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Comunidades de aranhas (Araneae) em cultivos de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) no Estado de São Paulo

Spider communities (Araneae) on rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) plantations in São Paulo State, Brazil

Resumo

The spider fauna composition of three rubber tree commercial plantations in the Northwest part of São Paulo State, Brazil, was characterized for both canopy and litter strata. On seven occasions from April 2000 to October 2001, samples were taken by beating sheet and hand capture, resulting in a total of 946 individuals, belonging to 24 families and 119 species. The most common species were Italaman santamaria Brescovit, 1997 and Teudis sp. (Anyphaenidae), Castianeira sp. and Falconina aff. gracilis (Corinnidae), Paracleocnemis sp. (Philodromidae), Ibotyporanga naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944 (Pholcidae), Chira spinipes (Taczanowiski, 1871) and Rudra sp. (Salticidae), Achaearanea hirta (Taczanowiski, 1873) and Coleosoma floridanum (Banks, 1900) (Theridiidae) and Goeldia sp. (Titanoecidae). Anyphaenidae, Theridiidae and Salticidae were the most abundant families in the canopy, while Pholcidae and Corinnidae in the litter. Spider abundance was found to be, in general, positively correlated to the litter volume and density of branches in the trees. The use of acaricides and insecticides for one plantation resulted in a decrease in spider abundance for both strata. Abundance values among the samples suggest that the canopy spider abundance decreases with the loss of leaves in the dry season. Simultaneously, litter spider abundance increased in this season, because of the increase in litter volume. The most active canopy spiders, like runners and stalkers, should be investigated for their potential as pest control agents.

Spiders; Hevea brasiliensis; guilds; biodiversity; pesticides


Spiders; Hevea brasiliensis; guilds; biodiversity; pesticides

Comunidades de aranhas (Araneae) em cultivos de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) no Estado de São Paulo

Spider communities (Araneae) on rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) plantations in São Paulo State, Brazil

Isabela Maria Piovesan RinaldiI; Gustavo Rodrigo Sanches RuizII

IDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Caixa Postal 510, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: rinaldi@ibb.unesp.br

IIDepartamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Caixa Postal 136, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Bolsista FAPESP. E-mail: gustavoruiz86@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

The spider fauna composition of three rubber tree commercial plantations in the Northwest part of São Paulo State, Brazil, was characterized for both canopy and litter strata. On seven occasions from April 2000 to October 2001, samples were taken by beating sheet and hand capture, resulting in a total of 946 individuals, belonging to 24 families and 119 species. The most common species were Italaman santamaria Brescovit, 1997 and Teudis sp. (Anyphaenidae), Castianeira sp. and Falconina aff. gracilis (Corinnidae), Paracleocnemis sp. (Philodromidae), Ibotyporanga naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944 (Pholcidae), Chira spinipes (Taczanowiski, 1871) and Rudra sp. (Salticidae), Achaearanea hirta (Taczanowiski, 1873) and Coleosoma floridanum (Banks, 1900) (Theridiidae) and Goeldia sp. (Titanoecidae). Anyphaenidae, Theridiidae and Salticidae were the most abundant families in the canopy, while Pholcidae and Corinnidae in the litter. Spider abundance was found to be, in general, positively correlated to the litter volume and density of branches in the trees. The use of acaricides and insecticides for one plantation resulted in a decrease in spider abundance for both strata. Abundance values among the samples suggest that the canopy spider abundance decreases with the loss of leaves in the dry season. Simultaneously, litter spider abundance increased in this season, because of the increase in litter volume. The most active canopy spiders, like runners and stalkers, should be investigated for their potential as pest control agents.

Key words: Spiders, Hevea brasiliensis, guilds, biodiversity, pesticides

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Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMENTOS. Este trabalho foi financiado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) como parte do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP - O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade (www.biotasp.org.br). Os autores agradecem a Reinaldo J.F. Feres e Denise C. Rossa-Feres (UNESP- São José do Rio Preto) pelas sugestões ao manuscrito, e à equipe de acarologistas da UNESP, Campus São José do Rio Preto, pela colaboração nos trabalhos de campo. A M.A.L. Marques, Fundação Zoobotânica, Rio Grande do Sul; A.D. Brescovit, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo e G.B. Edwards, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, EUA, pelas identificações de Theridiidae e Pholcidae, Clubionoidea e Salticidae, respectivamente. A J.M. Pisani pelo desenho.

Recebido em 08.IV.2002; aceito em 15.VIII.2002.

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Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    15 Maio 2009
  • Data do Fascículo
    Set 2002

Histórico

  • Aceito
    15 Ago 2002
  • Recebido
    08 Abr 2002
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