheries enhancement. As a consequence, small individuals and species were practically vanished in the host lakes. In this study, the effects of peacock bass and piranha introductions on the diet of a native piscivorous fish, the trahira - Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) are presented. Trahira's diet from three lakes were was compared with the stomach contentsdiet of trahira's living in another between three lakes with and three withoutstocked with the piscivorous species peacock bass and piranha. In the lakes with introduced fishes species, the consumption of fish was significantly smaller and this food item have been this item partly replaced by aquatic invertebrates. This shift on of trahira's diet to the low abundance of its original prey, is attributed to the small fishes. This diet plasticity adaptative capacity he diet plasticity detected for trahira might be allowing its maintenance in the lakes with peacock bass and piranha.

Key words: Cichla, Pygocentrus, Hoplias malabaricus, diet, species introduction

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Ao Instituto Estadual de Florestas e ao programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo de Vida Silvestre da UFMG pelo apoio à coleta dos peixes, e a FAPEMIG pela bolsa concedida ao primeiro autor.

Recebido em 27.XII.2000; aceito em 22.X.2001.

AGOSTINHO, A.A. & H.F. JULIO JR. 1996. Peixes de outras águas. Ci. Hoje 124:36-44.
BAREL, C.D.N; R. DORIT; P.H. GREENWOOD. 1985. Destruction of fisheries in Africa's lakes. Nature 315:19-20.
COURTENAY JR., W.R. & JR. STAUFFER JR. 1984. Distribution, Biology and Management of Exotic Fishes. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 430p.
FERGUSON, M.M . 1990. The genetic impact of introduced fishes on native species. Can. Jour. Zool. 68:1053-1057.
FLEISS, J.R. 1981. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2^nd ed., 321 p.
GODINHO, A.L.; M.T. FONSECA & L.M. ARAÚJO. 1994. The ecology of predador fish introductions: the case of Rio Doce valley lakes, p. 77-83. In: R.M. PINTO-COELHO; A. GIANI & E. SPERLING (Eds). Ecology and human impact lakes and reservoirs in Minas Gerais with special reference to future development and management strategies. Belo Horizonte, SEGRAC, 193p.
GODINHO, A.L. & P.S. FORMAGIO. 1992. Efeitos da introdução de Cichla ocellaris e Pygocentrus sp. sobre a comunidade de peixes da lagoa Dom Helvécio, MG. In: An. Encontro Anual Aqüicultura Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Vol. 10, p. 93-102.
GOULDING, M. 1980. The Fishes and the Forest: Explorations in Amazonian Natural History. Berkeley, Univ. California Press, 280p.
GRIFFITHS, D. 1975. Prey availability and the food of predators. Ecology 56:1209-1214.
HUGHES, N.F. 1986. Changes in the feeding biology of Nile perch, Lates nilotica, (L.) (Pisces: Centropomidae) in Lake Victoria, East Africa, since its introduction in 1960, and its impact on native fish community of Nyasa Gulf. Jour. Fish Biol. 29:521-548.
KAWAKAMI, E. & G. VAZOLLER 1980. Método gráfico e estimativa de índice alimentar aplicado no estudo de alimentação de peixes. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr., S. Paulo, 29:205-207.
KNOPPEL, H.A. 1970. Food of central amazonian fishes. Amazoniana 2 (3):257-352.
LOWE-MCCONNEL, R.H. 1975. Fish communitties in tropical freshwaters. New York, Longman, 337p.
MACHADO-ALLISON, A. 1994. Factors affecting fish communities in the flooded plains of Venezuela. Acta Biol. Venez. 15:59-75.
MILLER, D.J. 1989. Introductions and extinction of fish in the African Great lakes. Trends Ecol. Evol. 4 (2):56-59.
NAKAMOTO, N; Y. SAYJO & J.G. TUNDISI. 1997. Metereological environment in the rio Doce valley, p. 51-66. In: J.G. TUNDISI & Y. SAIJO (Ed). Limnological Studies on the rio Doce Valley Lakes, Brazil. São Carlos, Acad. Brasil. Ci., Univ. São Paulo, 528p.
NICO, L.G. & D.C. TAPHORN. 1988. Food habits of the piranhas in the low llanos of Venezuela. Biotropica 20 (4):311-321.
POWER, M.E.: W.J. MATTEWS & A.J. STEWART. 1985. Grazing minnows, piscivorous bass, and the stream algae: dynamics of a strong interaction. Ecology 66:1448-1456.
RESENDE. E.K; R.A.C. PEREIRA; V.L.L. ALMEIDA & A.G. SILVA. 1996. Alimentação de peixes carnívoros da planície alagável do rio Miranda, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Corumbá, EMBRAPA-CPAP, 36p.
SAIJO, Y. & J.G. TUNDISI. 1985. Introduction, p. 3-8. In: Y. SAYJO & J.G. TUNDISI (Eds). Limnological Studies in Central Brazil; Rio Doce Valley Lakes and Pantanal Wetland. Nagoya, Nagoya Univ., 201 p.
TUNDISI, J.G. 1997. Climate, p. 7-11. In: J.G. TUNDISI & Y. SAIJO (Eds). Limnological Studies on the rio Doce Valley Lakes, Brazil. São Carlos, Acad. Bras. Ci., Univ. São Paulo, 528p.
TUNDISI, J.G; T. MATSUMURA-TUNDISI; H. FUKUARA; O. MITAMURA; S.M. GUILLÉN; R. HENRY; O. ROCHA; M.C. CALIJURI; M.S.R. IBAÑES; E.L.G. ESPÍNDOLA & S. GOVONI. 1997. Limnology of fifteen lakes, p. 409-440. In: J.G. TUNDISI & Y. SAIJO. Limnological Studies on the rio Doce Valley Lakes, Brazil. São Carlos, Acad. Bras. Ci., Univ. São Paulo, 528p.
WELCOMME, R.L. 1985. River Fisheries. FAO Fish. Tech Pap. 262:1-330.
WINEMILLER. K.O. 1989. Ontogenetic diet shifts and resource partitioning among piscivorous fishes in the Venezuelan llanos. Environ. Biol. Fishes 26:177-199.
ZARET, T.M. & R.T. PAINE. 1973. Species introduction in a tropical lake. Science 182:449-455.
______. 1980. Life history and growth relationships of Cichla ocellaris, a predatory South American cichlid. Biotropica 12:144-157.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
03 Jun 2009
Data do Fascículo
Dez 2001

Histórico

Recebido
27 Dez 2000
Aceito
22 Out 2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AGOSTINHO, A.A. & H.F. JULIO JR. 1996. Peixes de outras águas. Ci. Hoje 124:36-44.

[2] BAREL, C.D.N; R. DORIT; P.H. GREENWOOD. 1985. Destruction of fisheries in Africa's lakes. Nature 315:19-20.

[3] COURTENAY JR., W.R. & JR. STAUFFER JR. 1984. Distribution, Biology and Management of Exotic Fishes. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 430p.

[4] FERGUSON, M.M . 1990. The genetic impact of introduced fishes on native species. Can. Jour. Zool. 68:1053-1057.

[5] FLEISS, J.R. 1981. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2^nd ed., 321 p.

[6] GODINHO, A.L.; M.T. FONSECA & L.M. ARAÚJO. 1994. The ecology of predador fish introductions: the case of Rio Doce valley lakes, p. 77-83. In: R.M. PINTO-COELHO; A. GIANI & E. SPERLING (Eds). Ecology and human impact lakes and reservoirs in Minas Gerais with special reference to future development and management strategies. Belo Horizonte, SEGRAC, 193p.

[7] GODINHO, A.L. & P.S. FORMAGIO. 1992. Efeitos da introdução de Cichla ocellaris e Pygocentrus sp. sobre a comunidade de peixes da lagoa Dom Helvécio, MG. In: An. Encontro Anual Aqüicultura Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Vol. 10, p. 93-102.

[8] GOULDING, M. 1980. The Fishes and the Forest: Explorations in Amazonian Natural History. Berkeley, Univ. California Press, 280p.

[9] GRIFFITHS, D. 1975. Prey availability and the food of predators. Ecology 56:1209-1214.

[10] HUGHES, N.F. 1986. Changes in the feeding biology of Nile perch, Lates nilotica, (L.) (Pisces: Centropomidae) in Lake Victoria, East Africa, since its introduction in 1960, and its impact on native fish community of Nyasa Gulf. Jour. Fish Biol. 29:521-548.

[11] KAWAKAMI, E. & G. VAZOLLER 1980. Método gráfico e estimativa de índice alimentar aplicado no estudo de alimentação de peixes. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr., S. Paulo, 29:205-207.

[12] KNOPPEL, H.A. 1970. Food of central amazonian fishes. Amazoniana 2 (3):257-352.

[13] LOWE-MCCONNEL, R.H. 1975. Fish communitties in tropical freshwaters. New York, Longman, 337p.

[14] MACHADO-ALLISON, A. 1994. Factors affecting fish communities in the flooded plains of Venezuela. Acta Biol. Venez. 15:59-75.

[15] MILLER, D.J. 1989. Introductions and extinction of fish in the African Great lakes. Trends Ecol. Evol. 4 (2):56-59.

[16] NAKAMOTO, N; Y. SAYJO & J.G. TUNDISI. 1997. Metereological environment in the rio Doce valley, p. 51-66. In: J.G. TUNDISI & Y. SAIJO (Ed). Limnological Studies on the rio Doce Valley Lakes, Brazil. São Carlos, Acad. Brasil. Ci., Univ. São Paulo, 528p.

[17] NICO, L.G. & D.C. TAPHORN. 1988. Food habits of the piranhas in the low llanos of Venezuela. Biotropica 20 (4):311-321.

[18] POWER, M.E.: W.J. MATTEWS & A.J. STEWART. 1985. Grazing minnows, piscivorous bass, and the stream algae: dynamics of a strong interaction. Ecology 66:1448-1456.

[19] RESENDE. E.K; R.A.C. PEREIRA; V.L.L. ALMEIDA & A.G. SILVA. 1996. Alimentação de peixes carnívoros da planície alagável do rio Miranda, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Corumbá, EMBRAPA-CPAP, 36p.

[20] SAIJO, Y. & J.G. TUNDISI. 1985. Introduction, p. 3-8. In: Y. SAYJO & J.G. TUNDISI (Eds). Limnological Studies in Central Brazil; Rio Doce Valley Lakes and Pantanal Wetland. Nagoya, Nagoya Univ., 201 p.

[21] TUNDISI, J.G. 1997. Climate, p. 7-11. In: J.G. TUNDISI & Y. SAIJO (Eds). Limnological Studies on the rio Doce Valley Lakes, Brazil. São Carlos, Acad. Bras. Ci., Univ. São Paulo, 528p.

[22] TUNDISI, J.G; T. MATSUMURA-TUNDISI; H. FUKUARA; O. MITAMURA; S.M. GUILLÉN; R. HENRY; O. ROCHA; M.C. CALIJURI; M.S.R. IBAÑES; E.L.G. ESPÍNDOLA & S. GOVONI. 1997. Limnology of fifteen lakes, p. 409-440. In: J.G. TUNDISI & Y. SAIJO. Limnological Studies on the rio Doce Valley Lakes, Brazil. São Carlos, Acad. Bras. Ci., Univ. São Paulo, 528p.

[23] WELCOMME, R.L. 1985. River Fisheries. FAO Fish. Tech Pap. 262:1-330.

[24] WINEMILLER. K.O. 1989. Ontogenetic diet shifts and resource partitioning among piscivorous fishes in the Venezuelan llanos. Environ. Biol. Fishes 26:177-199.

[25] ZARET, T.M. & R.T. PAINE. 1973. Species introduction in a tropical lake. Science 182:449-455.

[26] ______. 1980. Life history and growth relationships of Cichla ocellaris, a predatory South American cichlid. Biotropica 12:144-157.