Interactions between bees and Ludwigia elegans (Camb.) Hara (Onagraceae) flowers at different altitudes in São Paulo, Brazil

Gimenes, Miriam

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752002000300005

Abstract

Populations of Ludwigia elegans (Carnb.) Hara were examined in Aluminio (600m) and Campos do Jordão (1520m), in the State of São Paulo. Flowers of both populations are self-incompatible and dependent on bees for pollination. Flowers of Ludwigia elegans at the Aluminio site were visited by about 30 different species of bees, and those at Campos do Jordão by 10. These results can be related to climatic differences at the two sites, especially temperature, due to their difference in altitude. Inspite of the difference in the absolute number of bee species seen at each site, Tetraglossula anthracina (Michener, 1989) (Colletidae) can be considered a specialized and efficient pollinator in both areas, since it visited these flowers frequently and showed many morphological and behavioral adaptations for pollen and nectar collection.

Apoidea; Ludwigia elegans; Tetraglossula; Rhophitulus; Pseudagapostemon

Interactions between bees and Ludwigia elegans (Camb.) Hara (Onagraceae) flowers at different altitudes in São Paulo, Brazil

Miriam Gimenes

Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Rodovia BR 116, Km 3, 44031-460 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. E-mail: mgimenes@uefs.br

ABSTRACT

Populations of Ludwigia elegans (Carnb.) Hara were examined in Aluminio (600m) and Campos do Jordão (1520m), in the State of São Paulo. Flowers of both populations are self-incompatible and dependent on bees for pollination. Flowers of Ludwigia elegans at the Aluminio site were visited by about 30 different species of bees, and those at Campos do Jordão by 10. These results can be related to climatic differences at the two sites, especially temperature, due to their difference in altitude. Inspite of the difference in the absolute number of bee species seen at each site, Tetraglossula anthracina (Michener, 1989) (Colletidae) can be considered a specialized and efficient pollinator in both areas, since it visited these flowers frequently and showed many morphological and behavioral adaptations for pollen and nectar collection.

Key words: Apoidea, Ludwigia elegans, Tetraglossula, Rhophitulus, Pseudagapostemon

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. The author wish to thank M.A.C. Lopes for his help during the field observations and for preparing the figures. M.D. Marques for his collaboration, FZanella for criticai reading the manuscripr, as well as J.S. Moure, L. Ruz, G.A.R Melo and D.A. Yanega for the identifications ofthe bees. To the administrator of Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão and of the Fazenda Gil' for the support during the field observation. Financiai support received frorn CAPES and CNPq was greatly appreciated.

Received in 13.VII.2001; accepted in 18.VII.2002.

BRACK, P. 1985. Levantamento florístico do Parque Estadual do Turvo,Tenente Portela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Roesstéria, Porto Alegre, 7 (1): 23-42.
CRUDEN, R.W. 1981. Pollen-ovule ratio, pollen size and lhe ratio of stigrnaric area to lhe pollen-bearing area of the pollinator: an hypothesis. Evolution 35 (5): 964-974.
DYLEWSKA, M. 1991. Apoidea of lhe Tatra Mountains and the adjacent area. Part I. Colletidae, Andrenidae, Halictidae, Melittidae, Megachilidae, and Anthophoridae. Acta zool. Cracov. 34 (1): 189-265
GIMENES, M. 1991. Some morphological adaptations in bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) for collecting pollen from Ludwigia elegans (Onagraceae), Revta bras. Ent. 35 (2): 414-422.
______. 1997. Pollinating bees and other visitors of Ludwigia elegans (Onagraceae) flowers at a tropical site in Brazil. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Envir. 32 (2): 81-88.
GIMENES, M.: A.A. BENEDITO-SILVA & M.D. MARQUES.1993. Chronobiologic aspects of a coadaptive process: The interaction of Ludwigia eleguns flowers and its more frequenl bee visitors. Chronobiol. Int. 10 (1): 20-30.
______. 1996. Circadian rhythms of pollen and nectar collection by bees on lhe flowers of Ludwigia elegans (Onagraceae). Biol. Rhythm Res. 27 (3): 281-290.
HESSE, M. 1984. An exine architeture model for viscin threads. Grana, Stockholm, 23: 69-75
HASSE, R. 1990. Plant communities of a savanna in northern Bolivia: II. Palm swamps, dry grassland, and shrubland. Phytocoenologia 18 (2-3): 343-370.
JACOBS, S.W.L.; F. PERRETT; G.R. SAINTY; K.H. BROWMER & BJ. JACOBS.1994. Ludwigia peru viana (Onagraceae) in lhe botany wetlands near Sydney, Australia. Aust. Jour, Mar. Freshwater Res, 45: 1481-1490.
MACSWAIN, J.W.; P.H. RAVEN & R.W. THORP. 1973. Comparative behavior of bees and Onagraceae. IV. Clarkia bees ofthe Western United States. Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 70: 1-80.
MARTINS, R. P. & Y. ANTONINI. 1994. The biology of Diadasina distincta (Holrnberg, 1903) (Hyrnenoptera: Anthophoridae). Proc. Ent. Soco Wash. 96 (3): 553-560.
RAMAMOORTHY, T.P. 1979. A sectional revision of Ludwigia s.lat. (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66: 893-896.
RAMAMOORTHY, T.P. & E.M. ZARDINI. 1987. The systematics and evolution of Ludwigia sect. Myrtocarpus sensu lato (Onagraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from Missouri Botanical Garden, vol. 19, 120p.
RAVEN , P.H. 1979. A survey of reproductive biology in Onagraceae. N.Z. Jour. Bot. Wellington 17: 575-593.
ROBERTS, R. & S.R. VALLESPIR. 1978. Specialization of hairs bearing pollen and oil on the legs of bees (Apoidea: Hymenoptera). Ann. Ent. Soe. Amer. 71: 619-627.
SAZIMA, M. & J.U.M. DOS SANTOS. 1982. Biologia floral e insetos visitantes de Ludwigia sericea (Onagraceae). Bol. Mus. Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Sér. Botânica, Belém, 54: 1-12.
SEIBERT, P. 1975. Plano de manejo do Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão. Bolm. téc. Inst. Florestal, São Paulo, 19: 1-153.
SILVEIRA, F.A. DA & J.R. CURE. 1993. High-altitude bee fauna of Southeastern Brazil: lmplications for Biogeographic patterns (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Envir. 28 (1): 47-55.
VIEIRA, A.O.S. & G.J. SHEPHERD. 1998. Brecding systems in Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in Southeast Brazil, p. 395-406. In: S.J. OWENS & P.J. RUDALL (Ed.) Reproductive Biology. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, 491p.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
15 May 2009
Date of issue
Sept 2002

History

Accepted
18 July 2002
Received
13 July 2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BRACK, P. 1985. Levantamento florístico do Parque Estadual do Turvo,Tenente Portela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Roesstéria, Porto Alegre, 7 (1): 23-42.

[2] CRUDEN, R.W. 1981. Pollen-ovule ratio, pollen size and lhe ratio of stigrnaric area to lhe pollen-bearing area of the pollinator: an hypothesis. Evolution 35 (5): 964-974.

[3] DYLEWSKA, M. 1991. Apoidea of lhe Tatra Mountains and the adjacent area. Part I. Colletidae, Andrenidae, Halictidae, Melittidae, Megachilidae, and Anthophoridae. Acta zool. Cracov. 34 (1): 189-265

[4] GIMENES, M. 1991. Some morphological adaptations in bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) for collecting pollen from Ludwigia elegans (Onagraceae), Revta bras. Ent. 35 (2): 414-422.

[5] ______. 1997. Pollinating bees and other visitors of Ludwigia elegans (Onagraceae) flowers at a tropical site in Brazil. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Envir. 32 (2): 81-88.

[6] GIMENES, M.: A.A. BENEDITO-SILVA & M.D. MARQUES.1993. Chronobiologic aspects of a coadaptive process: The interaction of Ludwigia eleguns flowers and its more frequenl bee visitors. Chronobiol. Int. 10 (1): 20-30.

[7] ______. 1996. Circadian rhythms of pollen and nectar collection by bees on lhe flowers of Ludwigia elegans (Onagraceae). Biol. Rhythm Res. 27 (3): 281-290.

[8] HESSE, M. 1984. An exine architeture model for viscin threads. Grana, Stockholm, 23: 69-75

[9] HASSE, R. 1990. Plant communities of a savanna in northern Bolivia: II. Palm swamps, dry grassland, and shrubland. Phytocoenologia 18 (2-3): 343-370.

[10] JACOBS, S.W.L.; F. PERRETT; G.R. SAINTY; K.H. BROWMER & BJ. JACOBS.1994. Ludwigia peru viana (Onagraceae) in lhe botany wetlands near Sydney, Australia. Aust. Jour, Mar. Freshwater Res, 45: 1481-1490.

[11] MACSWAIN, J.W.; P.H. RAVEN & R.W. THORP. 1973. Comparative behavior of bees and Onagraceae. IV. Clarkia bees ofthe Western United States. Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 70: 1-80.

[12] MARTINS, R. P. & Y. ANTONINI. 1994. The biology of Diadasina distincta (Holrnberg, 1903) (Hyrnenoptera: Anthophoridae). Proc. Ent. Soco Wash. 96 (3): 553-560.

[13] RAMAMOORTHY, T.P. 1979. A sectional revision of Ludwigia s.lat. (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66: 893-896.

[14] RAMAMOORTHY, T.P. & E.M. ZARDINI. 1987. The systematics and evolution of Ludwigia sect. Myrtocarpus sensu lato (Onagraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from Missouri Botanical Garden, vol. 19, 120p.

[15] RAVEN , P.H. 1979. A survey of reproductive biology in Onagraceae. N.Z. Jour. Bot. Wellington 17: 575-593.

[16] ROBERTS, R. & S.R. VALLESPIR. 1978. Specialization of hairs bearing pollen and oil on the legs of bees (Apoidea: Hymenoptera). Ann. Ent. Soe. Amer. 71: 619-627.

[17] SAZIMA, M. & J.U.M. DOS SANTOS. 1982. Biologia floral e insetos visitantes de Ludwigia sericea (Onagraceae). Bol. Mus. Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Sér. Botânica, Belém, 54: 1-12.

[18] SEIBERT, P. 1975. Plano de manejo do Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão. Bolm. téc. Inst. Florestal, São Paulo, 19: 1-153.

[19] SILVEIRA, F.A. DA & J.R. CURE. 1993. High-altitude bee fauna of Southeastern Brazil: lmplications for Biogeographic patterns (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Envir. 28 (1): 47-55.

[20] VIEIRA, A.O.S. & G.J. SHEPHERD. 1998. Brecding systems in Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in Southeast Brazil, p. 395-406. In: S.J. OWENS & P.J. RUDALL (Ed.) Reproductive Biology. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, 491p.