Ácaros (Arachnida, Acari) da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) no Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil

Ferla, Noeli Juarez; Moraes, Gilberto José de

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752002000300025

Resumo

Mites started to be considered economically important on rubber tree since the early 1990's, when they were considered responsible for damages caused to this crop and by the consequent yield reduction. The aim of this work was to determine the mites present on this crop in the State of Mato Grosso and to elaborate a key for the separation of the species found. This study was conducted in fields of Plantacoes Edouard Michelin Ltda., in Itiquira, and Triângulo Agro-Industrial S/A. in Pontes e Lacerda. Samplings were conducted monthly in six different clones: PB 260, PR 255, IAN 713, IAN 873, FX 3864 and RRIM 600. Clones PB 260 and IAN 873 were sampled between August 1998 and July 2000; other clones were sampled between August 1999 and July 2000. In the season 1998/1999 samples consisted of 15 leaves of each of 10 plants taken randomly and in the season 1999/2000, 5 leaves of the median stratum of each of 15 plants taken randomly were sampled. A total of 4270 mites were found, belonging to 11 families. Nearly 77,2% of the mites collected belonged to the families Eriophyidae. Tarsone-midae. Tcnuipalpidae and Tetranychidae. composed predominantly by phytophagous species. Phytoseiidae was the most diverse family, with 15 species, followed by the families Tetranychidae and Eriophydae, with five species, and Tydeidae, with four species.

Acari; mites; diversity of mite; Hevea brasiliensis; rubber tree; Mato Grosso

Ácaros (Arachnida, Acari) da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) no Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil

Mites (Arachnida, Acari) on rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Noeli Juarez Ferla^I; Gilberto José de Moraes^II

^IMuseu de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário UNIVATES. 95900-000 Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. E-mail: njferla@fates.tche.br

^IIDepartamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil. Bolsista do CNPq. E-mail: gjmoraes@carpa.ciagri.usp.br

ABSTRACT

Mites started to be considered economically important on rubber tree since the early 1990's, when they were considered responsible for damages caused to this crop and by the consequent yield reduction. The aim of this work was to determine the mites present on this crop in the State of Mato Grosso and to elaborate a key for the separation of the species found. This study was conducted in fields of Plantacoes Edouard Michelin Ltda., in Itiquira, and Triângulo Agro-Industrial S/A. in Pontes e Lacerda. Samplings were conducted monthly in six different clones: PB 260, PR 255, IAN 713, IAN 873, FX 3864 and RRIM 600. Clones PB 260 and IAN 873 were sampled between August 1998 and July 2000; other clones were sampled between August 1999 and July 2000. In the season 1998/1999 samples consisted of 15 leaves of each of 10 plants taken randomly and in the season 1999/2000, 5 leaves of the median stratum of each of 15 plants taken randomly were sampled. A total of 4270 mites were found, belonging to 11 families. Nearly 77,2% of the mites collected belonged to the families Eriophyidae. Tarsone-midae. Tcnuipalpidae and Tetranychidae. composed predominantly by phytophagous species. Phytoseiidae was the most diverse family, with 15 species, followed by the families Tetranychidae and Eriophydae, with five species, and Tydeidae, with four species.

Key words: Acari, mites, diversity of mite, Hevea brasiliensis, rubber tree, Mato Grosso

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMENTOS. Aos Profs Drs Reinaldo J.F. Feres e Carlos H.W. Flechtmann pelo auxílio na identificação das espécies encontradas. Às empresas Plantações Edouard Michellin Ltda. e Triângulo Agro-Industrial Ltda pelo financiamento do projeto. Ao Engenheiro Agrônomo Caio Franchechi. ao Técnico Agrícola Nilson de Souza e aos Engenheiros Agrônomos Cássio Scomparin e Etiéne Grallien pelo envio do material para a realização destes estudos. Ao CNPq pela concessão de bolsa para a realização do doutorado do primeiro autor.

Recebido em 09.XI.2001; aceito em 04.IX.2002.

Amrine. J.R. & D.C.M. Manson. 1996. Preparation, Mounting and Descriptive Study of Eriophyoid Mites, p. 383-396. In: E.E. Lindquist; M.W. Sabelis & J. Bruin (Eds). Eriophyoid Mites. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 643p.
Banks, N. 1904. Class III, Arachnida, Order I, Acarina, four new species of injurious mites. Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 12: 53-56.
Baker, E.W. 1945. Mites of the genus Tenuipalpus (Acarina: Trichadenidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 47 (2): 33-44.
______. 1968. The genus Lorryia. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61 (4): 986-1008.
Baker, E.W. & A.E. Pritchard. 1953. A review of the false spider mite genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu (Acarina: Phytoptipalpidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 46 (3): 317-336.
______. 1960. The tetranychoid mites of Africa. Hilgardia. Berkeley, 29 (11): 455-574.
Baker, E.W. & DM. Tuttle. 1987. The false spider mites of Mexico (Tenuipalpidae: Acari). Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 1706: 1-237.
Baker, E.W.; DM. Tuttle, & M.J. Abbatiello. 1975. The false spider mites of northwestern and north central Mexico (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae). Smith. Contrib. Zool. 194: 1-23.
Berlese. A. 1913. Acari nuovi. Manipoli VII-VIII. Redia. Firenze, 9: 77-111.
______. 1916. Centuria prima di Acari nuovi. Redia, Firenze, 12: 19-66.
Chant. D.A. 1955. Notes on mites of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten, 1857 (Acarina: Laelaptidae), with descriptions of the males of some species and the female of a new species. Can. Entomol. 87 (11): 496-503.
______. 1959. Phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Part I. Bionomics of seven species in southeastern England. Part II. A taxonomic review of the family Phytoseiidae, with descriptions of thirthy-eight new species. Can. Entomol. 91. (Suppl. 12): 1-166.
Chant. D.A. & E.W. Baker. 1965. The Phytoseiidae (Acarina) of Central America. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 41: 1-56
Chant. D.A. & J.A. McMurtry. 1994. A review of the subfamilies Phytoseiinae and Typhlodrominae (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Internal. Jour. Acarol. 20 (4): 222-311.
Chant, D.A. & E. Yoshida-Shaul. 1983. A world review of the simplex species groups in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten: Part II. The conspicuus and cornus groups (Acarina:Phytoseiidae). Can. Jour.Zool.61: 1041-1057.
______. 1984. A world review of the occidentalis species group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Can. Jour. Zool. 62: 1860-1871.
______. 1986a. A world review of the eclesiasticus group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) Can. Jour. Zool. 64: 447-466.
______. 1986b. A new subfamily, Cydnodromellinae, in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasina) Can. Jour. Zool. 64: 2811-2823.
Chiavegato. L.G. 1980. Ácaros da cultura dos citros, p. 469-501. In: O. Rodriguez & F.C.P. Viégas (Eds). Citricultura brasileira. Campinas, Fundação Cargill, 739p.
Cooreman, J. 1958. Notes et observations sur les Acariens. VII-Photia graeca n.sp. (Acaridia, Canestriniidae) et Lorryia formosa n.sp. (Stomatostigmata, Tydeidae). Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Entomol. 41: 73-76.
DeLeon. D. 1957. Three new Typhlodromus from southern Florida (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Florida Entomol. 40: 141-144.
______. 1958. Four new Typhlodromus from southern Florida (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Florida Entomol. 41: 73-76.
______. 1961. The genus Brevipalpus in Mexico. Part II (Acarina: Temuipalpidae). Florida Entomol. 44 (1): 41-52.
______. 1962a. The cervices of some phytoseiid type specimens (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Acarologia 4: 174-176.
______. 1962b. Twenty-three new Phytoseiidae, mostly from southeastern United States (Acarina: Phitoseiidae). Florida Entomol.45 (1): 11-27.
______. 1966. Phytoseiidae of British Guyana with keys to species (Acarina: Mesostigmata). In: Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas 8: 81-102.
______. 1967. Some mites of the Caribbean Area. Part I. Acarina on plants in Trinidad, West Indies. Lawrence. Kansas, Allen Press Inc., 66p.
Denmark, H.A. & M.H. MUMA. 1970. Some Phytoseiidae mites of Paraguay Phytoseiidae: Acarina). Florida Entomol. 53 (4): 219-227.
______. 1973. Phytoseiid mites of Brazil (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 33: 235-276.
______. 1989. A revision of the genus Ambtyseius Berlese. 1914 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Occasional Papers Florida Sta. Coll. Arthropods 4: 1-149.
Donnadieu, A.L. 1875. Recherches pour servir a l'histoire des Tétranyches. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 22: 29-136.
Embrater. 1983. Cultura da seringueira. Brasília, EMBRATER, 135p.
Ewing, HE. 1939. A revision of the mites of the subafamily Tarsoneminae of North America, the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric. 653: 1-63.
Farias, A.R.; C.H.W. Flechtmann; G.J. Moraes & J.A. McMurtry. 1981. Predadores do ácaro verde da mandioca, no nordeste do Brasil. Pesq. Agropec. Brasileira, Brasilia. 16 (3): 313-317.
Fazolin. M. & L.V. Pereira. 1989. Ocorrência de Oligonychus gossypii (Zacher. 1920) (Acari: Tetranichidae) em seringueiras cultivadas. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 18 (1): 199-202.
Feres, R.J.F. 1992. A new species of Calacarus Keifer (Acari, Eriophyidae, Phyllocoptinae) from Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 18 (1): 61-65.
______. 1998. Two new Phyllocoptinae mites (Acari. Eriophyidae.) from Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 24 (1): 69-74.
______. 2000. Levantamento e observações naturalísticas da acarofauna (Acari, Arachnida) de seringueiras cultivadas (Hevea spp., Euphorbiaceae) no Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 17 (1): 157-173.
Feres, R.J.F. & G.J. de Moraes. 1998. Phytoseidae mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from woody areas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Sist. Appl. Acarol. 3: 125-132.
Ferla. N.J. &. G.J. de Moraes. 1998. Ácaros predadores em pomares de maca no Rio Grande do Sul. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 27 (4): 649-654.
Flechtmann, C.H.W. 1975. Elementos de Acarologia. São Paulo, Livraria Nobel, 344p.
______. 1976. A report on the Tetranychidae (Acari) of Brasil: an emmendation. Revta bras. Ent. 20(2): 115-116.
______. 1979. Tuckerella ornate (Tucker), um ácaro novo para o Brasil e outros Tetranychoidea (Acari) do Estado do Pará. An. Esc. Sup. Agric. Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba. 36: 615-620.
______. 1986. Ácaros em produtos armazenados. Piracicaba, Fundação de Estudos Agrários Luiz de Queiroz. 97p.
______. 1989. Seringueira (Hevea sp.) um novo hospedeiro para Oligonychus gossypii (Zacher. 1920) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Bol. Mus. Paraense Emílio Goeldi, sér. zool., 5 (1): 127-128.
Flechtmann. C.H.W. & J.M. Abreu. 1973 Ácaros fitófagos do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Ci. Cult. 25 (3): 244-251.
Flechtmann. C.H.W. & R.J. Arleu. 1984. Olygonychus coffeae (Nietner. 1961), um ácaro tetraniquídeo da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) novo para o Brasil e observações sobre outros ácaros desta planta. Ecossistema 9: 123-125.
Flechtmann. C.H.W, & E.W. Baker. 1970. A preliminary report on the Tetranychidae (Acarina) of Brazil. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 63 (1): 156-163.
______. 1975. A report on the Tetranychidae (Acari) of Brazil. Revta bras. Ent. 19 (3): 111-122.
Gravena, S. 1994. Manejo integrado de pragas em citros: uma visão atual, p. 41-56. In: L.C. Donadio & S. Gravena (Eds). Manejo integrado de pragas dos citros. Campinas, Fundação Cargill, 310p.
Geijskes, DC. 1939. Beitraege zur Kenntnis der europaeischen Spinnmilben (Acari: Tetranychidae), mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der niederlaendischen Arten. Meded. Landbouwhoogesc. Wageningen Nederland 42 (4): 1-68.
Gonzales, R.H. 1965. A taxonomic study of the genera Mediolala, Zelzellia and Agistemus. Univ. California Publ. Entomol. 41: 1-64.
______. 1975. Revision of the Brevipalpus phoenicis "complex", with descriptions of new species from Chile and Thailand (Acarína: Tenuipalpidae). Acarologia 17 (1): 82-91.
Gutierrez, J. 1968. Tetranychidae nouveaux de Madagascar (Quatriéme note). Acarologia 10 (1):13-28.
Jepson, L.R.; Keifer. H.H & E.W. Baker. 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. Berkeley, Univ. California Press, XXIV+641p.
Kramer, P. 1877. Grundzuge zur systematik der Milben. Arch. Naturg. 43: 215-247.
Kreiter, S. & G.J. de Moraes. 1997. Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Guadalupe and Martinique. Florida Entomol. 80 (3): 376-382.
Laing, J.E. & N.F. Knop. 1982. Potential use of predaceous mites other than Phytoseiidae for biological control of Orchards pests, p. 28-35. In: M.A. Hoy; G.L. Cunningham & L. Knutson. Biological control of pests by mites. Berkeley, Univ, California Press, 185p.
Leach, W.E. 1815. A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, etc. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 11: 399.
Lindquist. E.E. 1986. The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): A morphological, phylogenetic, and systematic revision, with a reclassification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Mem. Ent. Soc. Can. 136: 1-517.
Lofego, A.C.; G.J. de Moraes & J.A. McMurtry. 2000. Three new species of Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Brazil. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 29 (3): 461-467.
McGregor, E.A. 1914. Four new tetranychids. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 7: 354-364.
______. 1919. The red spiders of America and a few European species likely to be introduced. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 56: 641-579.
McGregor. E.A. 1950. Mites of the family Tetranychidae. Amer. Midi. Nat. 44 (2): 257-420.
McMurtry, J.A. 1983. Phytoseiid mites from Guatemala, with descriptions of two new species and redefintions of the genera Euseius, Typhloseiopsis, and the Typhlodromus occidentalis species group (Acari: Mesostigmata). Internat. Jour. Entomol. 25: 249-272.
Meyer. M.K.P.S. 1974. Arevision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomol. Mem. Dep. Agric. Tech. Serv. Repub. S. Afr. 36: 1-291.
______. 1979. The Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of Africa with keys to the world fauna. Entomol. Mem. Dept. Agric. Tech. Serv. Repub. S. Afr. 50: 1-135.
______. 1987. African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata), with reference to the world genera. Entomol. Mem. Dept. Agric. Tech. Serv. Repub. S. Afr. 69: 1-175
Meyer, M.K.P.S. & M. da C. Rodriguez. 1965. Acari associated with cotton in Southern Africa (with reference to the other plants). Garcia de Orta Lisboa 13 (2): 195-226.
Moraes, G.J. de. 1991. Controle biologico de acaros fitofagos. Informe Agropec, Belo Horizonte, 15: 55-62.
Moraes, G.J. de; J. A. Alencar; F. Wenzel Neto, F. 1988. Explorations for natural enemies of the cassava green mile in Brazil. In: Proc. VIII Symp. Internat. Soc. Tropical Root Crops. Bankok, p. 351-353.
Moraes, de G. J.; H.A. Denmark & J. M. Guerrero. 1982. Phytoseiid mites of Colombia (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Internat. J. Acarol. 8(1): 15-22.
Moraes, GJ. de, S. Kreiter; A.C. Lofego. 2000. Plant mites (Acari) of the French Antilles. 3. Phytoseiidae (Gamasida). Acarologia 40 (3): 237-264.
Moraes, G.J. DE & J.A. McMurtry. 1983. Phytoseiid mites (Acarina) of northeastern Brazil, with descriptions of four new species. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 9: 131 -148.
Moraes. GJ. de; J.A. McMurtry & H.A. Denmark. 1986. A catalog of the mite family Phytoseiidae: references to taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and habitat. Brasilia, EMBRAPA-DDT, 353p.
Moraes. de G.J. & N.C. Mesa. 1988. Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari) in Colombia, with descriptions of three new species. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 14: 71-88.
Moraes, de G.J.; N.C. Mesa & A. Braun. 1991. Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari) in Colombia, with descriptions of three new species. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 14: 117-139.
Moraes, G.J. de & J.V. deOliveira. 1982. Phytoseiidae mites of coastal Pcrnambuco in northcasthern Brazil. Acarologia 23 (4): 315-318.
Muma, M.H. 1961. Subfamilies, genera, and species of Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Bull. Florida State Mus. Biol. Sci. 5: 267-302.
Muma, M.H.; HA. Denmark & D. DeLeon. 1970. Phytoseiidae of the Florida. Arthropods of Florida & neighboring land areas. 6. Gainesville. Florida Dep. Agric , 150p.
Nalepa. A. 1898. Zur Kenntniss der Gattung Trimerus Nal. Zoologische Jahrbucchcr 11(5):402-411.
Nesbitt, H.H.J. 1951. A taxonomic study of the Phytoseiinae (Family Laelapidae) Predaceous upon Tetranychidae of economic importance. Zool. Verhandel. 12:1-64.
Nietner, J. 1861. Observation on the enemies of the coffee tree in Ceylon. 31 p.
Oudemans, A.C. 1923. Studie over de sedert 1877 ontworpen Systemen der Acari: Nieuve classificatie; Phylogenetische Beschouwingen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 66: 49-85.
______. 1931. Eene nomenclatorische, tevens type-kwestie. Entomol. Ber., Amsterdam. 8: 189-204.
Paschoal, A.D. 1971. Nova relação de ácaros de plantas do Brasil. Revta. Per. Entomol. 14(1):174-176.
Perrin, T.M. & J.A. McMurtry. 1996. Other predatory arthropods, p.471-479. In: EE. Lindqiust; M.W. Sabelis; J. Bruin (Eds). World crop pests. Eriophyoid mites - their biology, natural enemies and control. Amsterdam. Elsevier Society, 643p.
Pritchard, A.E. & E.W. Baker. 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomol. Soc, Memoirs series. Vol. 2, 472p.
______. 1958. The false spider mites (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae). Univ. California Publ. Entomol. 14(3):175-274.
Reis, P.R.: L.G. Chiavegato; E.B. Alves & E.O. Sousa. 2000. Ácaros da família Phytoseiidae associados aos citros no município de Lavras. Sul de Minas Gerais. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 29(1):95-104.
Rodrigues, M. da C. 1968. Acarina de Moçambique - Catálogo das espécies relacionadas com a agricultura. Agron. Moçamb. 2 (4): 215-256.
Sayed, M.T. 1946. Description of Tenuiapalpus granati nov. spec, and Brevipalpus pyri nov. spec. Bull. Soc. Fouad Entomol., Cairo, 30: 99-104.
Schicha, E. & M. Elshafie. 1980. Four new species of phytoseiid mites from Australia, and three species from America redescribed (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Jour. Australian Entomol. Soc. 19:27-36.
Silva, P. 1972. Pragas da seringueira no Brasil, problemas e perspectivas. In: An. I Semin. Nac. Seringueira, Cuiabá, p. 143-152.
Smiley, R.L. 1967. Some Tarsonemidae from the Republic of the Congo (Acarina). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 66: 145-150.
______. 1992. Cunaxidae (Acari) of the World with a new classification. Michigan, Indira Publishing House, 356p.
Zacher, F. 1921. Neue und wenig bekannte Spinnmilben. Ztschr. Ang. Entomol., Amsterdam. 7: 181-187.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
15 Maio 2009
Data do Fascículo
Set 2002

Histórico

Aceito
04 Set 2002
Recebido
09 Nov 2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Amrine. J.R. & D.C.M. Manson. 1996. Preparation, Mounting and Descriptive Study of Eriophyoid Mites, p. 383-396. In: E.E. Lindquist; M.W. Sabelis & J. Bruin (Eds). Eriophyoid Mites. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 643p.

[2] Banks, N. 1904. Class III, Arachnida, Order I, Acarina, four new species of injurious mites. Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 12: 53-56.

[3] Baker, E.W. 1945. Mites of the genus Tenuipalpus (Acarina: Trichadenidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 47 (2): 33-44.

[4] ______. 1968. The genus Lorryia. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61 (4): 986-1008.

[5] Baker, E.W. & A.E. Pritchard. 1953. A review of the false spider mite genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu (Acarina: Phytoptipalpidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 46 (3): 317-336.

[6] ______. 1960. The tetranychoid mites of Africa. Hilgardia. Berkeley, 29 (11): 455-574.

[7] Baker, E.W. & DM. Tuttle. 1987. The false spider mites of Mexico (Tenuipalpidae: Acari). Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 1706: 1-237.

[8] Baker, E.W.; DM. Tuttle, & M.J. Abbatiello. 1975. The false spider mites of northwestern and north central Mexico (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae). Smith. Contrib. Zool. 194: 1-23.

[9] Berlese. A. 1913. Acari nuovi. Manipoli VII-VIII. Redia. Firenze, 9: 77-111.

[10] ______. 1916. Centuria prima di Acari nuovi. Redia, Firenze, 12: 19-66.

[11] Chant. D.A. 1955. Notes on mites of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten, 1857 (Acarina: Laelaptidae), with descriptions of the males of some species and the female of a new species. Can. Entomol. 87 (11): 496-503.

[12] ______. 1959. Phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Part I. Bionomics of seven species in southeastern England. Part II. A taxonomic review of the family Phytoseiidae, with descriptions of thirthy-eight new species. Can. Entomol. 91. (Suppl. 12): 1-166.

[13] Chant. D.A. & E.W. Baker. 1965. The Phytoseiidae (Acarina) of Central America. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 41: 1-56

[14] Chant. D.A. & J.A. McMurtry. 1994. A review of the subfamilies Phytoseiinae and Typhlodrominae (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Internal. Jour. Acarol. 20 (4): 222-311.

[15] Chant, D.A. & E. Yoshida-Shaul. 1983. A world review of the simplex species groups in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten: Part II. The conspicuus and cornus groups (Acarina:Phytoseiidae). Can. Jour.Zool.61: 1041-1057.

[16] ______. 1984. A world review of the occidentalis species group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Can. Jour. Zool. 62: 1860-1871.

[17] ______. 1986a. A world review of the eclesiasticus group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) Can. Jour. Zool. 64: 447-466.

[18] ______. 1986b. A new subfamily, Cydnodromellinae, in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasina) Can. Jour. Zool. 64: 2811-2823.

[19] Chiavegato. L.G. 1980. Ácaros da cultura dos citros, p. 469-501. In: O. Rodriguez & F.C.P. Viégas (Eds). Citricultura brasileira. Campinas, Fundação Cargill, 739p.

[20] Cooreman, J. 1958. Notes et observations sur les Acariens. VII-Photia graeca n.sp. (Acaridia, Canestriniidae) et Lorryia formosa n.sp. (Stomatostigmata, Tydeidae). Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Entomol. 41: 73-76.

[21] DeLeon. D. 1957. Three new Typhlodromus from southern Florida (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Florida Entomol. 40: 141-144.

[22] ______. 1958. Four new Typhlodromus from southern Florida (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Florida Entomol. 41: 73-76.

[23] ______. 1961. The genus Brevipalpus in Mexico. Part II (Acarina: Temuipalpidae). Florida Entomol. 44 (1): 41-52.

[24] ______. 1962a. The cervices of some phytoseiid type specimens (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Acarologia 4: 174-176.

[25] ______. 1962b. Twenty-three new Phytoseiidae, mostly from southeastern United States (Acarina: Phitoseiidae). Florida Entomol.45 (1): 11-27.

[26] ______. 1966. Phytoseiidae of British Guyana with keys to species (Acarina: Mesostigmata). In: Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas 8: 81-102.

[27] ______. 1967. Some mites of the Caribbean Area. Part I. Acarina on plants in Trinidad, West Indies. Lawrence. Kansas, Allen Press Inc., 66p.

[28] Denmark, H.A. & M.H. MUMA. 1970. Some Phytoseiidae mites of Paraguay Phytoseiidae: Acarina). Florida Entomol. 53 (4): 219-227.

[29] ______. 1973. Phytoseiid mites of Brazil (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 33: 235-276.

[30] ______. 1989. A revision of the genus Ambtyseius Berlese. 1914 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Occasional Papers Florida Sta. Coll. Arthropods 4: 1-149.

[31] Donnadieu, A.L. 1875. Recherches pour servir a l'histoire des Tétranyches. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 22: 29-136.

[32] Embrater. 1983. Cultura da seringueira. Brasília, EMBRATER, 135p.

[33] Ewing, HE. 1939. A revision of the mites of the subafamily Tarsoneminae of North America, the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric. 653: 1-63.

[34] Farias, A.R.; C.H.W. Flechtmann; G.J. Moraes & J.A. McMurtry. 1981. Predadores do ácaro verde da mandioca, no nordeste do Brasil. Pesq. Agropec. Brasileira, Brasilia. 16 (3): 313-317.

[35] Fazolin. M. & L.V. Pereira. 1989. Ocorrência de Oligonychus gossypii (Zacher. 1920) (Acari: Tetranichidae) em seringueiras cultivadas. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 18 (1): 199-202.

[36] Feres, R.J.F. 1992. A new species of Calacarus Keifer (Acari, Eriophyidae, Phyllocoptinae) from Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 18 (1): 61-65.

[37] ______. 1998. Two new Phyllocoptinae mites (Acari. Eriophyidae.) from Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 24 (1): 69-74.

[38] ______. 2000. Levantamento e observações naturalísticas da acarofauna (Acari, Arachnida) de seringueiras cultivadas (Hevea spp., Euphorbiaceae) no Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 17 (1): 157-173.

[39] Feres, R.J.F. & G.J. de Moraes. 1998. Phytoseidae mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from woody areas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Sist. Appl. Acarol. 3: 125-132.

[40] Ferla. N.J. &. G.J. de Moraes. 1998. Ácaros predadores em pomares de maca no Rio Grande do Sul. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 27 (4): 649-654.

[41] Flechtmann, C.H.W. 1975. Elementos de Acarologia. São Paulo, Livraria Nobel, 344p.

[42] ______. 1976. A report on the Tetranychidae (Acari) of Brasil: an emmendation. Revta bras. Ent. 20(2): 115-116.

[43] ______. 1979. Tuckerella ornate (Tucker), um ácaro novo para o Brasil e outros Tetranychoidea (Acari) do Estado do Pará. An. Esc. Sup. Agric. Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba. 36: 615-620.

[44] ______. 1986. Ácaros em produtos armazenados. Piracicaba, Fundação de Estudos Agrários Luiz de Queiroz. 97p.

[45] ______. 1989. Seringueira (Hevea sp.) um novo hospedeiro para Oligonychus gossypii (Zacher. 1920) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Bol. Mus. Paraense Emílio Goeldi, sér. zool., 5 (1): 127-128.

[46] Flechtmann. C.H.W. & J.M. Abreu. 1973 Ácaros fitófagos do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Ci. Cult. 25 (3): 244-251.

[47] Flechtmann. C.H.W. & R.J. Arleu. 1984. Olygonychus coffeae (Nietner. 1961), um ácaro tetraniquídeo da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) novo para o Brasil e observações sobre outros ácaros desta planta. Ecossistema 9: 123-125.

[48] Flechtmann. C.H.W, & E.W. Baker. 1970. A preliminary report on the Tetranychidae (Acarina) of Brazil. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 63 (1): 156-163.

[49] ______. 1975. A report on the Tetranychidae (Acari) of Brazil. Revta bras. Ent. 19 (3): 111-122.

[50] Gravena, S. 1994. Manejo integrado de pragas em citros: uma visão atual, p. 41-56. In: L.C. Donadio & S. Gravena (Eds). Manejo integrado de pragas dos citros. Campinas, Fundação Cargill, 310p.

[51] Geijskes, DC. 1939. Beitraege zur Kenntnis der europaeischen Spinnmilben (Acari: Tetranychidae), mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der niederlaendischen Arten. Meded. Landbouwhoogesc. Wageningen Nederland 42 (4): 1-68.

[52] Gonzales, R.H. 1965. A taxonomic study of the genera Mediolala, Zelzellia and Agistemus. Univ. California Publ. Entomol. 41: 1-64.

[53] ______. 1975. Revision of the Brevipalpus phoenicis "complex", with descriptions of new species from Chile and Thailand (Acarína: Tenuipalpidae). Acarologia 17 (1): 82-91.

[54] Gutierrez, J. 1968. Tetranychidae nouveaux de Madagascar (Quatriéme note). Acarologia 10 (1):13-28.

[55] Jepson, L.R.; Keifer. H.H & E.W. Baker. 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. Berkeley, Univ. California Press, XXIV+641p.

[56] Kramer, P. 1877. Grundzuge zur systematik der Milben. Arch. Naturg. 43: 215-247.

[57] Kreiter, S. & G.J. de Moraes. 1997. Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Guadalupe and Martinique. Florida Entomol. 80 (3): 376-382.

[58] Laing, J.E. & N.F. Knop. 1982. Potential use of predaceous mites other than Phytoseiidae for biological control of Orchards pests, p. 28-35. In: M.A. Hoy; G.L. Cunningham & L. Knutson. Biological control of pests by mites. Berkeley, Univ, California Press, 185p.

[59] Leach, W.E. 1815. A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, etc. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 11: 399.

[60] Lindquist. E.E. 1986. The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): A morphological, phylogenetic, and systematic revision, with a reclassification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Mem. Ent. Soc. Can. 136: 1-517.

[61] Lofego, A.C.; G.J. de Moraes & J.A. McMurtry. 2000. Three new species of Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Brazil. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 29 (3): 461-467.

[62] McGregor, E.A. 1914. Four new tetranychids. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 7: 354-364.

[63] ______. 1919. The red spiders of America and a few European species likely to be introduced. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 56: 641-579.

[64] McGregor. E.A. 1950. Mites of the family Tetranychidae. Amer. Midi. Nat. 44 (2): 257-420.

[65] McMurtry, J.A. 1983. Phytoseiid mites from Guatemala, with descriptions of two new species and redefintions of the genera Euseius, Typhloseiopsis, and the Typhlodromus occidentalis species group (Acari: Mesostigmata). Internat. Jour. Entomol. 25: 249-272.

[66] Meyer. M.K.P.S. 1974. Arevision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomol. Mem. Dep. Agric. Tech. Serv. Repub. S. Afr. 36: 1-291.

[67] ______. 1979. The Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of Africa with keys to the world fauna. Entomol. Mem. Dept. Agric. Tech. Serv. Repub. S. Afr. 50: 1-135.

[68] ______. 1987. African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata), with reference to the world genera. Entomol. Mem. Dept. Agric. Tech. Serv. Repub. S. Afr. 69: 1-175

[69] Meyer, M.K.P.S. & M. da C. Rodriguez. 1965. Acari associated with cotton in Southern Africa (with reference to the other plants). Garcia de Orta Lisboa 13 (2): 195-226.

[70] Moraes, G.J. de. 1991. Controle biologico de acaros fitofagos. Informe Agropec, Belo Horizonte, 15: 55-62.

[71] Moraes, G.J. de; J. A. Alencar; F. Wenzel Neto, F. 1988. Explorations for natural enemies of the cassava green mile in Brazil. In: Proc. VIII Symp. Internat. Soc. Tropical Root Crops. Bankok, p. 351-353.

[72] Moraes, de G. J.; H.A. Denmark & J. M. Guerrero. 1982. Phytoseiid mites of Colombia (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Internat. J. Acarol. 8(1): 15-22.

[73] Moraes, GJ. de, S. Kreiter; A.C. Lofego. 2000. Plant mites (Acari) of the French Antilles. 3. Phytoseiidae (Gamasida). Acarologia 40 (3): 237-264.

[74] Moraes, G.J. DE & J.A. McMurtry. 1983. Phytoseiid mites (Acarina) of northeastern Brazil, with descriptions of four new species. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 9: 131 -148.

[75] Moraes. GJ. de; J.A. McMurtry & H.A. Denmark. 1986. A catalog of the mite family Phytoseiidae: references to taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and habitat. Brasilia, EMBRAPA-DDT, 353p.

[76] Moraes. de G.J. & N.C. Mesa. 1988. Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari) in Colombia, with descriptions of three new species. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 14: 71-88.

[77] Moraes, de G.J.; N.C. Mesa & A. Braun. 1991. Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari) in Colombia, with descriptions of three new species. Internat. Jour. Acarol. 14: 117-139.

[78] Moraes, G.J. de & J.V. deOliveira. 1982. Phytoseiidae mites of coastal Pcrnambuco in northcasthern Brazil. Acarologia 23 (4): 315-318.

[79] Muma, M.H. 1961. Subfamilies, genera, and species of Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Bull. Florida State Mus. Biol. Sci. 5: 267-302.

[80] Muma, M.H.; HA. Denmark & D. DeLeon. 1970. Phytoseiidae of the Florida. Arthropods of Florida & neighboring land areas. 6. Gainesville. Florida Dep. Agric , 150p.

[81] Nalepa. A. 1898. Zur Kenntniss der Gattung Trimerus Nal. Zoologische Jahrbucchcr 11(5):402-411.

[82] Nesbitt, H.H.J. 1951. A taxonomic study of the Phytoseiinae (Family Laelapidae) Predaceous upon Tetranychidae of economic importance. Zool. Verhandel. 12:1-64.

[83] Nietner, J. 1861. Observation on the enemies of the coffee tree in Ceylon. 31 p.

[84] Oudemans, A.C. 1923. Studie over de sedert 1877 ontworpen Systemen der Acari: Nieuve classificatie; Phylogenetische Beschouwingen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 66: 49-85.

[85] ______. 1931. Eene nomenclatorische, tevens type-kwestie. Entomol. Ber., Amsterdam. 8: 189-204.

[86] Paschoal, A.D. 1971. Nova relação de ácaros de plantas do Brasil. Revta. Per. Entomol. 14(1):174-176.

[87] Perrin, T.M. & J.A. McMurtry. 1996. Other predatory arthropods, p.471-479. In: EE. Lindqiust; M.W. Sabelis; J. Bruin (Eds). World crop pests. Eriophyoid mites - their biology, natural enemies and control. Amsterdam. Elsevier Society, 643p.

[88] Pritchard, A.E. & E.W. Baker. 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomol. Soc, Memoirs series. Vol. 2, 472p.

[89] ______. 1958. The false spider mites (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae). Univ. California Publ. Entomol. 14(3):175-274.

[90] Reis, P.R.: L.G. Chiavegato; E.B. Alves & E.O. Sousa. 2000. Ácaros da família Phytoseiidae associados aos citros no município de Lavras. Sul de Minas Gerais. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 29(1):95-104.

[91] Rodrigues, M. da C. 1968. Acarina de Moçambique - Catálogo das espécies relacionadas com a agricultura. Agron. Moçamb. 2 (4): 215-256.

[92] Sayed, M.T. 1946. Description of Tenuiapalpus granati nov. spec, and Brevipalpus pyri nov. spec. Bull. Soc. Fouad Entomol., Cairo, 30: 99-104.

[93] Schicha, E. & M. Elshafie. 1980. Four new species of phytoseiid mites from Australia, and three species from America redescribed (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Jour. Australian Entomol. Soc. 19:27-36.

[94] Silva, P. 1972. Pragas da seringueira no Brasil, problemas e perspectivas. In: An. I Semin. Nac. Seringueira, Cuiabá, p. 143-152.

[95] Smiley, R.L. 1967. Some Tarsonemidae from the Republic of the Congo (Acarina). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 66: 145-150.

[96] ______. 1992. Cunaxidae (Acari) of the World with a new classification. Michigan, Indira Publishing House, 356p.

[97] Zacher, F. 1921. Neue und wenig bekannte Spinnmilben. Ztschr. Ang. Entomol., Amsterdam. 7: 181-187.

Brasil

Brasil

Ácaros (Arachnida, Acari) da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) no Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil

Mites (Arachnida, Acari) on rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Resumo

Datas de Publicação

Histórico